Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following structures is found ONLY in dividing plant cells?
Which of the following structures is found ONLY in dividing plant cells?
- spindle
- cell plate (correct)
- DNA
- sister chromatids
The area where a dividing animal cell pinches in is called the
The area where a dividing animal cell pinches in is called the
- spindle
- centromere
- metaphase plate
- cleavage furrow (correct)
Which of the following does NOT apply to mitosis?
Which of the following does NOT apply to mitosis?
- produces 4 cells (correct)
- occurs in body cells
- daughter cells are identical to one another
- DNA is replicated once and there is one division
During which phase(s) of mitosis are sister chromatids visible?
During which phase(s) of mitosis are sister chromatids visible?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why cells undergo cell division?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why cells undergo cell division?
Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
What is the process called when the cytoplasm of a cell divides?
What is the process called when the cytoplasm of a cell divides?
When do homologous chromosomes pair up during meiosis?
When do homologous chromosomes pair up during meiosis?
If a change in one base in the DNA sequence leads to a different codon, but still codes for the same amino acid, this is an example of a
If a change in one base in the DNA sequence leads to a different codon, but still codes for the same amino acid, this is an example of a
Which of the following is NOT matched correctly?
Which of the following is NOT matched correctly?
What is a display of the 46 chromosomes of an individual called?
What is a display of the 46 chromosomes of an individual called?
What term is used to describe cells with two sets of homologous chromosomes?
What term is used to describe cells with two sets of homologous chromosomes?
Which of the following situations would be least likely to happen as a result of a skin cell mutation?
Which of the following situations would be least likely to happen as a result of a skin cell mutation?
The type of mutation that occurs due to errors in meiosis or DNA replication is
The type of mutation that occurs due to errors in meiosis or DNA replication is
What is the correct term for the genetic makeup of an individual?
What is the correct term for the genetic makeup of an individual?
The type of mutation that occurs due to exposure to mutagens is
The type of mutation that occurs due to exposure to mutagens is
What is the principle that states each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs during gamete formation?
What is the principle that states each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs during gamete formation?
Which of the following events does NOT occur during transcription?
Which of the following events does NOT occur during transcription?
What type of inheritance pattern is exhibited by Reptilius weirdus?
What type of inheritance pattern is exhibited by Reptilius weirdus?
What is the phenotypic ratio when crossing a red R. weirdus and a striped R. weirdus?
What is the phenotypic ratio when crossing a red R. weirdus and a striped R. weirdus?
What are the possible genotypes of the offspring when crossing a red R. weirdus (rr) and a striped R. weirdus (Rr)?
What are the possible genotypes of the offspring when crossing a red R. weirdus (rr) and a striped R. weirdus (Rr)?
When a red-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant, and pink flowers are seen in the offspring, this is an example of?
When a red-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant, and pink flowers are seen in the offspring, this is an example of?
Which combination below represents a cross between a female carrier for color blindness and a normal male?
Which combination below represents a cross between a female carrier for color blindness and a normal male?
What is the likelihood of a male offspring being colorblind when crossing a female carrier for the gene and a normal male?
What is the likelihood of a male offspring being colorblind when crossing a female carrier for the gene and a normal male?
The trait being tracked through this family is:
The trait being tracked through this family is:
What is the genotype of individuals 3, 4, and 5?
What is the genotype of individuals 3, 4, and 5?
What is the relationship between individuals 6 and 9?
What is the relationship between individuals 6 and 9?
How many cells result from meiosis?
How many cells result from meiosis?
Which of the following statements about DNA replication is NOT true?
Which of the following statements about DNA replication is NOT true?
Which of the following separates homologous chromosomes in Anaphase II?
Which of the following separates homologous chromosomes in Anaphase II?
What type of sugar does DNA contain?
What type of sugar does DNA contain?
Which type of RNA is responsible for sending messages?
Which type of RNA is responsible for sending messages?
In transcription and translation, what is the mRNA sequence corresponding to the DNA sequence 'TAC GGC CTA ACG GTC TTA ACT'?
In transcription and translation, what is the mRNA sequence corresponding to the DNA sequence 'TAC GGC CTA ACG GTC TTA ACT'?
According to Mendel's hypotheses, what does a heterozygous individual express?
According to Mendel's hypotheses, what does a heterozygous individual express?
Which Mendelian principle involves the inheritance of one allele from each parent?
Which Mendelian principle involves the inheritance of one allele from each parent?
How does cytokinesis differ between animal cells and plant cells?
How does cytokinesis differ between animal cells and plant cells?
In a cross between a homozygous tall, round pea plant and a homozygous short, wrinkled pea plant, what will the genotype of the offspring be?
In a cross between a homozygous tall, round pea plant and a homozygous short, wrinkled pea plant, what will the genotype of the offspring be?
Which of Mendel's hypotheses explains why homozygous individuals have the same trait?
Which of Mendel's hypotheses explains why homozygous individuals have the same trait?
What phenotypic ratio results from crossing a homozygous tall, round pea plant with a homozygous short, wrinkled pea plant?
What phenotypic ratio results from crossing a homozygous tall, round pea plant with a homozygous short, wrinkled pea plant?
Which phase of meiosis involves homologous chromosomes lining up at the metaphase plate?
Which phase of meiosis involves homologous chromosomes lining up at the metaphase plate?
Which genetic rearrangement involves a segment of a chromosome being removed?
Which genetic rearrangement involves a segment of a chromosome being removed?
What percentage of offspring is expected to have short whiskers from the cross of two long-whiskered Smelly Cats, one that is homozygous dominant and one that is heterozygous?
What percentage of offspring is expected to have short whiskers from the cross of two long-whiskered Smelly Cats, one that is homozygous dominant and one that is heterozygous?
Which phase of meiosis is characterized by the separation of homologous chromosomes?
Which phase of meiosis is characterized by the separation of homologous chromosomes?
Which term describes a chromosomal rearrangement that results in a segment being repeated?
Which term describes a chromosomal rearrangement that results in a segment being repeated?
During which phase of meiosis II do the sister chromatids finally separate and move toward opposite poles?
During which phase of meiosis II do the sister chromatids finally separate and move toward opposite poles?
Why is a base substitution mutation typically not as serious as a base insertion or deletion?
Why is a base substitution mutation typically not as serious as a base insertion or deletion?
What is the primary way a genotype produces a phenotype?
What is the primary way a genotype produces a phenotype?
How do proteins influence phenotype?
How do proteins influence phenotype?
What role does the environment play in genotype expression?
What role does the environment play in genotype expression?
Which genetic mutation involves the replacement of a single base with another base?
Which genetic mutation involves the replacement of a single base with another base?
Which of the following statements about meiosis is NOT true?
Which of the following statements about meiosis is NOT true?
Through the process of meiosis, ___ organisms produce ___ gametes.
Through the process of meiosis, ___ organisms produce ___ gametes.
Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
How does anaphase I differ from anaphase II?
How does anaphase I differ from anaphase II?
Which of the following statements about chromosome accidents is NOT true?
Which of the following statements about chromosome accidents is NOT true?
A Labrador Retriever has the genotype EEBb. Which of the following statements about this dog is NOT true?
A Labrador Retriever has the genotype EEBb. Which of the following statements about this dog is NOT true?
Which event in meiosis increases genetic variation?
Which event in meiosis increases genetic variation?
What is the primary purpose of meiosis?
What is the primary purpose of meiosis?
Study Notes
Molecular Genetics
Part A: True or False
- Sperm and egg cell nuclei do not fuse during replication.
- Homologous chromosomes pair up during Prophase I to form chromatids.
- Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.
- The structure that holds sister chromatids together and attaches to the spindle is not the centriole.
- The exchange of genetic material between adjacent sister chromatids is not called gene exchange.
- A display of the 46 chromosomes of an individual is called a karyotype.
- Each sex chromosome in a pair does not carry the same sequence of genes controlling the same trait.
- Meiosis is necessary for sexual reproduction, not asexual reproduction.
- The principle of independent assortment states that each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation.
- Haploid cells do not contain two homologous sets of chromosomes.
- Another term for "hybrid" is not homozygous.
- For each gene, offspring inherit one allele from each parent.
- If the two alleles for a trait are the same, the genotype is referred to as homozygous.
- Exons are coding regions within eukaryotic genes, not non-coding regions.
Part B: Multiple Choice
Meiosis and Chromosomes
- Meiosis produces 4 haploid cells, not identical cells.
- Meiosis occurs in sex organs, produces sex cells, and results in 4 haploid cells.
- Crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes, producing a single chromosome with a new combination of genetic information from different parents.
Genotype
- The genotype of individuals 3, 4, & 5 is heterozygous.
Pedigree Questions
- The trait being tracked through this family is recessive.
- Individuals 6 and 9 are grandfather and son.
- 4 individuals in this family are not affected by the trait.
Multiple Choice Questions
- A change in one base in the DNA sequence that leads to a different codon, but still codes for the same amino acid, is an example of a silent mutation.
- DNA template is both sides of the DNA molecule, RNA transcript is composed of mRNA, ribosome is composed of codons, and tRNA molecule carries the anticodon and an amino acid.
- Skin cell mutation can lead to skin cancer, but not necessarily the individual's children having the mutation.
Part C: Matching
- Meiosis diagrams:
- Anaphase I: sister chromatids separate
- Telophase I: nuclear envelope reforms
- Metaphase I: homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
- Metaphase II: sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell
- Chromosome accidents:
- Translocation: pieces of non-homologous chromosomes break off and trade places
- Deletion: sections of chromosomes are deleted
- Inversion: sections of chromosomes are sometimes duplicated, deleted, or inverted
- Duplication: sections of chromosomes are duplicated
Part D: Punnett Squares
- Long whiskers are dominant over short whiskers in Smelly Cats.
- The type of inheritance pattern in Reptilius weirdus is 3:1:1.
- The phenotypic ratio is 3:1:1:0.5.
- The probability of having short whiskers is 0%.
Short Answer
- The four hypotheses that Mendel developed are:
- You inherit one allele from each parent
- The shown trait in a heterozygous individual is dominant, hidden is recessive
- Homozygous have the same trait, heterozygous are different
- The traits segregate resulting in the Principle of Segregation
- Cytokinesis differs in animal cells compared to plant cells due to the structure of the cell wall in plants.
- In garden peas, tall (T) vine is dominant over short (t) vine, and round pea pod (R) is dominant over wrinkled pea pod (r).
- The probability of each phenotype combination is 0.5.
Meiosis vs. Mitosis
- Meiosis results in 4 cells, while mitosis results in 2 cells.
- Meiosis separates homologous chromosomes in Anaphase II, while mitosis separates sister chromatids in Anaphase.
RNA vs. DNA
- RNA is single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded.
- RNA has ribose sugar, while DNA has deoxyribose sugar.
- Thymine is replaced by uracil in RNA.
Types of RNA
- mRNA (messenger RNA) sends messages.
- tRNA (transfer RNA) transfers proteins.
- rRNA (ribosomal RNA) attaches to ribosomes.
DNA Replication Steps
- DNA is separated.
- DNA is replicated.
- One strand is given to each cell.
Transcription and Translation
- DNA: TAC GGC CTA ACG GTC TTA ACT
- mRNA: AUG CCC GAU UGC CAG AAU UGA
- aa: MET PRO ASP CYS GLU ASP STOP
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Description
Test your understanding of molecular genetics with this true or false quiz. Topics covered include meiosis, chromosomes, and cell division.