Molecular Genetics Lectures Overview

<p>DNA replication is a semi-conservative process. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The involvement of other proteins in achieving accurate DNA replication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deoxyribonuclease blocked transformation by destroying DNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only DNA, labeled with $32P$, enters the bacterial cell. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A base, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experiments revealed that DNA had a helical structure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sugar-phosphate backbone is located on the inside of the helix. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Via the synthesis of new DNA strands using each original strand as a template. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anti-parallel, one running 5'-3' and the other 3'-5'. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphates, are positioned on the outside of the helix. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To differentiate between DNA molecules containing different isotopes of nitrogen ($^{15}N$ and $^{14}N$) based on their density. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adding nucleotide units to the growing DNA chain, using triphosphates as a source (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pyrophosphate molecule (two phosphate groups). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide multiple sites where DNA replication can proceed simultaneously. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bidirectionally, from the origin in both directions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50 nucleotides per second (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3' end (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discontinuous replication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pieces of the lagging strand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To join Okazaki fragments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the formation of RNA primer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can only extend a pre-existing strand. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>100-200 nucleotides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An RNA primer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To carry genetic information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA is a double-stranded helix with anti-parallel strands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA polymerase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was widely thought to be protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribonucleic acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transformation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alfred Hershey (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It confirmed DNA's function as the inheritance factor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA forms a double helix. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They run anti-parallel. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10 base pairs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides stability to the DNA structure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They separate to expose the bases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms.

Refers to the opposite orientation of the two strands of DNA.

Method of DNA replication where each new DNA molecule contains one original and one new strand.

An experiment that demonstrated the semi-conservative model of DNA replication.

An enzyme essential for DNA replication that adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand.

Rare mistakes during DNA replication that can lead to changes in the genetic sequence.

A process where a cell takes in external DNA, altering its genotype and phenotype.

The unknown factor responsible for inheritance before DNA was discovered; thought to be proteins.

The specific pairing between nitrogenous bases in DNA (A-T, G-C).

Rare errors in DNA replication that can lead to changes in genetic information.

The process of a cell taking up external DNA and changing its genotype and phenotype.

Showed that DNA is the 'inheritance factor' by eliminating other molecules.

Confirmed DNA as genetic material by using labeled phages; only DNA entered bacterial cells.

DNA is made of nucleotides, which include a base, deoxyribose sugar, and phosphate.

The amount of adenine equals thymine, and cytosine equals guanine in DNA.

Method used by Wilkins and Franklin, revealed DNA's helical structure.

Describes DNA as a double helix with a sugar-phosphate backbone and base pairs inside.

DNA strands run in opposite directions; one is 5'-3' and the other is 3'-5'.

The process where each DNA strand serves as a template for a new strand, following base-pairing rules.

Nucleotides can only be added to the free 3' end during DNA replication.

The DNA strand that is replicated continuously in the 5' to 3' direction.

The DNA strand that is replicated in short segments called Okazaki fragments.

Short DNA fragments, 100-200 nucleotides long, created on the lagging strand.

Enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments together during DNA replication.

A short RNA strand that starts DNA replication, about 10 nucleotides long.

DNA was identified as the inheritance factor by Avery and experimental evidence with phages.

Known to be helical based on X-ray diffraction, especially from Rosalind Franklin's work.

Includes sugar-phosphate backbone, anti-parallel strands, 10 base pairs per turn, and grooves.

Each DNA strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand following base-pairing rules.

Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine during DNA replication.

The specific site on DNA where replication begins.

Y-shaped structure where DNA strands separate during replication.

Region where DNA has unwound and replication occurs simultaneously in both directions.

Technique used to separate DNA based on density differences of nitrogen isotopes.

Molecules that serve as the building blocks of DNA during replication.

A two-phosphate unit released during DNA elongation.

Speed at which DNA strands are synthesized, about 50 nucleotides per second in humans.

A type of bacterium used in DNA replication studies, known for simple nutrient requirements.