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Questions and Answers
What is the term for DNA synthesized from an RNA molecule using reverse transcriptase?
What is the main difference between a provirus and a prophage?
Which molecule establishes the link between the nucleotide sequence of mRNA and the amino acid sequence of the translated polypeptide?
What is the main difference between the complete strand and the coding strand of DNA?
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Why are both the complete strand and the coding strand of DNA not copied at the same time?
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Study Notes
Proviries and Prophage
- A Proviries is the integrated form of a viral genome into the host cell's DNA, typically found in retroviruses.
- A Prophage is the integrated form of a bacteriophage genome into the bacterial host's DNA.
cDNA
- cDNA (complementary DNA) is synthesized from an RNA molecule using reverse transcriptase.
Establishing the Link between mRNA and Polypeptide
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) is the component that establishes the link between the nucleotide sequence of mRNA and the amino acid sequence of the translated polypeptide.
Complete and Coding Strands of DNA
- The complete strand is the template strand, which is not copied during transcription.
- The coding strand is the non-template strand, which is identical to the mRNA sequence except for the replacement of thymine with uracil.
- Two reasons why both strands are not copied at the same time:
- The template strand is required for DNA replication, and copying both strands simultaneously would compromise the integrity of the genetic material.
- The cell has a mechanism to ensure that only the necessary genes are expressed, and copying both strands would lead to unnecessary gene expression.
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Description
This quiz covers the differences between proviruses and prophages, as well as the concept of cDNA and the role of nucleoli in cellular biology.
