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Questions and Answers
What type of cancer originates in the plasma cells of bone marrow?
What type of cancer originates in the plasma cells of bone marrow?
Which of the following cancers is categorized as a sarcoma?
Which of the following cancers is categorized as a sarcoma?
What is a common source of mutations that can lead to cancer?
What is a common source of mutations that can lead to cancer?
Which type of cancer has the highest incidence rate among both sexes?
Which type of cancer has the highest incidence rate among both sexes?
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Which of the following cancers arise from epithelial cells?
Which of the following cancers arise from epithelial cells?
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What percentage of colorectal cancer cases occur in males?
What percentage of colorectal cancer cases occur in males?
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In cancer development, what is the term for the mass of abnormal cells?
In cancer development, what is the term for the mass of abnormal cells?
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Which type of cancer accounts for the most deaths among females?
Which type of cancer accounts for the most deaths among females?
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What is the total estimated number of new cancer cases for females in 2023 in the United States?
What is the total estimated number of new cancer cases for females in 2023 in the United States?
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What is a characteristic of mixed type cancers?
What is a characteristic of mixed type cancers?
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What factor is NOT considered an external factor in the development of cancer?
What factor is NOT considered an external factor in the development of cancer?
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Which cancer type has the lowest incidence among males?
Which cancer type has the lowest incidence among males?
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Which of the following indicates the process of cancer spreading to other parts of the body?
Which of the following indicates the process of cancer spreading to other parts of the body?
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Which cancer has the highest mortality rate among all sites combined?
Which cancer has the highest mortality rate among all sites combined?
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Which site of cancer has an equal incidence rate for males and females?
Which site of cancer has an equal incidence rate for males and females?
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Which type of cancer is the second highest cause of death among females?
Which type of cancer is the second highest cause of death among females?
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How many new cases of leukemia are estimated for females in 2023?
How many new cases of leukemia are estimated for females in 2023?
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What is expected to happen to the incidence of cancers in high HDI countries by 2040?
What is expected to happen to the incidence of cancers in high HDI countries by 2040?
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What is the initial event in the multistep genetic model for colorectal adenocarcinoma?
What is the initial event in the multistep genetic model for colorectal adenocarcinoma?
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Which of the following best describes malignant tumors?
Which of the following best describes malignant tumors?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the six essential alterations in cell physiology that dictate malignant growth?
Which of the following is NOT one of the six essential alterations in cell physiology that dictate malignant growth?
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What was the percentage increase in total cancer cases in Egypt in 2020?
What was the percentage increase in total cancer cases in Egypt in 2020?
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What does the term metastasis refer to in cancer biology?
What does the term metastasis refer to in cancer biology?
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What role do methylation changes play in the evolution of cancer?
What role do methylation changes play in the evolution of cancer?
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Which risk factor category includes factors that cannot be modified?
Which risk factor category includes factors that cannot be modified?
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Which of the following statements about benign tumors is correct?
Which of the following statements about benign tumors is correct?
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What is the final stage in the malignant transformation process of liver cells leading to HCC?
What is the final stage in the malignant transformation process of liver cells leading to HCC?
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What is the primary tissue type from which carcinoma originates?
What is the primary tissue type from which carcinoma originates?
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What is likely to happen to cancer mortality rates if health resources are not improved?
What is likely to happen to cancer mortality rates if health resources are not improved?
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between the hallmark capabilities of cancer?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the hallmark capabilities of cancer?
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What common factor is involved in the transformation of normal liver cells to hepatocellular carcinoma?
What common factor is involved in the transformation of normal liver cells to hepatocellular carcinoma?
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Which option describes a necessary action to manage the increasing incidence of cancer effectively?
Which option describes a necessary action to manage the increasing incidence of cancer effectively?
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Which of the following is considered a core hallmark of cancer in addition to the traditional six?
Which of the following is considered a core hallmark of cancer in addition to the traditional six?
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What is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide?
What is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide?
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Which cancer type is projected to see the highest incidence in 2040?
Which cancer type is projected to see the highest incidence in 2040?
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Which type of cancer has the highest crude rate according to the data provided?
Which type of cancer has the highest crude rate according to the data provided?
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Among men, which cancer follows lung cancer in terms of incidence?
Among men, which cancer follows lung cancer in terms of incidence?
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What percentage of newly diagnosed cancer cases do the top 10 cancer types account for?
What percentage of newly diagnosed cancer cases do the top 10 cancer types account for?
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What is the estimated number of new cancer cases projected for 2040?
What is the estimated number of new cancer cases projected for 2040?
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Which cancer is not mentioned as a top cancer type among women in terms of diagnosis?
Which cancer is not mentioned as a top cancer type among women in terms of diagnosis?
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What relationship is indicated between socioeconomic development and cancer prevalence?
What relationship is indicated between socioeconomic development and cancer prevalence?
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Study Notes
Molecular Biology of Cancer BC 504
- This course covers molecular biology of cancer
- Dr. Amany H. Adam, Ph.D. is the presenter.
- She is a lecturer in Biochemistry, in the Faculty of Science at Damanhour University.
Cancer Epidemiology
- Cancer incidence and mortality are increasing globally.
- Normal cells multiply, abnormal cells multiply, and it can become malignant/cancerous cells.
- This diagram depicts normal cells, abnormal cells, and cancerous cells.
Distribution of Cases & Deaths (2018, 2020, 2021)
- Data presented in pie charts showing incidence and mortality rates for the top 10 cancers in both sexes, males, and females.
- Cancers like Lung, Breast, Colorectum, and Prostate are frequent and are in the top 10 most common cases in these years.
- Different cancers have different percentages of incidence and mortality rates, varying across genders and between years (2018, 2020, and 2021).
Cancer Statistics (2023)
- The data showcases the estimated new cases and deaths in the United States for the top ten leading cancer types in males and females and in general.
- Lung and Bronchus, Colon and Rectum, Urinary Bladder, and Melanoma of the skin are prominent cancer types.
Cancer in Egypt (2008-2011) and 2018-2020.
- Data displays frequency of cancers (e.g., Liver, Bladder) and their Crude rate and ASR data across various years.
- Information is presented in tables, charts and graphs depicting cancer incidence trends between 2018, 2020 for men and women, and the period of 2008 to 2011 in Egypt.
What is Cancer?
- Cancer is a set of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, invasion and metastasis.
- Over 100 different types of cancer exist.
Benign vs Malignant
- Benign tumors do not invade surrounding tissue or spread.
- Malignant tumors invade, damage surrounding tissues, and can spread (metastasize).
Classification of Cancer by Tissue
- Carcinomas develop in epithelial tissue (e.g., skin, lungs, breast)
- Sarcomas develop in connective tissue (e.g., bones, muscles)
- Adenocarcinomas are a type of carcinoma that starts in glands
Cancer Arises
- Cancer develops from mutations in a single cell which lead to uncontrolled proliferation.
- The development of cancer, from normal cells to cancerous cells, occurs in multiple steps, which may take many years.
Insights into Cancer
- Cancer results from environmental factors (chemicals, radiation), genetics, and internal factors (inflammation, hormones).
- These factors can initiate or progress the disease.
Molecular Basis of Cancer
- Cancer develops from a series of genetic and epigenetic changes.
- Malignant transformation involves several steps.
- The progression, from a normal cell to a cancerous one, involves multiple genetic aberrations (mutations, epigenetic alterations).
Risk Factors for Cancer Development
- Cancer risk factors are categorized as Intrinsic (uncontrollable, e.g., age) and Exogenous (controllable, e.g., smoking).
- Non-intrinsic (non-modifiable) factors - endogenous risks(inside the body), intrinsic factors (biological aging)
- Exogenous (modifiable) factors - exogenous factors (environmental exposure, lifestyle choices)
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Description
Explore the intricate world of cancer through the lens of molecular biology. This course, presented by Dr. Amany H. Adam, delves into the mechanisms behind cancer progression, epidemiology, and current statistical trends across various types of cancer. Gain deeper insights into the factors contributing to increasing cancer rates globally.
