Molecular Biology: Nucleic Acids Structure [BIO 206]
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of nucleic acids according to the text?

  • To form the primary, secondary and tertiary structures of DNA
  • To produce proteins
  • To act as polymers of nucleotides
  • To store and transfer information needed for cell function (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT a type of nucleic acid mentioned in the text?

  • Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) (correct)
  • Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
  • Mitochondrial DNA
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
  • What is the Watson-Crick model related to?

  • The primary structure of RNA
  • The composition and structure of DNA (correct)
  • The tertiary structure of proteins
  • The secondary structure of DNA
  • What is the purpose of describing the primary, secondary and tertiary structure of DNA?

    <p>To understand the genetic information stored in DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of DNA supercoiling is mentioned in the text?

    <p>No specific types of DNA supercoiling are mentioned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of studying molecular biology according to the text?

    <p>To understand biological phenomena at the molecular level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the orientation of the two DNA strands?

    <p>Antiparallel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds hold the complementary base pairs together?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hydrogen bonds are present between adenine and thymine?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the DNA sequence is correct?

    <p>The sequence of one strand determines the sequence of the second strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of base stacking in the stability of the DNA double helix?

    <p>It balances the repulsive forces of phosphate groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA replication in relation to the complementary base pairing?

    <p>DNA replication creates two complementary DNA strands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many base pairs or steps are there for each complete turn of the DNA helix?

    <p>10.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the width of the B-form of DNA?

    <p>2 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of DNA has major and minor grooves with widths of 2.2 nm and 1.2 nm respectively?

    <p>A form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a special characteristic of Z form DNA?

    <p>It consists primarily of alternating cytosine and guanine bases (CGCGCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural form of DNA is described as thicker and shorter than the B form?

    <p>A form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the A form of DNA found?

    <p>In moderately dehydrated chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical length of Z-DNA stretches found at the 5' ends of genes?

    <p>12-24 base pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DNA supercoiling?

    <p>To enable the packing of large DNA molecules into cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of supercoiling is more commonly present under normal physiological conditions?

    <p>Negative supercoiling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of supercoiling is associated with the winding of DNA around histones?

    <p>Left-handed supercoiling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of having DNA in a negatively supercoiled form?

    <p>It makes unwinding of DNA easier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the DNA molecule in a typical prokaryotic organism?

    <p>Circular, double-stranded, and supercoiled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four main nucleotides that form the primary structure of DNA?

    <p>dAMP, dGMP, dCMP, dTMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the nucleotides linked together in a DNA strand?

    <p>By phosphodiester bonds between the 5'-hydroxyl and 3'-hydroxyl groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the alternating sugar-phosphate units form in a DNA strand?

    <p>The backbone of each strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the coding structure (genetic information) of DNA?

    <p>The sequence of nitrogenous bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of writing the order of nucleotides in a DNA strand?

    <p>5' to 3' direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of helix does the DNA double helix have?

    <p>Right-handed helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

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