Molecular Biology: DNA Structure and Function
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Questions and Answers

What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

  • Adenine links to guanine (A-G) and cytosine links to thymine (C-T)
  • Adenine links to uracil (A-U) and cytosine links to guanine (C-G)
  • Adenine links to cytosine (A-C) and guanine links to thymine (G-T)
  • Adenine links to thymine (A-T) and cytosine links to guanine (C-G) (correct)

Where is RNA typically found in a cell?

  • Cytoplasm and ribosome (correct)
  • Nucleus
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Mitochondria

What is a characteristic of DNA that makes it less stable in certain conditions?

  • It is more resistant to UV damage
  • It is single-stranded
  • It is less stable in alkaline conditions (correct)
  • It is self-replicating

What is the function of histones in chromatin packaging?

<p>To complex with genomic DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is DNA protected in the nucleus?

<p>It is tightly packed and protected (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause damage to DNA?

<p>Ultra-violet rays (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of units that comprise a DNA molecule?

<p>Nitrogenous bases, sugar molecule, and phosphate group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of RNA?

<p>Transferring genetic code from DNA to the ribosome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bonds that link adjacent nucleotides in a DNA polynucleotide chain?

<p>Phosphodiester bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the double-helix model of DNA?

<p>James Watson and Francis Crick (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between DNA and RNA?

<p>DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ribosome in the central dogma?

<p>Translation of RNA to protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis I?

<p>Gametes contain two copies of a particular chromosome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of a segment from one chromosome to another?

<p>Reciprocal translocation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of chromosomes are found in the human genome?

<p>23 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a change in the number of chromosomes in a genome?

<p>Aneuploidy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate of nondisjunction per meiotic cell division?

<p>One per 25 to 50 meiotic cell divisions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a segment reversal within a chromosome?

<p>Inversion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of DNA replication?

<p>To transmit genetic information to the next generation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a structural feature of a typical human gene?

<p>Histone proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hydrogen bonding in DNA replication?

<p>Forming base pairing between nucleotides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of the Human Genome Project?

<p>To determine the sequence of DNA and identify genes of the human genome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

<p>DNA → RNA → Protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the first draft of the human genome published?

<p>2001 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides?

<p>To silence gene expression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the medical benefits of the Human Genome Project?

<p>Improved diagnosis of disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many base pairs are in the human genome?

<p>3 billion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

<p>S phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the estimated range of human genes according to the Human Genome Project?

<p>50,000 to 140,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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