29 Questions
What is the base pairing rule in DNA?
Adenine links to thymine (A-T) and cytosine links to guanine (C-G)
Where is RNA typically found in a cell?
Cytoplasm and ribosome
What is a characteristic of DNA that makes it less stable in certain conditions?
It is less stable in alkaline conditions
What is the function of histones in chromatin packaging?
To complex with genomic DNA
Why is DNA protected in the nucleus?
It is tightly packed and protected
What can cause damage to DNA?
Ultra-violet rays
What are the three types of units that comprise a DNA molecule?
Nitrogenous bases, sugar molecule, and phosphate group
What is the primary function of RNA?
Transferring genetic code from DNA to the ribosome
What is the term for the bonds that link adjacent nucleotides in a DNA polynucleotide chain?
Phosphodiester bonds
Who proposed the double-helix model of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick
What is the key difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil
What is the role of the ribosome in the central dogma?
Translation of RNA to protein
What is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis I?
Gametes contain two copies of a particular chromosome
What is the term for the movement of a segment from one chromosome to another?
Reciprocal translocation
How many pairs of chromosomes are found in the human genome?
23
What is the term for a change in the number of chromosomes in a genome?
Aneuploidy
What is the rate of nondisjunction per meiotic cell division?
One per 25 to 50 meiotic cell divisions
What is the term for a segment reversal within a chromosome?
Inversion
What is the primary purpose of DNA replication?
To transmit genetic information to the next generation
Which of the following is NOT a structural feature of a typical human gene?
Histone proteins
What is the role of hydrogen bonding in DNA replication?
Forming base pairing between nucleotides
What was the main goal of the Human Genome Project?
To determine the sequence of DNA and identify genes of the human genome
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA → RNA → Protein
When was the first draft of the human genome published?
2001
What is the purpose of DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides?
To silence gene expression
What is one of the medical benefits of the Human Genome Project?
Improved diagnosis of disease
How many base pairs are in the human genome?
3 billion
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
S phase
What was the estimated range of human genes according to the Human Genome Project?
50,000 to 140,000
Review the molecular structure and replication of DNA, the genetic code, transcription, translation, and post-translational processing. This quiz covers the basics of DNA structure and its role in the human genome.
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