Molecular Biology DNA Basics
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Questions and Answers

What type of DNA do prokaryotes have?

  • Circular DNAs (correct)
  • Single-stranded DNA
  • Linear DNAs
  • Double-stranded RNA

    • What is the main characteristic of euchromatin?

  • It consists of inactive genes.
  • It is tightly packed DNA.
  • It is less densely packed and consists of active genes. (correct)
  • It has limited gene expression.

    • Which base pairs with guanine in DNA?

  • Thymine
  • Adenine
  • Uracil
  • Cytosine (correct)

    • What does the term 'complementary bases' refer to?

    <p>Bases in a nucleic acid structure that can hydrogen-bond to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The base composition of human DNA includes 30% adenine and 30% thymine. What are the percentages of guanine and cytosine?

    <p>20% guanine and 20% cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of proteins synthesized during protein synthesis?

    <p>To form various bodily structures and enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the synthesis of mRNA from DNA?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic mRNA?

    <p>Eukaryotic mRNA has a longer lifespan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of RNA primarily acts as a template for the synthesis of proteins?

    <p>Messenger RNA (mRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides the sugar component in RNA molecules?

    <p>Ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What linkage connects nucleotides in RNA?

    <p>Phosphodiester linkage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a minor class of RNA?

    <p>Small cytoplasmic RNA (scRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the structure of mRNA primarily characterized?

    <p>Single-stranded linear molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary function does messenger RNA (mRNA) serve in the process of protein synthesis?

    <p>Carries genetic information from DNA for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural feature distinguishes transfer RNA (tRNA) from other types of RNA?

    <p>Cloverleaf shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the nucleotide sequence of mRNA is true?

    <p>It is complementary to the template DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many tRNA molecules are typically associated with each amino acid during protein synthesis?

    <p>At least one for each of the 20 amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the unusual bases found in tRNA?

    <p>They play a role in binding tRNA to ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of secondary structure can form within mRNA due to intrastrand base pairing?

    <p>Hairpin loops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of structure, how does the tertiary form of tRNA appear?

    <p>An inverted or tilted L shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common characteristic do all types of RNA share?

    <p>They are composed of nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the host cell in the production of new viruses?

    <p>To replicate its own genome and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes recombinant DNA?

    <p>DNA synthesized by splicing sequences from different organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are clones defined in the context of bacterial reproduction?

    <p>Cells descended from a single cell with identical DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is used to insert a 'foreign' gene into a host organism?

    <p>Biochemical techniques in genetic engineering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are plasmids in the context of genetic engineering?

    <p>Double-stranded DNA that can replicate independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to transformed cells in bacterial cloning?

    <p>They create multiple identical cells quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of antibodies generated against inactive viruses or bacterial envelopes?

    <p>To destroy any active viruses or bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key advantage of using bacterial strains like E. coli in genetic engineering?

    <p>Their rapid growth leading to large numbers of clones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>To cleave double-stranded DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA ligase in the recombinant DNA production process?

    <p>To bind the gene of interest to a plasmid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primarily achieve?

    <p>Amplification of DNA sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the process of recombinant DNA production, what is the first step after obtaining plasmid DNA?

    <p>Cleavage of plasmid DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a requirement for carrying out PCR?

    <p>Live bacterial culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

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