Molecular Basis of Inheritance Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Under which condition will repressor mRNA be formed?

  • In the presence of inducer
  • Only when lac mRNA is absent
  • Only in the presence of a specific substrate
  • In the absence of inducer (correct)

    • What is the role of a probe in genetic fingerprinting?

  • It is a radioactively labelled ds DNA
  • It is a radioactively labelled ds RNA
  • It is a radioactively labelled ss RNA
  • It is a radioactively labelled ss DNA (correct)

    • What does the lac operon specifically code for?

  • Proteins essential for amino acid synthesis
  • Proteins involved in cell wall synthesis
  • Regulatory proteins and enzymes critical for metabolism of lactose
  • Repressor protein, permease, β-galactosidase, transacetylase (correct)

    • Which statement regarding the last peptide bond formation is correct?

    <p>It occurs between glycine and leucine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pair of statements is correct regarding DNA polymorphism?

    <p>Both statements regarding polymorphism and inheritance are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During translation, which of the following is true about the ribosome's movement?

    <p>It moves codon to codon along the mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option correctly identifies the correct relationship between statements on polymorphism?

    <p>Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when an inducer is present in relation to repressor mRNA?

    <p>Repressor mRNA production decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gene arrangement occurs in the lac operon?

    <p>Polycistronic arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding the operon is correct?

    <p>Operons are a common regulatory feature in bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option correctly identifies the function of the proteins associated with the lac operon?

    <p>Beta-galactosidase converts lactose into glucose and galactose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the structural genes of the lac operon?

    <p>They are transcribed together as a single mRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a characteristic of repetitive DNA sequences?

    <p>They can be observed as distinct peaks during centrifugation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Assertion (A)' state regarding repetitive sequences?

    <p>They involve the repetition of a small stretch of DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regarding the structure of human genes, which statement is NOT true?

    <p>There are no genes located on chromosomes other than X and Y.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following matches Column I with Column II correctly?

    <p>a - ii, b - iii, c - i, d - iv</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main aim of the human genome project?

    <p>To identify and sequence all the genes present in human DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the lac operon is incorrect?

    <p>The z-gene codes for permease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the movement of DNA fragments during gel electrophoresis?

    <p>Smaller fragments move farther than larger fragments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the probe used initially by Alec Jeffreys during the development of DNA fingerprinting?

    <p>VNTR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the largest gene in the human genome?

    <p>Dystrophin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the goals of the human genome project?

    <p>Identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in the absence of lactose in relation to the lac operon?

    <p>The repressor protein binds at the operator region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following criteria does NOT pertain to the movement of DNA fragments in gel electrophoresis?

    <p>Larger fragments move faster due to less resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the beginning of translation in the molecular process?

    <p>When the small subunit encounters an mRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the activation of amino acids during translation?

    <p>Amino acyl tRNA synthetase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when amino acids are linked to their cognate tRNA in the presence of ATP?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of operon regulation, which of the following statements about Assertion (A) and Reason (R) is correct?

    <p>Both are true, but R does not explain A.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of a repressor in operon regulation?

    <p>It is referred to as negative regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essential function of the Lac operon in bacteria?

    <p>To control lactose metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is false regarding peptide bond formation between two charged tRNAs?

    <p>Presence of a catalyst reduces the rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding the activation of amino acids in protein synthesis?

    <p>It does not require ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Molecular Basis of Inheritance

    • Translation Initiation: Translation begins when the small ribosomal subunit encounters mRNA, not tRNA or the large subunit.

    • Amino Acid Activation: Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, not RNA polymerase, methionine, or initiation factor, activates amino acids during translation.

    • Charging of tRNA: The process where amino acids are linked to their cognate tRNA in the presence of ATP is called aminoacylation or charging of tRNA.

    • Operon Regulation: Repressor-mediated regulation of an operon is considered negative regulation. Operons under activator control are positively regulated.

    • Lac Operon Enzymes: The enzymes of the lac operon are: β-galactosidase, permease, and transacetylase.

    • Human Genome Genes: The human genome contains approximately 2968 total genes and 231 genes are located on chromosome 1.

    • Human Genome Size: The human genome is approximately 2.4 million bases in length.

    • DNA Fingerprinting Probes: In genetic fingerprinting, radioactively labeled single-stranded DNA (ss DNA) probes are used.

    • Polymorphism and DNA Fingerprinting: DNA polymorphism is the basis of DNA fingerprinting and is an inheritable trait.

    • Human Genome Project Goal: The primary goal of the human genome project was to identify and sequence all human genes.

    • Genetic Fingerprinting Probe Mechanism: The accuracy of genetic fingerprinting is determined by a probe labeled with a radioactive signal, a double-stranded DNA.

    • Translation in Bacteria: During bacterial translation, the ribosome moves along the mRNA, linking amino acids to form a polypeptide, and the first amino acid isn't always proline. Last codon of mRNA is often CUU and the last peptide bond formation occurs between adjacent amino acids.

    • DNA Fragments Movement: In gel electrophoresis, smaller DNA fragments move faster and further than larger fragments. Therefore, the smaller the fragment size the farther the fragment moves.

    • Lac Operon Regulation: Galactose can bind and inactivate the repressor, the repressor binds to the operator in the absence of lactose which prevents transcription. The Z-gene codes for β-galactosidase

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    MBI DPP-4 (1) PDF - Molecular Basis of Inheritance

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the molecular basis of inheritance with questions covering translation initiation, operon regulation, and key components of the human genome. This quiz will assess your understanding of crucial concepts such as amino acid activation and the lac operon.

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