Module 9: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of value transmission in healthcare?

To enforce strict compliance with laws and regulations.

To create marketing strategies for health services.

To establish financial policies related to patient care.

To influence beliefs about health and ethics among healthcare professionals. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ethical principles in nursing?

Promoting patient autonomy in decision-making.

Providing mechanisms for legal liability. (correct)

Guiding equitable distribution of healthcare resources.

Respecting the dignity and rights of patients.

How does the Nursing Code of Ethics primarily serve nurses?

By outlining the ethical obligations for patient care and professional integrity. (correct)

By establishing the financial guidelines for nursing practice.

By dictating the pharmacological protocols for patient treatment.

By providing strategies for effective communication with patients.

Which aspect of healthcare does value transmission NOT primarily influence?

Patient marketing approaches. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the importance of ethical principles in nursing?

They ensure nursing practices are rooted in social justice and equality. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with a pH of less than 7.35 and a PaCO₂ greater than 45 mmHg?

Respiratory acidosis Signup and view all the answers

What electrolyte imbalance would most likely occur with a condition that has a pH greater than 7.45 and HCO₃⁻ levels above 26 mEq/L?

Hypokalemia Signup and view all the answers

In an individual presenting with increased HCO₃⁻ levels, what compensatory mechanism might the body initiate?

Decrease ventilation Signup and view all the answers

Which fluid type has a higher osmolality than plasma and is typically used to treat specific medical conditions?

Hypertonic fluids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of metabolic acidosis?

Diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for PaCO₂ in arterial blood gas analysis?

35-45 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of untreated respiratory alkalosis?

Neurologic symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of metabolic alkalosis?

Diuretics Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with metabolic acidosis, which compensation mechanism do the lungs initiate?

Increase ventilation Signup and view all the answers

Which of these symptoms is most consistent with hypocalcemia?

Tetany Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would you expect to see in metabolic acidosis?

pH < 7.35 Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would hypotonic fluids typically be indicated?

Hypernatremia Signup and view all the answers

What defines a clear liquid diet?

Contains no solid foods Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological response is a result of hypokalemia?

Muscle weakness Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Module 9: Fluid, Electrolytes & Acid-Base Balance

ABG analysis (metabolic vs respiratory, acidosis vs alkalosis)
- pH: Measures acidity/alkalinity (7.35-7.45)
 - <7.35: Acidosis
 - 7.45: Alkalosis
- PaCO2: Partial pressure of CO2 (respiratory function) (35-45 mmHg)
- HCO3⁻: Bicarbonate level (metabolic function) (22-26 mEq/L)
- Acidosis: pH drops below 7.35
- Alkalosis: pH rises above 7.45
- Respiratory imbalance indicated by abnormal PaCO2
- Metabolic imbalance indicated by abnormal HCO3⁻

IV Fluid Types

Isotonic Fluids: Same osmolality as plasma (~280 mOsm/L)
- Function: Expand extracellular fluid volume
- Common Uses: Treat fluid volume deficits (e.g., blood loss, dehydration)
- Examples: Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl), Lactated Ringer's (LR), 5% Dextrose in Water (D5W)
Hypotonic Fluids: Lower osmolality than plasma (<280 mOsm/L)
- Function: Water moves from intravascular to intracellular space, causing cell swelling
- Common Uses: Treat cellular dehydration (e.g., diabetic ketoacidosis, hypernatremia)
- Examples: 0.45% NaCl (Half Normal Saline), 0.33% NaCl (One-Third Normal Saline)
Hypertonic Fluids: Higher osmolality than plasma (>300 mOsm/L)
- Function: Water moves out of cells into intravascular space, causing cell shrinkage
- Common Uses: Treat severe hyponatremia and reduce cerebral edema
- Examples: 3% or 5% NaCl, Dextrose 10% in Water (D10W), D5NS, D5LR

Blood Product Administration

Preparation: Verify order, patient identity, blood type, and informed consent
Equipment: IV line with blood filter, primed with 0.9% NaCl
Pre-Assessment: Record baseline vitals and check for prior transfusion reactions
Administration: Verify blood, start slowly, and monitor closely for first 15 minutes
Monitoring: Check vital signs and watch for reactions
Completion: Flush IV line with 0.9% NaCl and document

Module 10: Nutrition Assessment

Components: Dietary patterns, allergies, weight changes, medical history, physical exam, lab values (serum albumin, hemoglobin, vitamin/mineral levels)
Risk Factors for Malnutrition: Chronic illness, medication side effects, poor oral intake, age

Tube Feedings

Types: Nasogastric Tube (NG), Gastrostomy Tube (PEG)

Foods for Constipation/Diarrhea

Constipation: High-fiber foods (whole grains, fruits, vegetables), hydration
Diarrhea: BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, toast), avoid dairy, caffeine, and high-fiber foods

Enema

Administration Steps: Left side-lying (Sims) position, gentle insertion, slow administration.

Module 11: Human Dimensions of Health

Physical: Genetic makeup, age, developmental level, race, gender, cognitive abilities, educational background, past experiences
Emotional: Influence on ability to cope with stress, express emotions
Sociocultural: Family, lifestyle, cultural beliefs, perceptions of health, practices
Spiritual: Beliefs, values, coping mechanisms
Environmental: Housing, sanitation, climate, pollution

Module 12: Safe Medication Administration

Right Patient: Verify patient using two identifiers
Right Medication: Check medication label against prescription
Right Dose: Ensure correct amount
Right Route: Administer by appropriate route
Right Time: Administer at correct time
Right Documentation: Document administration promptly
Right Reason: Medication appropriate for patient's condition

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Description

Test your knowledge on fluid, electrolytes, and acid-base balance from Module 9. This quiz covers ABG analysis, types of IV fluids, and the conditions they address. Great for nursing and medical students looking to reinforce their understanding of these critical concepts.