Module 9: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Quiz

Module 9: Fluid, Electrolytes & Acid-Base Balance

• ABG analysis (metabolic vs respiratory, acidosis vs alkalosis)
  • pH: Measures acidity/alkalinity (7.35-7.45)
    • <7.35: Acidosis

    • 7.45: Alkalosis

  • PaCO2: Partial pressure of CO2 (respiratory function) (35-45 mmHg)
  • HCO3⁻: Bicarbonate level (metabolic function) (22-26 mEq/L)
  • Acidosis: pH drops below 7.35
  • Alkalosis: pH rises above 7.45
  • Respiratory imbalance indicated by abnormal PaCO2
  • Metabolic imbalance indicated by abnormal HCO3⁻

IV Fluid Types

• Isotonic Fluids: Same osmolality as plasma (~280 mOsm/L)
  • Function: Expand extracellular fluid volume
  • Common Uses: Treat fluid volume deficits (e.g., blood loss, dehydration)
  • Examples: Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl), Lactated Ringer's (LR), 5% Dextrose in Water (D5W)
• Hypotonic Fluids: Lower osmolality than plasma (<280 mOsm/L)
  • Function: Water moves from intravascular to intracellular space, causing cell swelling
  • Common Uses: Treat cellular dehydration (e.g., diabetic ketoacidosis, hypernatremia)
  • Examples: 0.45% NaCl (Half Normal Saline), 0.33% NaCl (One-Third Normal Saline)
• Hypertonic Fluids: Higher osmolality than plasma (>300 mOsm/L)
  • Function: Water moves out of cells into intravascular space, causing cell shrinkage
  • Common Uses: Treat severe hyponatremia and reduce cerebral edema
  • Examples: 3% or 5% NaCl, Dextrose 10% in Water (D10W), D5NS, D5LR

Blood Product Administration

• Preparation: Verify order, patient identity, blood type, and informed consent
• Equipment: IV line with blood filter, primed with 0.9% NaCl
• Pre-Assessment: Record baseline vitals and check for prior transfusion reactions
• Administration: Verify blood, start slowly, and monitor closely for first 15 minutes
• Monitoring: Check vital signs and watch for reactions
• Completion: Flush IV line with 0.9% NaCl and document

Module 10: Nutrition Assessment

• Components: Dietary patterns, allergies, weight changes, medical history, physical exam, lab values (serum albumin, hemoglobin, vitamin/mineral levels)
• Risk Factors for Malnutrition: Chronic illness, medication side effects, poor oral intake, age

Tube Feedings

• Types: Nasogastric Tube (NG), Gastrostomy Tube (PEG)

Foods for Constipation/Diarrhea

• Constipation: High-fiber foods (whole grains, fruits, vegetables), hydration
• Diarrhea: BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, toast), avoid dairy, caffeine, and high-fiber foods

Enema

• Administration Steps: Left side-lying (Sims) position, gentle insertion, slow administration.

Module 11: Human Dimensions of Health

• Physical: Genetic makeup, age, developmental level, race, gender, cognitive abilities, educational background, past experiences
• Emotional: Influence on ability to cope with stress, express emotions
• Sociocultural: Family, lifestyle, cultural beliefs, perceptions of health, practices
• Spiritual: Beliefs, values, coping mechanisms
• Environmental: Housing, sanitation, climate, pollution

Module 12: Safe Medication Administration

• Right Patient: Verify patient using two identifiers
• Right Medication: Check medication label against prescription
• Right Dose: Ensure correct amount
• Right Route: Administer by appropriate route
• Right Time: Administer at correct time
• Right Documentation: Document administration promptly
• Right Reason: Medication appropriate for patient's condition

Test your knowledge on fluid, electrolytes, and acid-base balance from Module 9. This quiz covers ABG analysis, types of IV fluids, and the conditions they address. Great for nursing and medical students looking to reinforce their understanding of these critical concepts.