Arterial Blood Gas Analysis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of measuring Base Excess (BE)?

  • To understand how much acid or alkaline correction is needed for a pH of 7.4. (correct)
  • To determine the amount of bicarbonate in the system.
  • To assess the patient's respiratory rate.
  • To measure the patient's temperature.

Which artery is preferred for arterial blood sampling?

  • Femoral artery.
  • Subclavian artery.
  • Brachial artery.
  • Radial artery. (correct)

How can respiratory acidosis be identified through blood analysis?

  • By a decrease in pH with increased CO2 levels. (correct)
  • By a normal pH with high bicarbonate levels.
  • By an increase in pH with normal CO2 levels.
  • By an increase in bicarbonate levels without a change in CO2.

What must be done promptly after arterial blood sampling?

<p>Ensure the sample doesn't metabolize and clot up. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following additions may complicate the metabolic assessment?

<p>Glucose, potassium, and calcium levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily measured in arterial blood gas analysis?

<p>Partial pressure of gases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is responsible for excreting bicarbonate to maintain blood pH?

<p>Kidneys (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pH range for arterial blood?

<p>7.35 - 7.45 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which partial pressure indicates a state of alkalosis in arterial blood?

<p>PaCO2 ≤ 4.7 Kpa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition arises when the kidneys cannot produce enough bicarbonate?

<p>Acidosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to patients that are hyperventilated?

<p>Decreased CO2 levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for bicarbonate (HCO3) in mmol?

<p>22 - 26 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological process directly affects blood pH through the removal of CO2?

<p>Respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

PaO2

A measurement of the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood.

PaCO2

A measurement of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.

HCO3

A measurement of the level of bicarbonate in arterial blood.

Lungs and PaCO2

The lungs regulate the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in the blood.

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Kidneys and HCO3

The kidneys regulate the level of bicarbonate (HCO3) in the blood.

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Acidosis

A condition where the pH of the blood is lower than normal.

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Alkalosis

A condition where the pH of the blood is higher than normal.

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Normal pH Range

The normal range for pH in the blood.

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What is Base Excess (BE)?

The amount of acid or base needed to bring blood pH back to 7.4. A positive value means metabolic alkalosis, requiring acid to correct. A negative value means metabolic acidosis, requiring base to correct.

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What is Respiratory Acidosis/Alkalosis?

When CO2 levels in the blood change, causing a shift in pH. This is usually caused by problems with breathing, like lung disease or shallow breathing.

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What is Metabolic Acidosis/Alkalosis?

When the bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels in the blood change causing a shift in pH. This is commonly due to kidney problems, metabolic disorders, or dehydration.

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Where should an arterial blood sample be taken?

The radial artery, a major artery in the wrist, offers a safer and less risky option compared to central arteries.

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What information should be collected alongside an arterial blood sample?

When taking an arterial blood sample, it's vital to get details about the patient's oxygen levels, ventilation rate, and temperature. This information helps healthcare professionals understand the overall context of the blood gas results.

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Study Notes

Arterial Blood Gas Analysis

  • Arterial blood gases (ABGs) measure gases in arterial blood, specifically partial pressures (Pa).
  • The pH of the blood must be maintained at a precise level for organ function.
  • Lungs: Respiration (ventilation rate and depth) affects blood CO2 levels.
  • Kidneys: Produce bicarbonate (HCO3-) to buffer excess hydrogen (acidic) ions.
  • Normal pH range is 7.35-7.45.
  • PaO2: Normal range is 10-13 kPa. A lower reading may indicate breathing issues.
  • PaCO2: Normal range is 4.7-6.0 kPa. Higher/lower values can indicate respiratory issues (acidosis/alkalosis).
  • HCO3-: Normal range is 22-26 mmol/L. Low values may suggest metabolic acidosis
  • Base Excess (BE): Shows how much acid or alkali is needed to correct the pH to 7.4. +2mmol = metabolic alkalosis, -2mmol = metabolic acidosis.

Obtaining ABG Samples

  • Samples are ideally collected from radial or peripheral arteries.
  • Central arteries carry higher infection risks.
  • Essential information to document includes the patient's oxygen saturation, ventilation details, and temperature.

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Fazeela's Idiots Guide to Arterial Blood Gases PDF

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