ABG Analysis Practice Quiz
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Questions and Answers

A patient presents with the following ABG values: • pH: 7.30 • PaCO2: 50 mmHg • HCO3: 24 mEq/L What is the patient's acid-base imbalance?

  • Uncompensated respiratory acidosis (correct)
  • Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
  • Fully compensated respiratory acidosis
  • Uncompensated metabolic acidosis

    • A patient with kidney disease has the following ABG values: • pH: 7.29 • PaCO2: 37 mmHg • HCO3: 18 mEq/L What is the acid-base disorder?

  • Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
  • Fully compensated metabolic acidosis
  • Partially compensated respiratory acidosis
  • Uncompensated metabolic acidosis (correct)

    • A patient experiencing prolonged vomiting has the following ABG values: • pH: 7.50 • PaCO2: 47 mmHg • HCO3: 30 mEq/L What is the acid-base disorder?

  • Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
  • Partially compensated respiratory acidosis
  • Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis (correct)
  • Fully compensated respiratory alkalosis

    • A patient with chronic COPD presents with the following ABG values: • pH: 7.38 • PaCO2: 55 mmHg • HCO3: 30 mEq/L What is the acid-base imbalance?

    <p>Fully compensated respiratory acidosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient is hyperventilating due to anxiety. ABG values: • pH: 7.52 • PaCO2: 30 mmHg • HCO3: 24 mEq/L What is the acid-base disorder?

    <p>Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with DKA presents with ABG values: • pH: 7.25 • PaCO2: 30 mmHg • HCO3: 16 mEq/L

    <p>Partially compensated metabolic acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with kidney failure has ABG values: • pH: 7.37 • PaCO2: 30 mmHg • HCO3: 18 mEq/L

    <p>Fully compensated metabolic acidosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with severe diarrhea has ABG values: • pH: 7.20 • PaCO2: 38 mmHg • HCO3: 14 mEq/L

    <p>Uncompensated metabolic acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with asthma exacerbation has ABG values: • pH: 7.31 • PaCO2: 58 mmHg • HCO3: 28 mEq/L

    <p>Partially compensated respiratory acidosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with vomiting for 3 days has ABG values: • pH: 7.48 • PaCO2: 50 mmHg • HCO3: 32 mEq/L

    <p>Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with pneumonia has the following ABG values: • pH: 7.28 • PaCO2: 55 mmHg • HCO3: 26 mEq/L What is the acid-base imbalance?

    <p>Uncompensated respiratory acidosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with chronic renal failure has these ABG values: • pH: 7.35 • PaCO2: 30 mmHg • HCO3: 18 mEq/L

    <p>Fully compensated metabolic acidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient experiencing an overdose on sedatives has these ABG values: • pH: 7.25 • PaCO2: 60 mmHg • HCO3: 28 mEq/L

    <p>Partially compensated respiratory acidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient in septic shock has the following ABG values: • pH: 7.20 • PaCO2: 29 mmHg • HCO3: 14 mEq/L

    <p>Partially compensated metabolic acidosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient who is hyperventilating due to pain has these ABG values: • pH: 7.55 • PaCO2: 28 mmHg • HCO3: 24 mEq/L

    <p>Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with prolonged NG suctioning has these ABG values: • pH: 7.51 • PaCO2: 48 mmHg • HCO3: 34 mEq/L

    <p>Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with severe dehydration has these ABG values: • pH: 7.48 • PaCO2: 44 mmHg • HCO3: 31 mEq/L

    <p>Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with chronic emphysema has these ABG values: • pH: 7.38 • PaCO2: 56 mmHg • HCO3: 32 mEq/L

    <p>Fully compensated respiratory acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient suffering from a panic attack has these ABG values: • pH: 7.60 • PaCO2: 22 mmHg • HCO3: 24 mEq/L

    <p>Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient in renal failure presents with the following ABG values: • pH: 7.32 • PaCO2: 30 mmHg • HCO3: 18 mEq/L

    <p>Partially compensated metabolic acidosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Acid-base imbalance

    A disruption in the normal pH balance of the body.

    pH: 7.30

    Indicates a low pH, suggesting acidosis.

    PaCO₂: 50 mmHg

    Elevated level indicating potential respiratory acidosis.

    HCO₃: 24 mEq/L

    Bicarbonate level indicating no compensation; normal range is 22-26 mEq/L.

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    Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

    Acidosis due to respiratory issues with no compensation; decreased pH, increased PaCO₂.

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    pH: 7.29

    Indicates severe acidosis in this context.

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    HCO₃: 18 mEq/L

    Low HCO₃ suggests metabolic acidosis.

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    Uncompensated metabolic acidosis

    Acidosis due to metabolic causes with no respiratory compensation; low pH and low HCO₃.

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    pH: 7.50

    Indicates alkalosis in this context.

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    Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis

    Alkalosis with an increase in HCO₃; pH is high with abnormal PaCO₂ levels trying to compensate.

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    pH: 7.38

    Slightly acidic but within a normal range.

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    Fully compensated respiratory acidosis

    Normal pH due to effective renal compensation for elevated PaCO₂.

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    pH: 7.52

    Indicates significant alkalosis.

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    Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis

    High pH with low PaCO₂ and normal HCO₃; indicates lack of compensation.

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    pH: 7.25

    Low pH indicates acidosis, often related to metabolic issues.

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    Partially compensated metabolic acidosis

    Low pH and HCO₃, with some respiratory compensation present.

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    pH: 7.37

    Slightly acidic but can be misleading as it hovers normal.

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    Uncompensated metabolic acidosis from diarrhea

    Acidosis state with low HCO₃ and normal pH; no compensation is evident.

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    pH: 7.31

    Low pH, suggesting severe acidosis, likely from respiratory failure.

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    Partially compensated respiratory acidosis

    Low pH with high PaCO₂ and elevated HCO₃ indicating partial compensation.

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    pH: 7.20

    Indicates very severe acidosis, requiring prompt intervention.

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    Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis from anxiety

    High pH with low PaCO₂; indicates anxiety-induced hyperventilation effect.

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    pH: 7.38 (COPD)

    Normal pH with respiratory acidosis; compensatory mechanisms at work.

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    pH: 7.29 (DKA)

    Acidosis due to diabetic ketoacidosis; relates to low bicarbonate levels.

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    PaCO₂ of 60 mmHg

    Indicates respiratory failure or severe CO₂ retention; high level present.

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    HCO₃ of 14 mEq/L

    Dangerously low; correlates with metabolic acidosis states.

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    Uncompensated metabolic acidosis from renal failure

    Acidosis with low bicarbonate; severe implications for renal patients.

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    pH: 7.55

    High pH suggesting respiratory alkalosis, potentially from hyperventilation.

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    Fully compensated respiratory acidosis (chronic respiratory failure)

    Normal pH when kidneys effectively compensate for respiratory acidosis.

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    Patient with prolonged NG suctioning

    Often leads to metabolic alkalosis given the loss of acidic gastric content.

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    pH: 7.60 from panic attack

    High pH indicates respiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation due to anxiety or panic.

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    Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis from prolonged vomiting

    High HCO₃ from stomach content loss, with abnormal pH still present.

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    Severe dehydration and its acid base balance

    High pH indicating alkalosis, with potential compensatory responses seen.

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    Fully compensated metabolic acidosis in renal failure

    Normal pH with underlying low HCO₃; showcases respiratory system compensation.

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    Type of acid-base disorder due to asthma

    Often presents as respiratory issues, typically high CO₂ levels.

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    Septic shock effects on acid-base values

    Low pH and bicarbonate indicate severe compromise, needing urgent care.

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    Study Notes

    ABG Analysis Practice Quiz - Study Notes

    • Acid-Base Imbalance Identification: ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) values are used to diagnose acid-base imbalances. Key components include pH, PaCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide), and HCO3 (bicarbonate).

    • pH Interpretation:

      • Low pH (<7.35) indicates acidosis.
      • High pH (>7.45) indicates alkalosis.

    • PaCO2 Interpretation:

      • High PaCO2 suggests respiratory acidosis.
      • Low PaCO2 suggests respiratory alkalosis.

    • HCO3 Interpretation:

      • Low HCO3 suggests metabolic acidosis.
      • High HCO3 suggests metabolic alkalosis.

    • Compensation: The body attempts to compensate for imbalances. Full compensation results in a normal pH, whereas partially compensated indicates ongoing abnormal pH.

    • Examples (from provided data):

      • Respiratory Acidosis: High PaCO2, low pH (e.g., Patient with COPD, elevated PaCO2 of 55 mmHg, pH of 7.38); compensation indicated by elevated HCO3 (e.g., HCO3 of 30 mEq/L).
      • Metabolic Acidosis: Low HCO3, low pH (e.g., Patient with kidney disease, low HCO3 of 18 mEq/L, pH of 7.29); compensation indicated by a low PaCO2 (e.g., PaCO2 of 37 mmHg).
      • Respiratory Alkalosis: Low PaCO2, high pH (e.g., Anxiety, low PaCO2 of 30 mmHg, pH 7.52); indicates no compensation HCO3 is normal (e.g., 24 mEq/L).
      • Metabolic Alkalosis: High HCO3, high pH (e.g., Vomiting, high HCO3 of 30 mEq/L, pH 7.50); possible compensation indicated by compensatory increase in PaCO2 (e.g., PaCO2 47 mmHg).

    • Important Considerations: Each case needs a full assessment for diagnosis; not just relying on the single value provided in the questions.

    • Additional Key Concepts:

      • Uncompensated: Imbalances in which the body has not yet started to compensate.
      • Partially Compensated: Imbalances in which compensation has begun but has not fully corrected the pH to within the normal range.
      • Fully Compensated: pH is within normal range. The body's attempts at compensation have restored a normal pH.

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    ABG Practice Quiz PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on Acid-Base Imbalance identification through this ABG Analysis Practice Quiz. Understand key components such as pH, PaCO2, and HCO3 interpretations, as well as the body's compensatory mechanisms. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of ABG values critical in clinical settings.

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