ABG Analysis Practice Quiz

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Questions and Answers

A patient presents with the following ABG values: • pH: 7.30 • PaCO2: 50 mmHg • HCO3: 24 mEq/L What is the patient's acid-base imbalance?

  • Uncompensated respiratory acidosis (correct)
  • Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
  • Fully compensated respiratory acidosis
  • Uncompensated metabolic acidosis

A patient with kidney disease has the following ABG values: • pH: 7.29 • PaCO2: 37 mmHg • HCO3: 18 mEq/L What is the acid-base disorder?

  • Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
  • Fully compensated metabolic acidosis
  • Partially compensated respiratory acidosis
  • Uncompensated metabolic acidosis (correct)

A patient experiencing prolonged vomiting has the following ABG values: • pH: 7.50 • PaCO2: 47 mmHg • HCO3: 30 mEq/L What is the acid-base disorder?

  • Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
  • Partially compensated respiratory acidosis
  • Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis (correct)
  • Fully compensated respiratory alkalosis

A patient with chronic COPD presents with the following ABG values: • pH: 7.38 • PaCO2: 55 mmHg • HCO3: 30 mEq/L What is the acid-base imbalance?

<p>Fully compensated respiratory acidosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is hyperventilating due to anxiety. ABG values: • pH: 7.52 • PaCO2: 30 mmHg • HCO3: 24 mEq/L What is the acid-base disorder?

<p>Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with DKA presents with ABG values: • pH: 7.25 • PaCO2: 30 mmHg • HCO3: 16 mEq/L

<p>Partially compensated metabolic acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with kidney failure has ABG values: • pH: 7.37 • PaCO2: 30 mmHg • HCO3: 18 mEq/L

<p>Fully compensated metabolic acidosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with severe diarrhea has ABG values: • pH: 7.20 • PaCO2: 38 mmHg • HCO3: 14 mEq/L

<p>Uncompensated metabolic acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with asthma exacerbation has ABG values: • pH: 7.31 • PaCO2: 58 mmHg • HCO3: 28 mEq/L

<p>Partially compensated respiratory acidosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with vomiting for 3 days has ABG values: • pH: 7.48 • PaCO2: 50 mmHg • HCO3: 32 mEq/L

<p>Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with pneumonia has the following ABG values: • pH: 7.28 • PaCO2: 55 mmHg • HCO3: 26 mEq/L What is the acid-base imbalance?

<p>Uncompensated respiratory acidosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with chronic renal failure has these ABG values: • pH: 7.35 • PaCO2: 30 mmHg • HCO3: 18 mEq/L

<p>Fully compensated metabolic acidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient experiencing an overdose on sedatives has these ABG values: • pH: 7.25 • PaCO2: 60 mmHg • HCO3: 28 mEq/L

<p>Partially compensated respiratory acidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient in septic shock has the following ABG values: • pH: 7.20 • PaCO2: 29 mmHg • HCO3: 14 mEq/L

<p>Partially compensated metabolic acidosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient who is hyperventilating due to pain has these ABG values: • pH: 7.55 • PaCO2: 28 mmHg • HCO3: 24 mEq/L

<p>Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with prolonged NG suctioning has these ABG values: • pH: 7.51 • PaCO2: 48 mmHg • HCO3: 34 mEq/L

<p>Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with severe dehydration has these ABG values: • pH: 7.48 • PaCO2: 44 mmHg • HCO3: 31 mEq/L

<p>Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with chronic emphysema has these ABG values: • pH: 7.38 • PaCO2: 56 mmHg • HCO3: 32 mEq/L

<p>Fully compensated respiratory acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient suffering from a panic attack has these ABG values: • pH: 7.60 • PaCO2: 22 mmHg • HCO3: 24 mEq/L

<p>Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient in renal failure presents with the following ABG values: • pH: 7.32 • PaCO2: 30 mmHg • HCO3: 18 mEq/L

<p>Partially compensated metabolic acidosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Acid-base imbalance

A disruption in the normal pH balance of the body.

pH: 7.30

Indicates a low pH, suggesting acidosis.

PaCOâ‚‚: 50 mmHg

Elevated level indicating potential respiratory acidosis.

HCO₃: 24 mEq/L

Bicarbonate level indicating no compensation; normal range is 22-26 mEq/L.

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Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

Acidosis due to respiratory issues with no compensation; decreased pH, increased PaCOâ‚‚.

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pH: 7.29

Indicates severe acidosis in this context.

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HCO₃: 18 mEq/L

Low HCO₃ suggests metabolic acidosis.

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Uncompensated metabolic acidosis

Acidosis due to metabolic causes with no respiratory compensation; low pH and low HCO₃.

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pH: 7.50

Indicates alkalosis in this context.

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Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis

Alkalosis with an increase in HCO₃; pH is high with abnormal PaCO₂ levels trying to compensate.

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pH: 7.38

Slightly acidic but within a normal range.

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Fully compensated respiratory acidosis

Normal pH due to effective renal compensation for elevated PaCOâ‚‚.

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pH: 7.52

Indicates significant alkalosis.

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Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis

High pH with low PaCO₂ and normal HCO₃; indicates lack of compensation.

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pH: 7.25

Low pH indicates acidosis, often related to metabolic issues.

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Partially compensated metabolic acidosis

Low pH and HCO₃, with some respiratory compensation present.

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pH: 7.37

Slightly acidic but can be misleading as it hovers normal.

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Uncompensated metabolic acidosis from diarrhea

Acidosis state with low HCO₃ and normal pH; no compensation is evident.

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pH: 7.31

Low pH, suggesting severe acidosis, likely from respiratory failure.

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Partially compensated respiratory acidosis

Low pH with high PaCO₂ and elevated HCO₃ indicating partial compensation.

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pH: 7.20

Indicates very severe acidosis, requiring prompt intervention.

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Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis from anxiety

High pH with low PaCOâ‚‚; indicates anxiety-induced hyperventilation effect.

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pH: 7.38 (COPD)

Normal pH with respiratory acidosis; compensatory mechanisms at work.

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pH: 7.29 (DKA)

Acidosis due to diabetic ketoacidosis; relates to low bicarbonate levels.

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PaCOâ‚‚ of 60 mmHg

Indicates respiratory failure or severe COâ‚‚ retention; high level present.

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HCO₃ of 14 mEq/L

Dangerously low; correlates with metabolic acidosis states.

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Uncompensated metabolic acidosis from renal failure

Acidosis with low bicarbonate; severe implications for renal patients.

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pH: 7.55

High pH suggesting respiratory alkalosis, potentially from hyperventilation.

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Fully compensated respiratory acidosis (chronic respiratory failure)

Normal pH when kidneys effectively compensate for respiratory acidosis.

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Patient with prolonged NG suctioning

Often leads to metabolic alkalosis given the loss of acidic gastric content.

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pH: 7.60 from panic attack

High pH indicates respiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation due to anxiety or panic.

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Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis from prolonged vomiting

High HCO₃ from stomach content loss, with abnormal pH still present.

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Severe dehydration and its acid base balance

High pH indicating alkalosis, with potential compensatory responses seen.

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Fully compensated metabolic acidosis in renal failure

Normal pH with underlying low HCO₃; showcases respiratory system compensation.

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Type of acid-base disorder due to asthma

Often presents as respiratory issues, typically high COâ‚‚ levels.

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Septic shock effects on acid-base values

Low pH and bicarbonate indicate severe compromise, needing urgent care.

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Study Notes

ABG Analysis Practice Quiz - Study Notes

  • Acid-Base Imbalance Identification: ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) values are used to diagnose acid-base imbalances. Key components include pH, PaCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide), and HCO3 (bicarbonate).

  • pH Interpretation:

    • Low pH (<7.35) indicates acidosis.
    • High pH (>7.45) indicates alkalosis.

  • PaCO2 Interpretation:

    • High PaCO2 suggests respiratory acidosis.
    • Low PaCO2 suggests respiratory alkalosis.

  • HCO3 Interpretation:

    • Low HCO3 suggests metabolic acidosis.
    • High HCO3 suggests metabolic alkalosis.

  • Compensation: The body attempts to compensate for imbalances. Full compensation results in a normal pH, whereas partially compensated indicates ongoing abnormal pH.

  • Examples (from provided data):

    • Respiratory Acidosis: High PaCO2, low pH (e.g., Patient with COPD, elevated PaCO2 of 55 mmHg, pH of 7.38); compensation indicated by elevated HCO3 (e.g., HCO3 of 30 mEq/L).
    • Metabolic Acidosis: Low HCO3, low pH (e.g., Patient with kidney disease, low HCO3 of 18 mEq/L, pH of 7.29); compensation indicated by a low PaCO2 (e.g., PaCO2 of 37 mmHg).
    • Respiratory Alkalosis: Low PaCO2, high pH (e.g., Anxiety, low PaCO2 of 30 mmHg, pH 7.52); indicates no compensation HCO3 is normal (e.g., 24 mEq/L).
    • Metabolic Alkalosis: High HCO3, high pH (e.g., Vomiting, high HCO3 of 30 mEq/L, pH 7.50); possible compensation indicated by compensatory increase in PaCO2 (e.g., PaCO2 47 mmHg).

  • Important Considerations: Each case needs a full assessment for diagnosis; not just relying on the single value provided in the questions.

  • Additional Key Concepts:

    • Uncompensated: Imbalances in which the body has not yet started to compensate.
    • Partially Compensated: Imbalances in which compensation has begun but has not fully corrected the pH to within the normal range.
    • Fully Compensated: pH is within normal range. The body's attempts at compensation have restored a normal pH.

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