Module 1 - Web Programming Using PHP

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Questions and Answers

Define the relationship between the Internet and the World Wide Web.

The Internet is the infrastructure that enables connectivity, while the World Wide Web is a service that operates on that infrastructure, allowing access to information.

What are the primary functions of the Internet?

The Internet enables various services including email, file transfer, and web browsing.

Who created the World Wide Web and in which year?

Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web in 1989.

What protocol is primarily used for communication on the World Wide Web?

The primary protocol used is HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol). Signup and view all the answers

Identify the components that comprise the World Wide Web.

The components include websites, web pages, and web applications. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a client in the client-server model?

A client is a device or program that requests services from a server for web documents. Signup and view all the answers

How does a server differ from a client in a web context?

A server provides functionality to other programs, processing requests from clients and sending back information. Signup and view all the answers

What are some services beyond the web that the Internet supports?

The Internet supports services such as email, VoIP, and file sharing. Signup and view all the answers

Why is an Internet connection necessary to access web content?

An Internet connection is essential because the web relies on the Internet's infrastructure for functionality. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of the client-server approach in web architecture.

The client-server approach is significant as it allows clients to request information and servers to process and deliver that information efficiently. Signup and view all the answers

What role does a web server play in the process of accessing a website?

A web server processes network requests from users and serves them the files that create web pages via HTTP. Signup and view all the answers

How do dynamic and static webpages differ in their content delivery?

Static webpages deliver fixed content, while dynamic webpages can change content based on user interaction and other factors. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the function of a domain name in the context of internet navigation.

A domain name serves as the address to a website, allowing users to access specific sites by typing the name in a browser. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) in web communications?

HTTP is the protocol used for transmitting files between clients and web servers, facilitating web page requests and responses. Signup and view all the answers

In what ways can organizations utilize websites and webpages for their operations?

Organizations can use websites to provide information, services, and interactive features like e-commerce, enhancing user engagement. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the Domain Name System's (DNS) role in connecting a domain name to its web server.

The DNS translates domain names into IP addresses, enabling browsers to locate and access the corresponding web servers. Signup and view all the answers

What are application layer protocols, and why are they important?

Application layer protocols are rules that govern data transmission between applications on different devices, ensuring effective communication. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between interactive and static websites in terms of user experience.

Interactive websites engage users with dynamic content and functionalities, while static websites provide a fixed set of information. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of web pages within a website?

Web pages are individual documents within a website that provide specific content, often linked together for navigation. Signup and view all the answers

How does a web server fulfill a client's request for webpage content?

The web server receives the HTTP request, processes it, and sends back the necessary files for the requested webpage. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the user-agent play in HTTP communications?

The user-agent, typically a web browser, requests resources from a server using the HTTP protocol. Signup and view all the answers

How does FTP differ from HTTP in terms of its primary function?

FTP primarily focuses on transferring files between local and remote systems, while HTTP is designed for loading web pages. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the purpose of the Domain Name System (DNS).

DNS translates domain names into IP addresses, enabling the identification and location of computer services within networks. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of SMTP in email communication?

SMTP is responsible for sending emails between servers across the internet. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between POP and IMAP regarding email retrieval.

POP downloads emails from the server to a local client, while IMAP allows users to access emails directly on the server without downloading them. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the client-server architecture of the World Wide Web.

The Web operates on a 2-tier client-server architecture where the browser acts as a client that requests content from a server. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of hypertext links in HTTP?

Hypertext links in HTTP allow users to navigate between web pages seamlessly. Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario would you use Telnet, and what does it enable?

Telnet is used for accessing remote computers, allowing users to sign in as if they were physically present. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes application layer protocols like FTP and SMTP from network layer protocols?

Application layer protocols provide specific services (like file transfer or email), while network layer protocols manage data transmission across networks. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to have protocols like HTTP, FTP, and SMTP in the context of internet services?

These protocols standardize how data is transmitted and accessed, ensuring reliable communication across various internet services. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Module 1 - CA4CRT13 - Web Programming Using PHP

The module covers web programming using PHP.

Syllabus

Introduction to the web
WWW architecture
Fundamentals of HTML
Text formatting tags, marquees
Inserting images, links, lists
Creating tables
Frames
Working with form elements

Internet

Definition: A global network of interconnected computers that communicate through standardized protocols. It's the underlying infrastructure for enabling data exchange
Functionality: Enables various services, including email, file transfer, and web browsing.

Web/WWW/W3

Definition: A system of interlinked hypertext documents and multimedia content, accessed via the internet using web browsers.
Components: Includes websites, web pages and web applications, created using languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
Functionality: Enables users to access and share information via hyperlinks, facilitating navigation between pages and resources.

WWW History

Created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 at CERN in Geneva.
Works on a client-server approach.
Uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

Relationship Between Internet and Web

Dependency: The web relies on the internet for functionality. Internet connection is needed to access web content.
Scope: The internet encompasses a wider array of services beyond the web (e.g., email, VoIP, file sharing), whereas the web focuses on the content and services accessed via browsers.
Summary: The internet provides the infrastructure for connectivity, while the World Wide Web is a service operating on that infrastructure, facilitating information and resource access.

Client and Server

Client: Can be a device or machine, typically running client software that requests services from a server. A web browser is an example. The client program runs on the local computer. It is a finite program
Server: A program providing functionality to other programs. Receives requests from clients, processes them, and sends responses. High efficiency, performance, and support for multiple user login and request processing are crucial server features. Handles complex tasks like fulfilling requests, storing data and processing datasets.

Web Server

Description: A program processing network requests from users and serving files to create web pages. This exchange uses the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
Example: When you want to access Facebook, your laptop sends an HTTP request to the Facebook web server.
Function: The web server (a computer) holds all website files. After processing a request, the web server sends the relevant website files to your computer.

Website

Description: A collection of web pages grouped together; often handled by an organization and accessible anytime, anywhere via the internet.
Linking: Web pages are linked using hyperlinks.
Types: Websites can be static (content unchanged) or interactive (content changing).

Webpage

Description: A single document displayed in web browsers (e.g., Firefox, Chrome, Opera).
URL: Each webpage has a unique URL.
Types: Can be static or dynamic.

Static vs. Dynamic Web Pages

Static: Content remains the same until manually changed. Simple, load quickly. Typically no database utilized. Written in languages like HTML, JavaScript, and CSS.
Dynamic: Content changes for different users. More complex, load slower. Utilize databases.

Domain Name

Definition: The name of a website or site.
Example: In the URL "https://www.example.com", "example.com" is the domain name.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

Components: Protocol, domain name, top-level domain (TLD) and sometimes a subdomain.
Function: Used to uniquely identify websites.

Domain Name System (DNS)

Definition: A hierarchical and distributed naming system for computers, services, and Internet resources/IP networks.
Function: Translates domain names into IP addresses, enabling location and identification of computer services/devices.

Protocol

Definition: A set of rules for transmitting data between electronic devices. Essential for communication.
Agreement: To exchange information, computers need a common set of rules (protocols).

Application Layer Protocols

Used by applications running on various devices to communicate.
Support essential web services like email, browsing, and file transfers. Define data structure and content.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

The foundational protocol of the World Wide Web.
Enables web client and server communication, loading pages via hypertext links.
The user agent is typically a web browser.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

An application layer protocol for transferring files between local and remote systems.

DNS (Domain Name System)

A hierarchical and distributed naming system. Translates domain names to IP addresses.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

Used for sending emails between servers.

POP & IMAP (Post Office Protocol & Internet Message Access Protocol)

Used to retrieve emails from a server to a local client.

Telnet

Enables users to access distant computers remotely.

Architecture of WWW

2-Tier Architecture: Client-server architecture where the browser acts as the client.
Request Processing: Browsers send requests to the server to access web pages. The server responds with the requested page and additional information.

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Description

This quiz covers the foundational concepts of web programming using PHP as outlined in Module 1 of the CA4CRT13 syllabus. Explore topics such as HTML fundamentals, web architecture, and form elements to enhance your web development skills.