Module 1: Understanding Randomized Controlled Trials in Sports Medicine

What is the primary method of heat loss during exercise when the body is in contact with a cold substance?

What is the best way to prevent heat loss through conduction?

What is the primary method of heat loss during exercise when the body is not in contact with a cold substance?

What is the term for the transmission of heat energy from a source?

What is the primary method of heat loss through sweating?

What is the condition characterized by a serum or plasma sodium concentration below 135 mmol/L?

What is the term for the superficial and deep freezing of the tissues?

What is the primary goal of acclimatization to heat?

What is the recommended treatment for hypothermia?

What is the term for the occurrence of hyponatremia during or up to 24 hours after prolonged physical activity?

What is the main advantage of a crossover design in a study?

What is the primary difference between asthma and exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB)?

What is the main benefit of a meta-analysis in evidence-based sport medicine?

What is the main limitation of a cross-sectional survey in evidence-based sport medicine?

What is the primary benefit of having a good warm-up before exercise in individuals with exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB)?

What is the main difference between EILO and asthma?

What is the effect of diesel exhaust and traffic-related air pollution on cardiovascular health?

What is the effect of ozone exposure on lung function during exercise?

What is a key strategy to reduce the effects of pollution during exercise?

What is the main benefit of a hybrid laboratory/ambient model in pollution research?

What is the main reason for the significant decrease in aerobic capacity at altitude?

What is the primary advantage of cohort studies over RCTs?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of heat loss?

What is the main difference between functional and structural blood flow limitations?

What is EIB, and what are the symptoms?

What is the definition of doping in the context of athletic competition?

What is the primary reason why athletes may dope?

What are the two categories of frostbite based on severity?

What is the primary mechanism by which exercise can cause EIB in susceptible individuals?

What is the term for the condition in which an athlete feels 'tired' and 'down', and is not interested in training or school?

What is the primary purpose of making decompression stops during a dive?

What percentage of energy expenditure is accounted for by basal metabolic rate?

What type of diving equipment does not capture the breath exhaled by the diver?

What is the term used to describe the health consequences of relative energy deficiency in sport?

What is the primary goal of treatment for RED-S?

What is the term for the type of injury that can occur when a diver fails to equalize the air space in their mask during descent?

What type of diving is commonly used for working on underwater structures and takes a longer period of time?

What is the law that states that the pressure of a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant temperature?

What happens to the volume of air in a bucket as it is lowered to 10m of depth?

What is the reason for not holding your breath while diving?

What is the condition characterized by a low level of carbon dioxide in the blood, leading to a blackout?

What is the primary purpose of a rebreather in diving?

What is the term used to describe the feeling of needing to breathe when the carbon dioxide level in the blood reaches a certain threshold?

What is the effect of reducing the amount of CO2 in the blood through hyperventilation before a dive?

What is the term used to describe the passing out while underwater, often leading to drowning or other serious consequences?

What is the primary method of assessing the risk of RED-S in athletes?

What is the primary cause of Decompression Sickness?

What is the term that encompasses both Decompression Sickness and Arterial Gas Embolism?

What is the cause of blood to extravasate to squeeze outside the vessels into the sclera of the eye?

What is the recommended treatment for Decompression Sickness?

What is the condition characterized by airway obstruction, which can lead to gas trapping and pulmonary barotrauma?

Who is most at risk of experiencing ear squeeze?

What is the characteristic appearance of the sinus in a sinus squeeze?

What is the recommended treatment for Immersion Pulmonary Edema?

What is the primary function of the sinus?

What is the symptom of Arterial Gas Embolism that affects the heart?

What is the risk factor for Decompression Sickness?

What is the term for gas trapping that can lead to pulmonary barotrauma?

What is the definition of overtraining?

What is the outcome of patients with severe Decompression Sickness who receive treatment?

What is the condition characterized by joint pains and paralysis?

What is the primary symptom of overtraining?

What is the principle behind Henry's Law?

What is the recommended method of preventing overtraining?

What is the primary purpose of an athlete journal?

What is the term for the time it takes to exhaustion during constant velocity?

What is a characteristic of overreaching?

What is the primary difference between functional and non-functional overreaching?

What is the purpose of cross-training in unrelated activities during overreaching?

How long does it typically take to recover from overtraining?

What is the result of non-functional overreaching?

What is the common factor between overreaching and overtraining?

What is the main effect of anabolic agents on the body?

Which method is known for the introduction of new genes in gene doping?

What is the primary risk associated with erythropoietin analogues?

What is a common risk associated with homologous blood doping?

In the context of gene doping, what is the primary role of DNA as a vector?

What are the main risks associated with the blood passport program?

Which category of supplements is most commonly contaminated with unlisted substances?

What can consuming meat from certain regions lead to for athletes?

What is RED-S as related to athletes?

What is a risk specifically highlighted regarding unapproved pharmaceuticals in supplements?