Podcast
Questions and Answers
Platforms like Amazon and Alibaba enable small and medium-sized businesses to reach global ______.
Platforms like Amazon and Alibaba enable small and medium-sized businesses to reach global ______.
markets
The balance of economic power is shifting towards emerging economies like ______.
The balance of economic power is shifting towards emerging economies like ______.
China
Digital globalization introduces challenges such as inequality, job ______, and competition for talent.
Digital globalization introduces challenges such as inequality, job ______, and competition for talent.
displacement
Digital ______, such as data localization laws, poses a threat to global connectivity.
Digital ______, such as data localization laws, poses a threat to global connectivity.
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Governments must invest in robust broadband networks and digital skills ______.
Governments must invest in robust broadband networks and digital skills ______.
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To counter the backlash against globalization, policies must ensure benefits are distributed ______.
To counter the backlash against globalization, policies must ensure benefits are distributed ______.
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Companies need to develop global talent strategies and ______ operations to meet consumer demands.
Companies need to develop global talent strategies and ______ operations to meet consumer demands.
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Globalization is transforming into a digital-centric ______.
Globalization is transforming into a digital-centric ______.
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Coordinated efforts included spreading fake news, such as #______, to manipulate public perception.
Coordinated efforts included spreading fake news, such as #______, to manipulate public perception.
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One method of trend manipulation is called ______, which diverts attention from legitimate topics to propaganda.
One method of trend manipulation is called ______, which diverts attention from legitimate topics to propaganda.
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Fake news and disinformation undermine trust in ______, thus creating a more polarized society.
Fake news and disinformation undermine trust in ______, thus creating a more polarized society.
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Polarization creates rigid group identities, reducing ______ differences within society.
Polarization creates rigid group identities, reducing ______ differences within society.
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The impact of polarization can threaten democratic norms and ______.
The impact of polarization can threaten democratic norms and ______.
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Social identity theory explains in-group loyalty and out-group ______.
Social identity theory explains in-group loyalty and out-group ______.
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Contemporary polarization is not merely ideological but also includes cultural and ______-based divisions.
Contemporary polarization is not merely ideological but also includes cultural and ______-based divisions.
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Governments require proactive strategies to counter ______, including enhanced digital defenses.
Governments require proactive strategies to counter ______, including enhanced digital defenses.
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The Cold War saw two competing blocs with distinct governance and economic ______.
The Cold War saw two competing blocs with distinct governance and economic ______.
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Interdependence and rivalry are likely to overlap in trade and environmental ______.
Interdependence and rivalry are likely to overlap in trade and environmental ______.
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Many states, particularly in Southeast Asia, may attempt to avoid full ______ with either order.
Many states, particularly in Southeast Asia, may attempt to avoid full ______ with either order.
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The Liberal International Order must regain strength and internal ______ to compete effectively.
The Liberal International Order must regain strength and internal ______ to compete effectively.
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Steven Pinker reflects on the decline of ______ throughout human history.
Steven Pinker reflects on the decline of ______ throughout human history.
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The historical processes driving the decline of violence include the Pacification Process and the Humanitarian ______.
The historical processes driving the decline of violence include the Pacification Process and the Humanitarian ______.
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Pinker argues that the reduction of violence is not a guaranteed trajectory but the result of specific social, cultural, and material ______.
Pinker argues that the reduction of violence is not a guaranteed trajectory but the result of specific social, cultural, and material ______.
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Evidence for the decline of violence includes reduced homicide rates and the abolition of ______.
Evidence for the decline of violence includes reduced homicide rates and the abolition of ______.
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An international system of states with fixed borders deprives states of their greatest incentives to develop strong institutions due to external threats to their territorial ______.
An international system of states with fixed borders deprives states of their greatest incentives to develop strong institutions due to external threats to their territorial ______.
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Without territorial threats, a coherent in-group identity and loyalty to the state are difficult to establish, leading to challenges in ______ cooperation.
Without territorial threats, a coherent in-group identity and loyalty to the state are difficult to establish, leading to challenges in ______ cooperation.
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The spillover of internal strife can lead to weak states becoming a source of international ______.
The spillover of internal strife can lead to weak states becoming a source of international ______.
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The ‘kin-country syndrome’ can result in civil strife leading to international war, as observed in ______.
The ‘kin-country syndrome’ can result in civil strife leading to international war, as observed in ______.
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Weak and/or failed states are often described as ready havens for violent ______ actors.
Weak and/or failed states are often described as ready havens for violent ______ actors.
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Rebels from one state may use the territory of another state if the latter is ______ of stopping them.
Rebels from one state may use the territory of another state if the latter is ______ of stopping them.
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After the Iran-Iraq War, both countries supported the other’s opposition groups due to their ______ relationship.
After the Iran-Iraq War, both countries supported the other’s opposition groups due to their ______ relationship.
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External sanctuaries in neighboring countries provide an opportunity for rebel ______.
External sanctuaries in neighboring countries provide an opportunity for rebel ______.
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Current-generation drones (UAVs) introduce unique capabilities but are unlikely to cause the dramatic consequences often feared due to their varying impact depending on the ______.
Current-generation drones (UAVs) introduce unique capabilities but are unlikely to cause the dramatic consequences often feared due to their varying impact depending on the ______.
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Drones enhance governments' ability to track and eliminate terrorists in uncontested ______.
Drones enhance governments' ability to track and eliminate terrorists in uncontested ______.
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Drones lower the cost and risk of military action by removing ______ from harm's way.
Drones lower the cost and risk of military action by removing ______ from harm's way.
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In contested airspace, drones have limited utility due to their vulnerability to ______ systems.
In contested airspace, drones have limited utility due to their vulnerability to ______ systems.
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Drones are useful for authoritarian regimes to monitor and suppress ______.
Drones are useful for authoritarian regimes to monitor and suppress ______.
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The Stuxnet computer worm is heralded as the first instance of a cyberattack causing physical damage across international ______.
The Stuxnet computer worm is heralded as the first instance of a cyberattack causing physical damage across international ______.
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The Cyber Revolution thesis claims that cyberattacks offer ______ significant advantages.
The Cyber Revolution thesis claims that cyberattacks offer ______ significant advantages.
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According to Lindsay, strong actors gain more advantages from cyber ______ than weaker ones.
According to Lindsay, strong actors gain more advantages from cyber ______ than weaker ones.
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Stuxnet targeted Iran's Natanz nuclear enrichment facility, which was critical for ______ enrichment.
Stuxnet targeted Iran's Natanz nuclear enrichment facility, which was critical for ______ enrichment.
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Stuxnet was introduced via ______ drives to infiltrate industrial control systems.
Stuxnet was introduced via ______ drives to infiltrate industrial control systems.
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The worm was designed to damage specific ______ while avoiding detection.
The worm was designed to damage specific ______ while avoiding detection.
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Stuxnet demonstrated the limitations of cyberattacks as strategic tools by delaying Iran’s enrichment capabilities temporarily for about ______ year.
Stuxnet demonstrated the limitations of cyberattacks as strategic tools by delaying Iran’s enrichment capabilities temporarily for about ______ year.
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The strategic implications of Stuxnet highlight the technological and resource advantages of stronger ______ like the U.S. and Israel.
The strategic implications of Stuxnet highlight the technological and resource advantages of stronger ______ like the U.S. and Israel.
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The study on rumors in conflict zones introduces a framework with three primary factors—worldview, threat perception, and ______—that determine rumor receptivity.
The study on rumors in conflict zones introduces a framework with three primary factors—worldview, threat perception, and ______—that determine rumor receptivity.
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The research debunks the conventional views that socioeconomic status or ______ play a significant role in rumor adoption.
The research debunks the conventional views that socioeconomic status or ______ play a significant role in rumor adoption.
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Cyberattacks have significant operational and strategic ______.
Cyberattacks have significant operational and strategic ______.
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Study Notes
Modern Insecurity & Its Solutions
- Kaplan's "The Coming Anarchy" discusses the collapse of West African nations (Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast) due to failing governance, rising crime, and lawlessness.
- Traditional community structures are dissolving, leading to slums and violence.
- Kaplan connects local issues to widespread problems like environmental degradation, overcrowding, and scarce resources.
- The region is a precursor to future global instability (like the Balkans).
- Predictions indicate increased chaos as colonial powers withdraw and populations surge.
- States lack the authority to protect resources from themselves.
- "Criminal anarchy emerges as the real 'strategic' danger."
Terror in the Weather
- Dixon's op-ed in The New York Times highlights climate change as a significant threat to international security.
- The article is backed by a recent United Nations Security Council debate.
- While many recognize the implications, skeptics question the relevance.
- Evidence suggests climate-induced challenges can rival historical security threats.
- Climate change can fuel conflict, through resource scarcity, migration, and social unrest.
- Without immediate action, climate change exacerbates poverty, destabilizes governments, and fosters extremism.
- Ecological disasters are a national security threat.
Failed States
- States must provide basic political goods (security, justice, economics, health, education).
- Failed states lack the capacity to deliver these essentials, resulting in violence and social fragmentation.
- Rotberg distinguishes between strong, weak, failed, and collapsed states based on capabilities.
- Indicators of state failure include declining economic performance, corruption, ethnic tension, human rights abuses, and heightened violence.
Weak States and Global Threats
- International concern grows over weak and failing states serving as breeding grounds for transnational threats (terrorism, crime, pandemics, WMD proliferation).
- Weak states can face significant capacity deficits in political, security, economic, and social domains.
- Policy responses should tailor interventions to specific governance gaps and transnational threats.
- International collaboration is crucial to address state failure's diverse causes and consequences.
Economic Collapse
- The current monetary system relies on the dollar and euro as cornerstones.
- These currencies dominate foreign exchange reserves, facilitating global trade and investment.
- Growing doubts exist about the long-term stability of both currencies due to political and structural challenges.
- The US debt-ceiling crisis exposed political divisions and questioned fiscal responsibility.
- The Eurozone faces economic divides, questioning the future of its monetary union.
Transnational Rebels
- Weak rebels are undeterred by stronger states due to political and institutional weaknesses within the target states.
- Rebels may find safe havens in politically unstable neighboring states.
- State failure can host violent transnational actors.
Killer Robots
- Current-generation drones (UAVs) offer unique yet limited capabilities, potentially impacting counterterrorism efforts, but with varying impact depending on context.
- Drones may be useful for surveillance but less advantageous for direct combat in interstate conflict situations.
- Drones can aid in limited military action and, more generally, in surveillance or monitoring efforts.
Cyber Warfare
- Cyberattacks offer weaker actors advantages, but strong states still retain advantages.
- Offensive cyber operations are potentially easier than defensive operations, but the complexity of cyber attacks makes offensive operations challenging.
- Cyber operations are most viable when deterrence is intact.
Rumor and Social Media
- Cultural and worldview, threat perception, and repetition influence rumor receptivity in conflict zones.
- Rumors are pervasive in unstable areas; they drive violence, ethnic conflict, and distrust.
- Social media amplifies rumors, creating echo chambers and escalating conflict.
Polarization and Democracy
- Severe political and societal polarization can undermine democracies globally.
- Polarization aligns societal differences into a binary "Us vs. Them" dynamic, eroding trust and hindering compromise.
- This process destabilizes governance and endangers democratic norms and institutions.
- Examples of polarized societies include Hungary, Turkey, Venezuela, and the U.S.
The Better Angels of Our Nature
- Pinker argues that violence has decreased throughout history due to a combination of factors (empathy, reason, governance, globalization).
- The causes are specific to the socio-political, social, cultural and environmental conditions of each time period.
- These factors (forces reducing violence) include strong governance (leviathan), gentle commerce (interdependence), and feminization.
- Global interconnectedness and interdependence reduce incentives for conflict.
Why Civil Resistance Works
- Nonviolent campaigns are more successful than violent campaigns (53% vs 26%).
- Nonviolent methods can increase legitimacy and participation, thereby amplifying pressure on the target.
- Regime violence against nonviolent movements likely backfires.
De-Globalization
- Globalization is evolving, not retreating; Digital technologies are reshaping the global economy.
- Digital flows are surpassing traditional trade in significance, with platforms promoting micro-multinationalism.
- Emerging economies like China are taking the lead in e-commerce and digital infrastructure.
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Description
Explore the themes of modern insecurity as discussed by Kaplan and Dixon, focusing on West African governance failures and the threats posed by climate change to international stability. This quiz delves into the connections between local turmoil and global challenges, examining both societal and environmental factors contributing to chaos.
