Modern Physics Chapter 1 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What defines classical physics?

Includes theory of relativity

Only concerns thermodynamics

Includes quantum mechanics

Does not use quantum mechanics or relativity (correct)

What is the main aim of modern physics?

To understand interactions of matter (correct)

To prove classical mechanics

To simplify energy equations

To describe earlier physics models

What is the formula for classical kinetic energy?

K = ½mv²

What is the formula for classical momentum?

p = mv Signup and view all the answers

How is classical kinetic energy related to linear momentum?

K = p² / 2m Signup and view all the answers

What are the two fundamental conservation laws?

Conservation of Energy and Conservation of Linear Momentum Signup and view all the answers

Match the following physical quantities with their definitions:

Joule = 1 kg * m²/s² Newton = kg * m/s² Coulomb = 6.25 × 10¹⁸ electrons Watt = kg * m²s⁻³ = J/s Ampere = C/s Henry = kg m² * s⁻² * A⁻² Tesla = N/(Am) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between force and potential energy?

F = dU/dx Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for total energy?

E = U + K Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for angular momentum?

L = r × p Signup and view all the answers

Angular momentum is a conserved quantity that changes with external torque.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for classical velocity addition?

v₁₃ = v₁₂ + v₂₃ Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for Coulomb's force?

F = (1/4πε₀)(|q₁||q₂|/r²) Signup and view all the answers

What does the permittivity of free space represent?

ε₀ = 8.85 x 10⁻¹² F/m Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the magnetic field produced by a current?

B = ½µ₀i*r⁻² Signup and view all the answers

What does the magnetic moment formula express?

|µ| = iA Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit of magnetic flux?

Weber Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classical and Modern Physics

Classical physics excludes quantum mechanics and relativity; it includes Newtonian mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism.
Modern physics, starting around 1900, addresses concepts insufficiently explained by classical physics, utilizing relativity and quantum theories.

Kinetic Energy and Momentum

Classical kinetic energy formula: ( K = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 ), where ( K ) is kinetic energy, ( m ) is mass, and ( v ) is velocity.
Linear momentum is defined as ( p = mv ), where ( p ) is momentum (vector quantity), and ( v ) is velocity.
Kinetic energy can also be expressed in terms of linear momentum: ( K = \frac{p^2}{2m} ).

Fundamental Conservation Laws

Conservation of Energy: In an isolated system, total energy remains constant; energy before a collision equals energy after.
Conservation of Linear Momentum: Total linear momentum of an isolated system is constant; momentum before equals momentum after in collisions.

Units and Measurements

Joule (J): ( 1 , \text{J} = 1 , \text{kg} \cdot \text{m}^2/\text{s}^2 )
Newton (N): ( 1 , \text{N} = \text{kg} \cdot \text{m/s}^2 )
Coulomb (C): ( 1 , \text{C} = 6.25 \times 10^{18} ) electrons
Farad (F): Capacitance, ( 1 , \text{F} = Q/V )
Watt (W): Power, ( 1 , \text{W} = \text{J/s} = \text{N} \cdot \text{m/s} )
Ampere (A): ( 1 , \text{A} = C/s )
Henry (H): ( 1 , \text{H} = \text{kg} \cdot \text{m}^2 \cdot \text{s}^{-2} \cdot \text{A}^{-2} )
Tesla (T): ( 1 , \text{T} = N/(A \cdot m) = N \cdot A^{-1} \cdot m^{-1} )

Potential Energy and Forces

Force related to potential energy: ( F = \frac{dU}{dx} ), where ( U ) is potential energy.
Total energy of a system: ( E = U + K ), combining potential and kinetic energies.

Angular Momentum

Angular momentum formula: ( L = r \times p ), where ( L ) is angular momentum, ( r ) is displacement vector, and ( p ) is linear momentum vector.
Conservation of angular momentum states that this quantity remains constant unless acted upon by external torque.

Electrostatics

Coulomb's law: ( F = \frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0} \frac{|q_1||q_2|}{r^2} ), relates force between charged particles.
Permittivity of free space ( \varepsilon_0 = 8.85 \times 10^{-12} , \text{F/m} ); dielectric constant given by ( \varepsilon_r = \frac{\varepsilon_s}{\varepsilon_0} ).
Potential energy related to Coulomb force: ( U = \frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0} \frac{q_1q_2}{r} ).

Electrical Potential

Potential difference definition: ( \Delta V = \frac{\Delta U}{q} ), measuring energy change per charge between two points.

Electron-Volt

An electron-volt (eV) is the energy gained by an electron moving through a potential difference of one volt; ( 1 , \text{eV} \approx 1.609 \times 10^{-19} , \text{J} ).

Magnetic Concepts

Magnetic flux unit: Weber (Wb), causing one volt in a circuit under specific conditions.
Permeability of free space ( \mu_0 = 4\pi \times 10^{-7} , \text{H} ); measures resistance to magnetic field formation in vacuum.
Magnetic field from a current: ( B = \frac{1}{2} \mu_0 i r^{-2} ).
Magnetic moment: ( |µ| = iA ), where ( A ) is the area of a closed loop.

Additional Calculations

Electrostatic potential energies can be calculated using known constants and adjusting for atomic or nuclear scales.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 1 of Modern Physics. This quiz covers fundamental terms and definitions that differentiate classical physics from modern physics. Enhance your understanding of the basic principles that govern physical interactions.