Questions and Answers
What is the name of the architect known for founding a new style based on interpenetrating planes?
Frank Lloyd Wright
What classic elements did Wright use in the Chicago suburban houses?
What style does the Charnley House exemplify?
Inspired by Sullivan's skyscrapers
What architectural style marks the beginning of prairie style?
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What characteristic does the Willits House emphasize?
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Which characteristic is significant in the Larkin Building's design?
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What does the Unity Church's design mainly reflect?
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What main feature does the Robie House plan emphasize?
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The Robie House featured elaborate, intricate ceiling designs.
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What technology did Wright utilize in designing the Robie House?
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What style is associated with the Temple, Stuart, 1759?
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Who designed the Virginia State Capitol?
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What style does Strawberry Hill exemplify?
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Fonthill Abbey is an example of neoclassical architecture.
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What did Pugin's drawing in 'Contrasts' respond to?
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What influenced the design of the Houses of Parliament?
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Which building features both neogothic and modern architectural elements?
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What was the purpose of Haussmann's changes to Paris?
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The Eiffel Tower was built to commemorate the French Revolution.
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What was notable about the Horta House's architectural style?
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What style does the Glasgow Art School represent?
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Who studied Horta and Scottish developments to push Art Nouveau?
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Gaudi's Casa Mila is a perfect example of traditional neoclassical architecture.
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What architectural shift does the Marshall Fields building represent?
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What is the significance of the Monadnock building?
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What is Sullivan's principle embodied in the Guaranty Building?
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What distinctive feature does the Carson Pirie Scott Department Store have?
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What kind of architectural elements does the Wright House incorporate?
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Study Notes
Modern Architecture Overview
- Neoclassical style reflects the rise of the middle class during the Industrial Revolution, embracing elements of classical Greek and Roman architecture.
- Neogothic architecture emerged as a response to industrial life, emphasizing asymmetry and romanticism, appealing to human emotions and literature.
- Art Nouveau integrates nature into design, countering industrialization while celebrating technological advancements.
Key Architectural Works
Temple, Stuart, 1759
- First neoclassical building in Europe featuring Doric columns and a triangular top facade.
- Represents a shift in architecture reflecting the egalitarian ideals of ancient Greece and Rome during the rise of the middle class.
Virginia State Capitol
- Designed by Thomas Jefferson in neoclassical style with Ionic columns post-Revolutionary War.
- Aims to connect American democracy with earlier democratic ideals of classical Athens.
Strawberry Hill
- Neogothic style with pointed arches and elaborate interiors built during England’s industrial revolution.
- Symbolizes the rural escape from urban life and a revival of romanticism, focusing on emotion rather than architectural precision.
Fonthill Abbey
- A neogothic structure with ornate decorations and tall spaces, providing a refuge from city life.
- Coexists with neoclassical styles reflecting the versatility in architectural expressions of the period.
Pugin's Contrasts
- Pugin contrasts neo-Gothic architecture with neo-classical and industrial styles, criticizing London's growing industrialization.
- Advocated for a return to Christian values in architecture, condemning the secularization associated with industrial society.
Houses of Parliament
- Constructed in neogothic style after the original was destroyed by fire, showcasing Pugin’s influence.
- Represents an English governmental choice to embody religious and cultural identity through Gothic architecture.
Oxford University Science Museum
- Combines neo-Gothic exterior with modern interior, reflecting the tension between conservatism and scientific advancement.
- Presents a visual narrative of Oxford’s rich tradition in contrast to emerging modern scientific ideas.
St. Pancras Station
- Represents contradictory architectural styles—neo-Gothic façade with a modern glass and iron train shed.
- Captures the struggle between traditional styles and the new demands of industrial technology in transportation.
Haussmannization of Paris
- Baron Haussmann's redesign of Paris with wide boulevards and improved sanitation aimed to rectify overcrowding and social unrest.
- Faced resistance from residents who preferred the intimacy of narrow, congested streets; transformed public space in the city.
Eiffel Tower
- Wrought iron lattice structure built for the 1889 World’s Fair to celebrate modern Paris.
- Symbolizes engineering achievement and embodies the modernization and technological progress of the era.
Horta House
- Art Nouveau style illustrating nature through asymmetry and plant-inspired designs.
- Emphasizes a contemplative approach to architecture, responding to industrialism with natural forms.
Glasgow Art School
- Showcases a unique architectural identity with medieval influences, blending Art Nouveau with industrial materials.
- Represents a transitional style away from historicism in the late 19th century.
Paris Metro Entrance
- Features Art Nouveau arches and iron furnishings reflecting a departure from historicism.
- Demonstrates an integration of modern technology with natural forms in urban design.
Gaudí's Casa Mila
- An idiosyncratic blend of natural forms and fantastical elements, representative of Catalan identity.
- Aims to revive local architectural traditions while infusing innovations influenced by Art Nouveau.
Marshall Fields Department Store
- Combines Romanesque elements with new Chicago style architecture, paving the way for modern commercial buildings.
- Utilizes innovative design for functionality and commercial appeal in post-fire Chicago.
Monadnock Building
- Recognized as the first skyscraper with an emphasis on maximizing rental space without European ornamentation.
- Represents American innovation and independence from traditional architectural styles.
Guaranty Building
- Introduces Sullivan's skyscraper principles along with steel cage construction methods.
- Emphasizes social responsibility in design, showing the interrelationship between form and function.
Carson Pirie Scott Department Store
- Features a corner entrance with extensive glass to attract customers, illustrating Sullivan's "form follows function" philosophy.
- Reflects the commercialization and changing retail landscape of early 20th-century America.
Wright Houses
- Reshape architectural norms with geometric forms, asymmetry, and integration into the Midwest landscape.
- Showcases principles of horizontal flow and interaction with nature, supporting ideals of family connection and moral integrity.
Willits House
- A hallmark of Prairie style characterized by horizontal lines and integration with the landscape.
- Utilizes structural techniques that emphasize openness and natural elements in design.
Larkin Building
- Demonstrates Wright's open space design, focusing on functional elements expressed through architectural form.
- Reflects a modern approach to office environment tailored for the industrial context of its time.### Wright's Geometric Fascination
- Wright appreciated geometric shapes, notably the interplay between cubes and spheres.
- The architectural style of the Unity Church is reminiscent of Sullivan's Wainwright building but employs a unique inverted design.
Unity Church
- Built with uniform materials, creating a monolithic appearance that appears imposing from street level.
- Entrance is concealed behind a staircase, emphasizing a non-evangelical stance of Unitarianism.
- Design reflects the ideology of Unitarianism: monolithic structure symbolizes a singular god, square layout signifies the religion's square emblem.
- The contrast between solid outer structure and luminous interiors enhances the architectural richness.
Robie House Exterior
- Features horizontal eaves, extending outwards from a vertical core, integrating planters into the overall design.
- Utilizes long bricks with cleverly concealed vertical grout and prominent horizontal grout, promoting a seamless appearance.
- Includes a cantilevered roof and a main living area situated on the second floor with a balcony.
- One facade is intentionally blocked, while the other steps down towards open space.
- Electrical wiring is innovatively integrated through floors and features a three-car garage.
- Leaded, stained-glass windows display abstract natural motifs, harmonizing with the horizontal design.
Historical Significance of Robie House
- Publication of Robie House plans in Germany contributed to Wright's international recognition.
- Client Robie was a complex figure, balancing ruthless business acumen with a private lifestyle.
- Wright's design reconciles these contradictions, embodying Robie's personality and values.
Robie House Plan
- Design consists of two long wings that are pushed together then offset like building blocks.
- The main living and dining rooms revolve around a central fireplace, fostering a fluid space for social interaction.
- Servants' quarters and guest rooms are architecturally boxed, delineating their function and enhancing privacy.
- Wright's adaptation of Prairie style to urban settings emphasizes both openness and confinement, mirroring Robie's character.
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Description
Explore the Neoclassical architectural style through important historical insights and definitions. This flashcard quiz focuses on the Temple by Stuart, a pivotal building that reflects the rise of the middle class during the Industrial Revolution in Europe.
