Modern Architecture: Neoclassical Style
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the architect known for founding a new style based on interpenetrating planes?

Frank Lloyd Wright

What classic elements did Wright use in the Chicago suburban houses?

  • Flat roofs
  • Focal position of hearth (correct)
  • Vertical lines
  • Large windows (correct)

    • What style does the Charnley House exemplify?

    Inspired by Sullivan's skyscrapers

    What architectural style marks the beginning of prairie style?

    <p>Winslow House</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic does the Willits House emphasize?

    <p>Horizontality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is significant in the Larkin Building's design?

    <p>Open space style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Unity Church's design mainly reflect?

    <p>Monolithic structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What main feature does the Robie House plan emphasize?

    <p>Contradictory personality of the owner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Robie House featured elaborate, intricate ceiling designs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology did Wright utilize in designing the Robie House?

    <p>Steel beams from shipbuilding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What style is associated with the Temple, Stuart, 1759?

    <p>Neoclassical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who designed the Virginia State Capitol?

    <p>Thomas Jefferson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What style does Strawberry Hill exemplify?

    <p>Neogothic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fonthill Abbey is an example of neoclassical architecture.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Pugin's drawing in 'Contrasts' respond to?

    <p>Neoclassicism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influenced the design of the Houses of Parliament?

    <p>Neo gothic architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which building features both neogothic and modern architectural elements?

    <p>St. Pancras Station</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of Haussmann's changes to Paris?

    <p>Modernization and urban planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Eiffel Tower was built to commemorate the French Revolution.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was notable about the Horta House's architectural style?

    <p>Art Nouveau featuring natural forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What style does the Glasgow Art School represent?

    <p>Art Nouveau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who studied Horta and Scottish developments to push Art Nouveau?

    <p>Guimard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gaudi's Casa Mila is a perfect example of traditional neoclassical architecture.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What architectural shift does the Marshall Fields building represent?

    <p>Move from neo-Romanesque to Chicago style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Monadnock building?

    <p>First true skyscraper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Sullivan's principle embodied in the Guaranty Building?

    <p>Form follows function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinctive feature does the Carson Pirie Scott Department Store have?

    <p>Large glass windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of architectural elements does the Wright House incorporate?

    <p>Geometric forms and asymmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Modern Architecture Overview

    • Neoclassical style reflects the rise of the middle class during the Industrial Revolution, embracing elements of classical Greek and Roman architecture.
    • Neogothic architecture emerged as a response to industrial life, emphasizing asymmetry and romanticism, appealing to human emotions and literature.
    • Art Nouveau integrates nature into design, countering industrialization while celebrating technological advancements.

    Key Architectural Works

    Temple, Stuart, 1759

    • First neoclassical building in Europe featuring Doric columns and a triangular top facade.
    • Represents a shift in architecture reflecting the egalitarian ideals of ancient Greece and Rome during the rise of the middle class.

    Virginia State Capitol

    • Designed by Thomas Jefferson in neoclassical style with Ionic columns post-Revolutionary War.
    • Aims to connect American democracy with earlier democratic ideals of classical Athens.

    Strawberry Hill

    • Neogothic style with pointed arches and elaborate interiors built during England’s industrial revolution.
    • Symbolizes the rural escape from urban life and a revival of romanticism, focusing on emotion rather than architectural precision.

    Fonthill Abbey

    • A neogothic structure with ornate decorations and tall spaces, providing a refuge from city life.
    • Coexists with neoclassical styles reflecting the versatility in architectural expressions of the period.

    Pugin's Contrasts

    • Pugin contrasts neo-Gothic architecture with neo-classical and industrial styles, criticizing London's growing industrialization.
    • Advocated for a return to Christian values in architecture, condemning the secularization associated with industrial society.

    Houses of Parliament

    • Constructed in neogothic style after the original was destroyed by fire, showcasing Pugin’s influence.
    • Represents an English governmental choice to embody religious and cultural identity through Gothic architecture.

    Oxford University Science Museum

    • Combines neo-Gothic exterior with modern interior, reflecting the tension between conservatism and scientific advancement.
    • Presents a visual narrative of Oxford’s rich tradition in contrast to emerging modern scientific ideas.

    St. Pancras Station

    • Represents contradictory architectural styles—neo-Gothic façade with a modern glass and iron train shed.
    • Captures the struggle between traditional styles and the new demands of industrial technology in transportation.

    Haussmannization of Paris

    • Baron Haussmann's redesign of Paris with wide boulevards and improved sanitation aimed to rectify overcrowding and social unrest.
    • Faced resistance from residents who preferred the intimacy of narrow, congested streets; transformed public space in the city.

    Eiffel Tower

    • Wrought iron lattice structure built for the 1889 World’s Fair to celebrate modern Paris.
    • Symbolizes engineering achievement and embodies the modernization and technological progress of the era.

    Horta House

    • Art Nouveau style illustrating nature through asymmetry and plant-inspired designs.
    • Emphasizes a contemplative approach to architecture, responding to industrialism with natural forms.

    Glasgow Art School

    • Showcases a unique architectural identity with medieval influences, blending Art Nouveau with industrial materials.
    • Represents a transitional style away from historicism in the late 19th century.

    Paris Metro Entrance

    • Features Art Nouveau arches and iron furnishings reflecting a departure from historicism.
    • Demonstrates an integration of modern technology with natural forms in urban design.

    Gaudí's Casa Mila

    • An idiosyncratic blend of natural forms and fantastical elements, representative of Catalan identity.
    • Aims to revive local architectural traditions while infusing innovations influenced by Art Nouveau.

    Marshall Fields Department Store

    • Combines Romanesque elements with new Chicago style architecture, paving the way for modern commercial buildings.
    • Utilizes innovative design for functionality and commercial appeal in post-fire Chicago.

    Monadnock Building

    • Recognized as the first skyscraper with an emphasis on maximizing rental space without European ornamentation.
    • Represents American innovation and independence from traditional architectural styles.

    Guaranty Building

    • Introduces Sullivan's skyscraper principles along with steel cage construction methods.
    • Emphasizes social responsibility in design, showing the interrelationship between form and function.

    Carson Pirie Scott Department Store

    • Features a corner entrance with extensive glass to attract customers, illustrating Sullivan's "form follows function" philosophy.
    • Reflects the commercialization and changing retail landscape of early 20th-century America.

    Wright Houses

    • Reshape architectural norms with geometric forms, asymmetry, and integration into the Midwest landscape.
    • Showcases principles of horizontal flow and interaction with nature, supporting ideals of family connection and moral integrity.

    Willits House

    • A hallmark of Prairie style characterized by horizontal lines and integration with the landscape.
    • Utilizes structural techniques that emphasize openness and natural elements in design.

    Larkin Building

    • Demonstrates Wright's open space design, focusing on functional elements expressed through architectural form.
    • Reflects a modern approach to office environment tailored for the industrial context of its time.### Wright's Geometric Fascination
    • Wright appreciated geometric shapes, notably the interplay between cubes and spheres.
    • The architectural style of the Unity Church is reminiscent of Sullivan's Wainwright building but employs a unique inverted design.

    Unity Church

    • Built with uniform materials, creating a monolithic appearance that appears imposing from street level.
    • Entrance is concealed behind a staircase, emphasizing a non-evangelical stance of Unitarianism.
    • Design reflects the ideology of Unitarianism: monolithic structure symbolizes a singular god, square layout signifies the religion's square emblem.
    • The contrast between solid outer structure and luminous interiors enhances the architectural richness.

    Robie House Exterior

    • Features horizontal eaves, extending outwards from a vertical core, integrating planters into the overall design.
    • Utilizes long bricks with cleverly concealed vertical grout and prominent horizontal grout, promoting a seamless appearance.
    • Includes a cantilevered roof and a main living area situated on the second floor with a balcony.
    • One facade is intentionally blocked, while the other steps down towards open space.
    • Electrical wiring is innovatively integrated through floors and features a three-car garage.
    • Leaded, stained-glass windows display abstract natural motifs, harmonizing with the horizontal design.

    Historical Significance of Robie House

    • Publication of Robie House plans in Germany contributed to Wright's international recognition.
    • Client Robie was a complex figure, balancing ruthless business acumen with a private lifestyle.
    • Wright's design reconciles these contradictions, embodying Robie's personality and values.

    Robie House Plan

    • Design consists of two long wings that are pushed together then offset like building blocks.
    • The main living and dining rooms revolve around a central fireplace, fostering a fluid space for social interaction.
    • Servants' quarters and guest rooms are architecturally boxed, delineating their function and enhancing privacy.
    • Wright's adaptation of Prairie style to urban settings emphasizes both openness and confinement, mirroring Robie's character.

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    Description

    Explore the Neoclassical architectural style through important historical insights and definitions. This flashcard quiz focuses on the Temple by Stuart, a pivotal building that reflects the rise of the middle class during the Industrial Revolution in Europe.

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