Neoclassical Architecture Quiz

Neoclassical architecture is an 18th-19th century European classical revivalist architectural style that became one of the most prominent architectural styles in the Western world. It aimed to strip away the excesses of the Late Baroque and return to a purer and more authentic classical style, adapted to modern purposes. The prevailing styles of architecture in most of Europe for the previous two centuries, Renaissance architecture and Baroque architecture, already represented partial revivals of the Classical architecture of ancient Rome and ancient Greek architecture. The name refers to the designs of the 16th-century Venetian architect Andrea Palladio. In form, Neoclassical architecture emphasizes the wall rather than chiaroscuro and maintains separate identities to each of its parts. The style is manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament, and in its architectural formulae as an outgrowth of some classicizing features of the Late Baroque architectural tradition. The shift to neoclassical architecture is conventionally dated to the 1750s. Neoclassicism made a discovery of the genuine classic interior, inspired by the rediscoveries at Pompeii and Herculaneum. From about 1800 a fresh influx of Greek architectural examples, seen through the medium of etchings and engravings, gave a new impetus to neoclassicism, the Greek Revival. The Empire style in France was a more grandiose wave of neoclassicism in architecture and the decorative arts. High neoclassicism was an international movement that emphasized planar qualities, rather than elaborate sculptural ornament in both the interior and the exterior.Neoclassical architecture emerged in the 18th century and was influenced by the ancient Greco-Roman ideal and the logical and orderly Roman design. It was characterized by simple forms and high levels of enrichment, combining elements of both Eastern and Western design. Neoclassical architecture was expressed in a variety of regional trends, including Great Britain, Ireland, France, Greece, Japan, Hungary, Malta, Mexico, Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Russia, Spain, Germany, and the United States. James 'Athenian' Stuart's work, The Antiquities of Athens and Other Monuments of Greece, and Robert Wood's Palmyra and Baalbec were very influential. The French architect Ange-Jacques Gabriel expressed the first phase of neoclassicism in France, while the second phase was expressed in the styles called Directoire and Empire, characterized by Jean Chalgrin's astylar Arc de Triomphe. In the US, Robert Adam's neoclassical manner was adapted for the local late 18th- and early 19th-century style, called Federal architecture. Greek Revival architecture was also popular in the US during the 19th century. The neoclassical style arrived in the American empires of Spain and Portugal through projects designed in Europe or carried out locally by European or Criollo architects. Brazil also used the resources of architecture for the glorification of political power.Neoclassical architecture around the world

• Neoclassical architecture is a style that emerged in the mid-18th century in Europe and America, inspired by the classical architecture of Greece and Rome.
• It is characterized by its use of classical orders, symmetry, and proportion, as well as its emphasis on simplicity and rationality.
• Neoclassical architecture became popular in many countries around the world, including the United States, France, Russia, and Brazil.
• In the United States, neoclassical architecture was used for many government buildings, such as the White House and the U.S. Capitol, as well as for grand private residences.
• In France, neoclassicism was associated with the French Revolution and was used for public buildings such as the Arc de Triomphe and the Panthéon.
• In Russia, neoclassical architecture was favored by Catherine the Great and was used for many public buildings, including the Winter Palace and the Bolshoi Theatre.
• In Brazil, neoclassicism was used for many public buildings, such as the Imperial Palace of Petrópolis and the portal of the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts in Rio de Janeiro.
• In Argentina, neoclassicism was used to convey an image of power and the presence of the state, with a lot of influence from French classicism.
• In the Spanish East Indies, neoclassical architecture was introduced via rule from New Spain and was used for churches, civic buildings, and traditional houses, becoming more ornate during the American period.
• Neoclassical architecture remains a popular style today, used for many public buildings and private residences around the world.