Modal Verbs in the Present Tense

Study Notes

Modal verbs are used to express degrees of possibility, obligation, and permission in the present tense.

Can

Expresses ability or capacity:
- I can speak Spanish.
- She can play the piano.
Expresses possibility:
- It can be very hot in July.
- He can be very stubborn.

Could

Expresses possibility or ability in a hypothetical situation:
- I could go to the party if I didn't have to work.
- They could have won the game if they had practiced more.
Expresses politeness or tact:
- Could you pass the salt?
- Could I have a glass of water?

May

Expresses permission:
- You may go to the movies tonight.
- She may attend the meeting.
Expresses possibility:
- It may rain tomorrow.
- He may be late.

Might

Expresses possibility:
- It might be a good idea to take an umbrella.
- She might be able to attend the meeting.
Expresses uncertainty:
- He might be at home.
- They might have forgotten.

Must

Expresses obligation or necessity:
- I must finish this project by Friday.
- You must try this new restaurant.
Expresses strong probability or certainty:
- He must be very tired.
- She must be a good teacher.

Shall

Expresses future intention or promise:
- I shall attend the meeting.
- We shall overcome this challenge.
Expresses obligation or duty:
- You shall not pass until you complete the assignment.
- They shall be responsible for the project.

Should

Expresses advice or recommendation:
- You should try this new restaurant.
- He should be more careful.
Expresses expectation or obligation:
- You should be on time for the meeting.
- They should have finished the project by now.

Will

Expresses future intention or decision:
- I will attend the meeting.
- They will finish the project on time.
Expresses willingness or volition:
- I will help you with your project.
- She will do her best.

Would

Expresses hypothetical or uncertain situations:
- I would go to the party if I didn't have to work.
- They would have won the game if they had practiced more.
Expresses politeness or tact:
- Would you like to go to the movies?
- Could I have a glass of water?

Description

Learn how to use modal verbs such as can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, and would to express degrees of possibility, obligation, and permission in the present tense. Understand the different meanings and uses of each modal verb.