Mitotic Spindle and Chromosome Movement Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What happens during the G1 phase of interphase?

  • Metabolic activity and growth (correct)
  • Chromosome duplication
  • DNA replication
  • Cell division

    • Which phase of the cell cycle involves the duplication of chromosomes?

  • S phase (correct)
  • G2 phase
  • G1 phase
  • M phase

    • What is the main function of the mitotic phase in the cell cycle?

  • Equal distribution of duplicated genetic material into daughter cells (correct)
  • Chromosome duplication
  • Metabolic activity
  • Cell growth

    • What is the key feature of eukaryotic cell cycle regulation?

    <p>Molecular control system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase is the most variable in length in different types of cells?

    <p>G1 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does duplication of chromosomes occur?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the G1 phase?

    <p>Growth and metabolic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase involves intense metabolic activity and growth despite its misnaming?

    <p>G1 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last stage of the cell cycle?

    <p>Cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase involves the formation of a mitotic spindle and condensation of chromosomes?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during anaphase?

    <p>Separation of sister chromatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the S phase?

    <p>DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the M phase?

    <p>Actual cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase do the centrosomes move away from each other?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase involves the movement of centrosomes and extension of microtubules into the nuclear area?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phase for preparation for cell division?

    <p>G2 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cell division in multicellular eukaryotes?

    <p>Enables development from a single cell and facilitates renewal and repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical number of chromosomes in human somatic cells?

    <p>46 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of eukaryotic chromosomes?

    <p>Consists of a long, linear DNA molecule associated with many proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for packaging DNA into chromosomes?

    <p>To enable the replication and distribution of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic number of chromosomes in human reproductive cells?

    <p>23 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chromosomes during cell division?

    <p>Behave differently with highly condensed duplicated chromosomes and the distribution of sister chromatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of eukaryotic cell division?

    <p>Involves the distribution of identical genetic material to daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the accuracy of DNA passage during cell division?

    <p>Remarkable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of DNA in a typical human cell?

    <p>About 2 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of genes carried by a eukaryotic chromosome?

    <p>Several hundred to a few thousand genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the variation in the number of chromosomes in eukaryotic somatic cells among species?

    <p>Varies widely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distribution of identical genetic material to daughter cells during cell division?

    <p>A crucial function of most cell divisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During cell division, what happens to sister chromatids?

    <p>They become individual chromosomes after separation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of mitosis followed by cytokinesis?

    <p>Two genetically equivalent cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is DNA replication followed by the condensation of chromosomes?

    <p>Before cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do duplicated chromosomes consist of?

    <p>Two sister chromatids connected by sister chromatid cohesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the portion of a chromatid to either side of the centromere referred to as?

    <p>An arm of the chromatid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the sister chromatids into two chromosomes and distributes them to daughter cells?

    <p>Molecular and mechanical processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle includes metabolic activity and growth?

    <p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reduces the chromosome number from 46 to 23 in gametes?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of mitosis?

    <p>Two genetically equivalent cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the form of chromosomes when a cell is not dividing?

    <p>Long, thin chromatin fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sister chromatid cohesion?

    <p>To keep the sister chromatids together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the part of the cell cycle that includes G1, S, and G2 phases?

    <p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the poleward movement of chromosomes during anaphase?

    <p>Motor proteins on the kinetochores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase do cohesins holding together sister chromatids get cleaved by an enzyme called separase?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the assembly of spindle microtubules start in animal cells?

    <p>Centrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the mitotic spindle in mitosis events?

    <p>Plays a crucial role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the cell during cytokinesis in animal cells?

    <p>It forms a cleavage furrow that pinches the cell in two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nonkinetochore microtubules during mitosis?

    <p>They elongate as the cell elongates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the cell elongate as nonkinetochore microtubules lengthen?

    <p>During mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during prophase and prometaphase in animal cells?

    <p>The two centrosomes move apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organizes the cell’s microtubules?

    <p>Centrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of kinetochores during prometaphase?

    <p>Some spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to spindle microtubules during mitosis?

    <p>They elongate and shorten through polymerization and depolymerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the region containing material that organizes the cell’s microtubules?

    <p>Centrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mitotic Spindle and Chromosome Movement in Cell Division

    • Mitosis, the division of one nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei, is completed with the cell elongating as nonkinetochore microtubules lengthen
    • Cytokinesis in animal cells involves the formation of a cleavage furrow that pinches the cell in two
    • The mitotic spindle, consisting of microtubules and associated proteins, plays a crucial role in mitosis events
    • Spindle microtubules elongate and shorten through polymerization and depolymerization, respectively
    • In animal cells, the assembly of spindle microtubules starts at the centrosome, a region containing material that organizes the cell’s microtubules
    • During interphase in animal cells, the single centrosome duplicates, forming two centrosomes, which move apart during prophase and prometaphase
    • Each sister chromatid of a duplicated chromosome has a kinetochore, and during prometaphase, some spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores
    • At metaphase, the centromeres of all the duplicated chromosomes are on the metaphase plate, with microtubules overlapping and interacting
    • Anaphase begins when cohesins holding together sister chromatids are cleaved by an enzyme called separase, allowing the chromatids to move toward opposite ends of the cell
    • Mechanisms involving motor proteins on the kinetochores are responsible for the poleward movement of chromosomes during anaphase
    • One mechanism suggests that motor proteins on the kinetochores "walk" the chromosomes along the microtubules, which depolymerize at their kinetochore ends
    • Other research has shown that chromosomes are "reeled in" by motor proteins at the.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of mitotic spindle and chromosome movement in cell division with this quiz. Explore the key events of mitosis, including spindle assembly, kinetochore attachment, metaphase alignment, anaphase separation, and cytokinesis in animal cells.

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