Mitosis Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is mitosis?

The phase where chromosomes become invisible

A type of asexual reproduction

Part of cell division in prokaryotic cells

Part of cell division in eukaryotic cells (correct)

Define cytokinesis.

Part of cell division in which the cytoplasm is divided between the two new daughter cells

What is a chromatid?

One of two identical parts or arms of a chromosome

What is the function of the centromere?

Region of the chromosome where the two sister chromatids are held together Signup and view all the answers

What does the cell cycle include?

Series of events including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

Define interphase.

Phase of the cell cycle in between divisions where cells spend most of their time growing Signup and view all the answers

What is the first phase of mitosis?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

Describe metaphase.

Second phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up along the center of the cell Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of mitosis do chromatids separate?

Anaphase Signup and view all the answers

What happens during telophase?

Fourth phase of mitosis where two nuclei are visible Signup and view all the answers

Define homologous chromosomes.

A pair of morphologically similar chromosomes that are the same size and shape Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a cell wall?

To provide support and protection to the cell Signup and view all the answers

What are chromosomes?

DNA scrunched up in dividing cells Signup and view all the answers

What is chromatin?

DNA spread out in non-dividing cells Signup and view all the answers

Define binary fission.

Cell division in prokaryotes producing two identical daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a prokaryote?

An organism whose cells do not have a nucleus or organelles surrounded by membranes Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a eukaryote?

An organism whose cells contain a nucleus and organelles surrounded by membranes Signup and view all the answers

What are internal regulators?

Proteins that respond to events inside the cell Signup and view all the answers

Define external regulators.

Proteins that respond to events outside the cell Signup and view all the answers

What are carcinogens?

Substances that can damage DNA and cause cancer Signup and view all the answers

What are centrioles?

Log-like structures that appear during cell division to pull chromosomes apart Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the spindle during mitosis?

Helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What is cyclin?

One of a family of proteins that regulate the cell cycle Signup and view all the answers

Define cancer.

Disorder where some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth Signup and view all the answers

What is a centrosome?

Region in which the centrioles lie, helping organize the spindle fibers during cell division Signup and view all the answers

What are somatic cells?

Body cells other than sperm and egg Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mitosis Overview

Mitosis is the process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.
Cytokinesis follows mitosis, where the cytoplasm divides between the new daughter cells.

Key Terms in Mitosis

A chromatid is one of the two identical halves of a chromosome.
The centromere is a chromosome region where sister chromatids are connected, serving as the attachment point for spindle fibers during division.

Cell Cycle

The cell cycle comprises interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis, facilitating cell growth and development.
Interphase is a preparatory phase where cells grow and perform regular functions, lasting longer than division phases.

Phases of Mitosis

Prophase is the first and longest phase, characterized by visible chromosomes, movement of centrioles to poles, and the disappearance of the nuclear membrane.
In metaphase, chromosomes align in the middle of the cell.
Anaphase sees chromatid arms separate and migrate to opposite ends of the cell.
Telophase is the final phase where two nuclei form, chromosomes revert to chromatin, and the nuclear membrane begins to reappear.

Chromosomes and Genetic Material

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of similar chromosomes carrying genes for the same traits.
Chromosomes are compacted DNA seen during cell division, while chromatin is the loose form of DNA during non-dividing phases.

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cell Division

Binary fission is a prokaryotic cell division method resulting in two identical daughter cells, prevalent in bacteria.
Prokaryotes lack a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes possess both.

Regulatory Proteins

Internal regulators are proteins that ensure specific cellular processes must occur before the cell cycle continues.
External regulators are proteins that respond to external signals, influencing the speed of the cell cycle.

Cancer and Cell Growth

Carcinogens are substances that can damage DNA and contribute to cancer development.
Cancer arises from cells that lose control over their growth, leading to uncontrolled proliferation.

Cellular Structures in Division

Centrioles are cylindrical structures that aid in chromosome separation during division by organizing spindle fibers.
The spindle is a fan-like microtubule structure crucial for separating chromosomes during mitosis.
The centrosome is the central region housing centrioles, playing a key role in organizing spindle fibers.

Types of Cells

Somatic cells refer to all body cells except for sperm and egg cells, forming the majority of an organism's structure.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key terms related to mitosis and cell division with these flashcards. Each card highlights important concepts such as mitosis, cytokinesis, and chromatids. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of cellular processes.