COPY: Mitochondria and Cellular Metabolism Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What happens to pyruvate when molecular oxygen is limiting?

  • It is stored as glycogen.
  • It undergoes complete oxidation in the Krebs’ cycle.
  • It is fermented into lactate to generate NADH. (correct)
  • It is converted into acetyl-CoA.

    • Where does non-shivering thermogenesis mainly occur in the body?

  • In the liver.
  • In skeletal muscle tissue.
  • In white adipose tissue.
  • In brown adipose tissue. (correct)

    • What role do mitochondria play in calcium homeostasis?

  • They degrade excess calcium into inactive forms.
  • They actively transport calcium ions out of the cell.
  • They convert calcium ions into ATP.
  • They store and release Ca2+ ions for signal transduction. (correct)

    • How do mitochondria regulate cell division?

    <p>By producing ATP and NADPH needed for new biomass generation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural feature of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

    <p>It is thrown into cristae, increasing surface area. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do mitochondria serve in hormonal signaling?

    <p>They contribute to signaling involving estrogens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what manner do mitochondria reproduce?

    <p>Through binary fission. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of mitochondrial genomic DNA (mtDNA)?

    <p>It can carry mutations that affect all descendant cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mitochondria in cells?

    <p>ATP biosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about mitochondria is true?

    <p>Mitochondria can constitute up to 25% of the cell volume in non-phototrophic organisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cellular process is pyruvate converted to acetyl-CoA?

    <p>Link reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is described as having no true mitochondria?

    <p>Henneguya zschokkei (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main site of the respiratory chain in mitochondria?

    <p>Inner membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the proton gradient in mitochondria?

    <p>It drives ATP biosynthesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic pathway occurs in the mitochondrial matrix?

    <p>Krebs cycle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary type of ATP-generating enzyme found in mitochondria?

    <p>ATP phosphohydrolase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

    <p>Site of photosynthesis and ATP synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plastid is responsible for synthesizing and storing pigments?

    <p>Chromoplasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do gerontoplasts primarily signify in chloroplast development?

    <p>Aging and senescence of chloroplasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plastids are known to store starch?

    <p>Amyloplasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the outer membrane of the mitochondrion?

    <p>Initiation of apoptosis upon breakdown (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers phototrophic electron transport in chloroplasts?

    <p>Chlorophyll pigments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is unique to the inner membrane of the mitochondrion?

    <p>Rich in cardiolipin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do chloroplasts contribute to plant defense mechanisms?

    <p>By triggering apoptosis and releasing signaling compounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following plastids can differentiate into other types?

    <p>Leucoplasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the matrix within the mitochondrion?

    <p>Serving as the site of the Krebs cycle and pyruvate oxidation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which organelle is the synthesis of fatty acids primarily conducted?

    <p>Chloroplasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT found in human mitochondrial DNA?

    <p>23S rRNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about mitochondrial ribosomes is accurate?

    <p>They consist of 70S and can synthesize mitochondrial proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is primarily responsible for establishing the proton gradient in the intermembrane space of mitochondria?

    <p>Cardiolipin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a cell when the outer membrane of the mitochondrion is breached?

    <p>Initiation of apoptosis is triggered (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the human mitochondrial genome approximately?

    <p>16.5 kbp (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main pigments found in chloroplasts of the Streptophyta?

    <p>Chl a, Chl b, xanthophylls and carotenes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct structure found in chloroplasts that is comprised of stacks of thylakoids?

    <p>Granum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about thylakoids?

    <p>Each thylakoid has a space inside it referred to as the lumen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the stack of thylakoids in chloroplasts?

    <p>Granum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element separates the inner and outer membranes of chloroplasts?

    <p>Intermembrane space (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following colors is represented by the prefix 'chloro-' in scientific terminology?

    <p>Green (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pigments are used by chloroplasts of the Chlorophyta?

    <p>Chl a, Chl b, Chl c, xanthophylls and carotenes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is described as containing plastoglobulus and starch granules?

    <p>Stroma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cristae in mitochondria?

    <p>To increase surface area for ATP production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plastid is formed from chloroplasts?

    <p>Chromoplasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pigments are utilized by cyanoplasts of the Glaucophyta?

    <p>Chl a, xanthophylls, carotenes, and phycobilins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a role of cardiolipin in mitochondrial membranes?

    <p>To bind protons and maintain Δp (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes located within mitochondria?

    <p>Matrix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carotenoid does not contain oxygen?

    <p>Lycopene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key differences between mtDNA and cpDNA?

    <p>mtDNA is inherited maternally; cpDNA is maternally or paternally (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of non-phototrophic plastid is involved in lipid storage?

    <p>Elaioplast (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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