Mitochondria and ATP: The Energy Powerhouse of the Cell

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Which organelle is likened to remnant bacteria in the text?

Mitochondria (correct)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Golgi Apparatus

Lysosome

What is the primary function of ATP in cellular processes according to the text?

Storage of genetic information

Serving as an energy currency (correct)

Facilitating protein synthesis

Regulation of cell cycle

How does ATP provide energy based on the text?

Via direct electron transfer

By releasing hydrogen ions

Through glycolysis

By transferring phosphate groups (correct)

What are the main mechanisms of utilizing ATP energy as described in the text?

Conformational changes and phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

What are the three major clinical features associated with Alpers’ syndrome?

Severe epilepsy, loss of developmental skills, and liver failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of mitochondrial DNA depletion resulting in Alpers' Syndrome?

Mistakes in the DNA of a gene called POLG Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle in the cell modifies proteins and sends them to various places like endosomes, lysosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria?

Golgi Apparatus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Synthesis of lipids and aiding in detoxification of drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is the most important for regulating glycolysis?

Phosphofructokinase Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ATP production from one molecule of glucose through glycolysis?

2 ATP Signup and view all the answers

Where does glycolysis occur within the cell?

Cytosol Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule enters the Krebs cycle by combining with oxaloacetate to form citrate?

Acetyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

How many molecules of carbon dioxide are released per turn in the Krebs cycle?

2 CO2 Signup and view all the answers

Which complex in the electron transport chain (ETC) reduces oxygen to form water?

Complex IV Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for driving the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase in the electron transport chain?

Proton Pumping Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ATP in cellular processes as described in the text?

Providing energy for processes like muscle contraction and nerve impulse propagation Signup and view all the answers

How does ATP provide energy for cellular processes?

By transferring a phosphate group to another molecule Signup and view all the answers

In cellular respiration, how is glucose converted into ATP?

Via three stages including Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and Electron Transport Chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the uncoupling protein mentioned in the text?

Producing heat in mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme in the electron transport chain is directly affected by cyanide and carbon monoxide poisoning?

Complex I Signup and view all the answers

In glycolysis, which molecule is responsible for transferring phosphate to ADP in substrate-level phosphorylation?

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Signup and view all the answers

What are the three major clinical features associated with Alpers’ Syndrome?

Severe epilepsy, developmental regression, and liver failure Signup and view all the answers

Where do proteins destined to be exported pass through before reaching their final destinations in the cell?

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in the cell?

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle receives transport vesicles containing proteins from the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and modifies these proteins before sending them to various places in the cell?