Mito vs. Logos: Filosofía en Grecia

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Questions and Answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes características corresponde al mito?

Búsqueda de la verdad radical

Pensamiento crítico

Uso de la razón y el orden

Explicaciones imaginativas basadas en símbolos (correct)

La filosofía se basa en creencias arbitrarias y no en la razón.

False

¿Cuáles son dos causas del surgimiento de la filosofía en Grecia en el siglo VI a.C.?

Ruptura con el mito y factores sociales.

La filosofía actúa como un puente entre la ciencia y la __________.

religión Signup and view all the answers

Relaciona cada función actual de la filosofía con su descripción:

Crítica = Analiza creencias y valores Epistemológica = Reflexiona sobre el saber y los métodos de las ciencias Práctica = Orienta decisiones éticas y políticas Transformadora = Ayuda a mejorar y transformar el mundo Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué característica no es propia de la filosofía?

Establecimiento de dogmas Signup and view all the answers

Los mitos buscan explicaciones basadas en causas necesarias y leyes naturales.

False Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué elemento caracteriza la búsqueda filosófica?

La búsqueda de la verdad radical. Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes disciplinas se ocupa del conocimiento y sus límites?

Gnoseología/Epistemología Signup and view all the answers

La Metafísica se centra únicamente en el conocimiento humano.

False Signup and view all the answers

Nombrar una subdisciplina de la Filosofía del Ser Humano.

Ética, Estética, Filosofía política o Filosofía del derecho. Signup and view all the answers

La lógica se encarga de la estructura, construcción y corrección de los __________.

razonamientos Signup and view all the answers

Asocia cada periodo filosófico con su característica principal:

Período metafísico = Investigación centrada en la realidad física y humana Período gnoseológico = Reflexión sobre las facultades del conocimiento humano Período humanista = Filosofía enfocada en el ser humano y su capacidad de actuar Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es una de las preguntas que se plantea la Metafísica?

¿Cuál es la causa de lo que existe? Signup and view all the answers

El período humanista se centra en la búsqueda de un orden existente.

False Signup and view all the answers

Menciona una corriente filosófica principal del período gnoseológico.

Racionalismo, empirismo o idealismo trascendental. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

MITO VS. LOGOS

Mito:
- Pre-racional, using amulets and fantastic narratives.
- Explanations are imaginative, based on symbols and anthropomorphic figures.
- Arbitrary; everything depends on the will of the gods.
- Destiny is presented as forces personifying nature.
- Collective and traditional.
Logos:
- Rational, using order, reason, and language.
- Explanations are rational and verifiable.
- Necessary; it seeks natural causes and laws.
- Explicable phenomena are regular, causal, and critically examined.
- Personal and individual knowledge.

WHY MYTHS DO NOT ALLOW SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION

Lack of rationality and criticism.
Reliance on arbitrary beliefs, based on the divine rather than reality.
Symbolic and imaginative character.

CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE RISE OF PHILOSOPHY IN 6TH CENTURY BC GREECE

Causes:
- Breaking with myth: Seeking explanations based on reason instead of arbitrary beliefs.
- Social factors: The polis as a space for dialogue and debate.
- Cultural factors: Influence of traditions and knowledge from other cultures through commerce.
- Historical factors: Progress in writing and systematic thought.
Consequences:
- Birth of critical and rational thought.
- Development of anti-mythological positions.
- Beginning of philosophical disciplines: ethics, physics, metaphysics.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PHILOSOPHY

Tool for reasoning and argumentation: Promotes critical thinking.
School of freedom: Rejection of dogma, questioning of knowledge.
Practical dimension: Helps change the world.
Search for radical truth: Driven by admiration.
Rational and systematic method: Organized approach to problems.
Additional characteristics:
- Poses universal questions about God, humanity and the world.
- Rational, critical, and reflective knowledge.
- It is beneficial, if not essential.
- Seeks happiness (individual and social).
- Bridges science and religion.

CURRENT FUNCTIONS OF PHILOSOPHY

Criticisms: Analysis of beliefs and values.
Epistemological: Reflection on knowledge and the methods of science.
Practical: Guidance for ethical and political decisions.
Transformative: Helps improve and transform the world.

PHILOSOPHICAL DISCIPLINES

Metaphysics (Ontology):
- Definition: Studies being and its properties. Everything that exists.
- Subfields: Ontology, Theodicy.
- Object of Study: What is real? What is its cause?
Epistemology/Gnosology:
- Definition: Theory of knowledge, considering its limits.
- Subfields: Philosophy of Science.
- Object of Study: What can I know? Under what conditions?
Logic:
- Definition: Addresses the structure, construction, and correction of reasoning.
- Subfields: Philosophy of Language.
- Object of Study: What's the correct way to think? What can be said coherently
Philosophy of Human Nature:
- Subfields:
  - Ethics: Reflects on moral norms and the construction of a universal morality.
  - Aesthetics: Reflection on beauty and art.
  - Political philosophy: Reflection on the relationship between individuals and their social organization.
  - Philosophy of law: Reflection on justice and legal norms.

HISTORICAL PERIODS OF PHILOSOPHY

Metaphysical period (6th century BC - 14th century AD): Study of physical reality and humanity, seeking a fundamental principle for explaining the order that exists. Includes cosmological and anthropological phases.
Epistemological period (15th-18th centuries): Reflection on human knowledge. Includes rationalism, empiricism, and transcendental idealism.
Humanistic period (19th-21st centuries): Focus on humanity, its capacity to act and transform the world. Emphasizes ethics, sentiment, and relationship with society.

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Description

Este cuestionario explora la diferencia entre mito y logos, centrándose en la evolución del pensamiento filosófico en Grecia en el siglo VI a.C. Se analizan las características del mito como pre-racional y las bases racionales del logos. Además, se discuten las causas y consecuencias del surgimiento de la filosofía en este contexto histórico.