Mito vs. Logos: Filosofía en Grecia
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Questions and Answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes características corresponde al mito?

  • Búsqueda de la verdad radical
  • Pensamiento crítico
  • Uso de la razón y el orden
  • Explicaciones imaginativas basadas en símbolos (correct)

    • La filosofía se basa en creencias arbitrarias y no en la razón.

    False

    ¿Cuáles son dos causas del surgimiento de la filosofía en Grecia en el siglo VI a.C.?

    Ruptura con el mito y factores sociales.

    La filosofía actúa como un puente entre la ciencia y la __________.

    <p>religión</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Relaciona cada función actual de la filosofía con su descripción:

    <p>Crítica = Analiza creencias y valores Epistemológica = Reflexiona sobre el saber y los métodos de las ciencias Práctica = Orienta decisiones éticas y políticas Transformadora = Ayuda a mejorar y transformar el mundo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué característica no es propia de la filosofía?

    <p>Establecimiento de dogmas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Los mitos buscan explicaciones basadas en causas necesarias y leyes naturales.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué elemento caracteriza la búsqueda filosófica?

    <p>La búsqueda de la verdad radical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Cuál de las siguientes disciplinas se ocupa del conocimiento y sus límites?

    <p>Gnoseología/Epistemología</p> Signup and view all the answers

    La Metafísica se centra únicamente en el conocimiento humano.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nombrar una subdisciplina de la Filosofía del Ser Humano.

    <p>Ética, Estética, Filosofía política o Filosofía del derecho.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    La lógica se encarga de la estructura, construcción y corrección de los __________.

    <p>razonamientos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asocia cada periodo filosófico con su característica principal:

    <p>Período metafísico = Investigación centrada en la realidad física y humana Período gnoseológico = Reflexión sobre las facultades del conocimiento humano Período humanista = Filosofía enfocada en el ser humano y su capacidad de actuar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Cuál es una de las preguntas que se plantea la Metafísica?

    <p>¿Cuál es la causa de lo que existe?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    El período humanista se centra en la búsqueda de un orden existente.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Menciona una corriente filosófica principal del período gnoseológico.

    <p>Racionalismo, empirismo o idealismo trascendental.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    MITO VS. LOGOS

    • Mito:

      • Pre-racional, using amulets and fantastic narratives.
      • Explanations are imaginative, based on symbols and anthropomorphic figures.
      • Arbitrary; everything depends on the will of the gods.
      • Destiny is presented as forces personifying nature.
      • Collective and traditional.

    • Logos:

      • Rational, using order, reason, and language.
      • Explanations are rational and verifiable.
      • Necessary; it seeks natural causes and laws.
      • Explicable phenomena are regular, causal, and critically examined.
      • Personal and individual knowledge.

    WHY MYTHS DO NOT ALLOW SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION

    • Lack of rationality and criticism.
    • Reliance on arbitrary beliefs, based on the divine rather than reality.
    • Symbolic and imaginative character.

    CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE RISE OF PHILOSOPHY IN 6TH CENTURY BC GREECE

    • Causes:

      • Breaking with myth: Seeking explanations based on reason instead of arbitrary beliefs.
      • Social factors: The polis as a space for dialogue and debate.
      • Cultural factors: Influence of traditions and knowledge from other cultures through commerce.
      • Historical factors: Progress in writing and systematic thought.

    • Consequences:

      • Birth of critical and rational thought.
      • Development of anti-mythological positions.
      • Beginning of philosophical disciplines: ethics, physics, metaphysics.

    CHARACTERISTICS OF PHILOSOPHY

    • Tool for reasoning and argumentation: Promotes critical thinking.

    • School of freedom: Rejection of dogma, questioning of knowledge.

    • Practical dimension: Helps change the world.

    • Search for radical truth: Driven by admiration.

    • Rational and systematic method: Organized approach to problems.

    • Additional characteristics:

      • Poses universal questions about God, humanity and the world.
      • Rational, critical, and reflective knowledge.
      • It is beneficial, if not essential.
      • Seeks happiness (individual and social).
      • Bridges science and religion.

    CURRENT FUNCTIONS OF PHILOSOPHY

    • Criticisms: Analysis of beliefs and values.
    • Epistemological: Reflection on knowledge and the methods of science.
    • Practical: Guidance for ethical and political decisions.
    • Transformative: Helps improve and transform the world.

    PHILOSOPHICAL DISCIPLINES

    • Metaphysics (Ontology):

      • Definition: Studies being and its properties. Everything that exists.
      • Subfields: Ontology, Theodicy.
      • Object of Study: What is real? What is its cause?

    • Epistemology/Gnosology:

      • Definition: Theory of knowledge, considering its limits.
      • Subfields: Philosophy of Science.
      • Object of Study: What can I know? Under what conditions?

    • Logic:

      • Definition: Addresses the structure, construction, and correction of reasoning.
      • Subfields: Philosophy of Language.
      • Object of Study: What's the correct way to think? What can be said coherently

    • Philosophy of Human Nature:

      • Subfields:
        • Ethics: Reflects on moral norms and the construction of a universal morality.
        • Aesthetics: Reflection on beauty and art.
        • Political philosophy: Reflection on the relationship between individuals and their social organization.
        • Philosophy of law: Reflection on justice and legal norms.

    HISTORICAL PERIODS OF PHILOSOPHY

    • Metaphysical period (6th century BC - 14th century AD): Study of physical reality and humanity, seeking a fundamental principle for explaining the order that exists. Includes cosmological and anthropological phases.

    • Epistemological period (15th-18th centuries): Reflection on human knowledge. Includes rationalism, empiricism, and transcendental idealism.

    • Humanistic period (19th-21st centuries): Focus on humanity, its capacity to act and transform the world. Emphasizes ethics, sentiment, and relationship with society.

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    Description

    Este cuestionario explora la diferencia entre mito y logos, centrándose en la evolución del pensamiento filosófico en Grecia en el siglo VI a.C. Se analizan las características del mito como pre-racional y las bases racionales del logos. Además, se discuten las causas y consecuencias del surgimiento de la filosofía en este contexto histórico.

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