Minnesota Cosmetology Practice Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What term refers to pus-forming organisms that grow in clusters?

Staphylococci

What does a local infection indicate?

The boil or pimple contains pus.

What are organisms that live on other living organisms without benefiting them called?

Parasites

What is the body's ability to destroy bacteria that have gained entrance called?

Immunity Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria are _____ vegetable microorganisms found nearly everywhere.

one-celled Signup and view all the answers

What is pus?

A fluid created by tissue inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

What infectious disease should never be treated in a school or salon?

Scabies Signup and view all the answers

What are infectious microorganisms smaller than bacteria called?

Viruses Signup and view all the answers

The body develops _______ after it has overcome a disease or through inoculation.

acquired immunity Signup and view all the answers

How long can a person be infected with HIV without having symptoms?

Many years Signup and view all the answers

What are harmful organisms that produce disease called?

Pathogenic organisms Signup and view all the answers

A ________ infection results when the bloodstream carries the bacteria or virus and their toxins to all parts of the body.

general Signup and view all the answers

When bacteria grow and reach their largest size, they divide and split into two new cells. This division is called _____

mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What are the new cells formed from mitosis called?

Daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

Immunity against disease can be __________ or acquired.

natural Signup and view all the answers

When a disease becomes _______ it spreads from one person to another.

contagious Signup and view all the answers

Any surface that is not free of dirt, hair, or microbes is known as?

Contaminated Signup and view all the answers

The three levels of decontamination are sterilization, disinfection, and _____

sanitation Signup and view all the answers

The method of sterilization included high-pressure steam or _____

dry heat autoclave Signup and view all the answers

Substances that kill microbes on contaminated tools and other nonporous surfaces are called _____

disinfectants Signup and view all the answers

Disinfectants must be registered with the _____

EPA Signup and view all the answers

What does MSDS stand for?

Material Safety Data Sheet Signup and view all the answers

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration was created as part of the _____

DOL Signup and view all the answers

Most QUATS disinfect implements within _____ minutes.

10 Signup and view all the answers

If salon implements come into contact with blood, they should be cleaned and immersed in _______

EPA registered disinfectant Signup and view all the answers

The third and lowest level of decontamination is known as?

Sanitation Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of the hair called?

Trichology Signup and view all the answers

What is the technical term for the hair found on the face?

Vellus Signup and view all the answers

What is one basic requisite for healthy hair?

Healthy diet Signup and view all the answers

Full-grown human hair is divided into two principal parts, which are known as the hair root and the ______

hair shaft Signup and view all the answers

Two of the most common types of ______ infections are furuncles and carbuncles.

Staphylococci Signup and view all the answers

What is the technical term for hair on the head?

Terminal Signup and view all the answers

What is a tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that encases the hair root called?

Follicle Signup and view all the answers

What is the thickened, club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root called?

Hair bulb Signup and view all the answers

What is the small involuntary muscle attached to the underside of the hair follicle called?

Arrector pili Signup and view all the answers

What causes hair to stand up straight, giving the appearance of goosebumps?

Fear or cold cause the arrector pili to contract. Signup and view all the answers

What glands consist of a sac-like structure in the dermis?

Sebaceous Signup and view all the answers

What oily substance keeps the skin surface soft and supple?

Sebum Signup and view all the answers

Hair is composed of cells arranged in ______ layers.

Three Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost layer of the hair called?

Cuticle Signup and view all the answers

The _______ is the middle layer of the hair which gives elasticity.

Cortex Signup and view all the answers

The _________ is the portion of the hair that projects beyond the skin.

Hair shaft Signup and view all the answers

The _____ portion of the hair is located below the surface of the scalp.

Hair root Signup and view all the answers

What is the small cone-shaped area located at the base of the follicle called?

Dermal papilla Signup and view all the answers

The average growth of healthy hair on the scalp is ____ inch per month.

one half Signup and view all the answers

What is hair flowing in the same direction known as?

Hair stream Signup and view all the answers

Cross-sections of straight hair tend to be _____

round Signup and view all the answers

Hair is composed of protein that grows from cells originating within the hair follicle. They mature in a process called _____

Keratinization Signup and view all the answers

Cross-sections of extremely curly hair tend to be _____

Oval Signup and view all the answers

Qualities by which hair is analyzed include texture, density, ______, and elasticity.

porosity Signup and view all the answers

What is the ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original form called?

Elasticity Signup and view all the answers

What is the ability of the hair to absorb moisture known as?

Porosity Signup and view all the answers

Hair is approximately _______ protein.

90% Signup and view all the answers

What is the technical term for the most common type of hair loss?

Androgenic alopecia Signup and view all the answers

Hair protein is made up of long chains of ____________, which are made up of elements.

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called ________ chain.

Polypeptides Signup and view all the answers

A _______ bond is a physical side bond that is easily broken by water or heat.

Hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is a tropical medication applied to the scalp twice daily to stimulate hair growth?

Minoxidil Signup and view all the answers

What is the technical term for gray/unpigmented hair?

Canitis Signup and view all the answers

Salts bonds are easily broken by strong _ or _ solutions.

alkaline, acidic Signup and view all the answers

What is known as an abnormal development of hair on areas of the body that normally bear only downy hair?

Hypertrichosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the technical term for split hair ends?

Trichoptilosis Signup and view all the answers

A furuncle is an acute localized bacterial infection known as a _____?

Boil Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of an acute staphylococci infection and is larger than a furuncle?

Carbuncle Signup and view all the answers

What is a highly contagious, animal parasitic skin disease caused by the itch mite?

Scabies Signup and view all the answers

Two different types of melanin are ______ and pheomelanin.

Eumelanin Signup and view all the answers

What contagious condition is caused by the head louse?

Pediculosis capitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for dandruff?

Pityriasis Signup and view all the answers

A _____ bond joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring amino acids.

Disulfide Signup and view all the answers

What is used to test the water temperature?

The inner side of your wrist Signup and view all the answers

What tool is used to cut hair with a softer edge?

Razor Signup and view all the answers

The comb used to taper in the nape and side is known as a _______ comb.

Barber Signup and view all the answers

What comb is used mainly to detangle the hair?

Wide-Tooth Signup and view all the answers

_______ Points are points on the head that mark where the surface jawline changes.

Reference Signup and view all the answers

Lines that are parallel to the floor are called _____ lines.

Horizontal Signup and view all the answers

Lines that are perpendicular to the floor are ________ lines.

Vertical Signup and view all the answers

What haircutting technique is measured in degrees?

Elevation Signup and view all the answers

Lines that are used for blending and stacking are _______ lines.

diagonal Signup and view all the answers

A stable guide that does not move is also known as a ______.

Stationary Signup and view all the answers

Cutting all the hair to one length is a/an _____ cut.

blunt Signup and view all the answers

What cut has a stacked area around the exterior and is cut at a low to medium elevation?

Graduated Signup and view all the answers

What cutting technique involves using the points of shears to create texture?

Notching Signup and view all the answers

What are subdivisions of a section, used for control when cutting known as?

Subsections Signup and view all the answers

If the hair is cut partially wet and partially dry, the results will be _____

uneven Signup and view all the answers

What tool, also known as trimmers, are used to clean necklines and around the ears?

Edgers Signup and view all the answers

What tool is called to cut a blunt straight line?

Shears Signup and view all the answers

When the hair is cut at 90 degrees and higher, the result is a ______ haircut.

Layered Signup and view all the answers

What is a 180-degree haircut also known as?

Long layered haircut Signup and view all the answers

A zero-degree haircut is also known as a _____ elevation.

low Signup and view all the answers

What popular barbing technique has become favored by cosmetologists?

Shears-over-comb method Signup and view all the answers

A/an __________ is a thin continuous mark used as a guide.

Line Signup and view all the answers

Gliding the fingers and shears along the edge of the hair to remove length is called __________ cutting.

Slide Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of thinning with shears known as?

Effilating (Limiting Weight) Signup and view all the answers

Guides are mostly used in blunt one-length haircuts, or when using over direction to create a length or weight increase in a haircut is known as?

Stationary Signup and view all the answers

Over Direction is used mostly in graduated and layered haircuts, and in those situations where a length increase in the design is desired. Confirm if this statement is true or false.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is it called when a haircut is picked up and not blended?

Disconnection Signup and view all the answers

Finger angle will determine your __________.

cutting line Signup and view all the answers

What haircut will create weight and bulk?

Graduation haircut Signup and view all the answers

What lines create a feeling of weight?

Horizontal lines Signup and view all the answers

What lines create a feeling of weightlessness?

Vertical lines Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Terminology and Definitions

Pimples and Boils: Caused by staphylococci, these pus-forming organisms grow in clusters.
Local Infection: Characterized by boils or pimples that contain pus.
Parasites: Organisms that live on other hosts and do not provide benefits in return.
Immunity: The body's capability to eliminate bacteria that have entered.
One-celled Bacteria: Vegetal microorganisms found ubiquitously around the environment.
Pus: A fluid produced through tissue inflammation.
Scabies: A contagious skin condition caused by mites; requires referral to a physician for treatment.
Viruses: Infectious microorganisms smaller than bacteria, affecting various plants and animals.
Acquired Immunity: Develops after overcoming a disease or through vaccination.
HIV: Can be asymptomatic for many years after initial infection.
Pathogenic Organisms: Harmful microorganisms that induce disease.
General Infection: Occurs when bacteria or viruses spread through the bloodstream to various body parts.

Cellular Growth and Hair Anatomy

Mitosis: Bacterial division process that creates two new cells.
Daughter Cells: Resulting cells from the mitotic division.
Natural Immunity: The body's innate defense against disease.
Contagious Diseases: Spread from individual to individual.
Contaminated Surfaces: Surfaces that harbor dirt, hair, or microbes.
Sanitation: The lowest level of decontamination above contamination.
Sterilization Methods: Includes both high-pressure steam and dry heat autoclaving.

Hair and Scalp Health

Trichology: The scientific study focused on hair.
Vellus Hair: The fine, soft hair present on the face.
Healthy Diet: Essential for maintaining healthy hair.
Hair Components: Comprised of hair root and hair shaft.
Hair Growth Rate: Approximately one half-inch per month on average.
Hair Texture Characteristics: Analyzed attributes include texture, density, porosity, and elasticity.

Hair Structure

Hair Shaft: The visible part of hair that extends beyond the scalp.
Hair Root: Part located beneath the skin surface.
Hair Layers: Divided into three main layers—cuticle (outer), cortex (middle), and medulla (inner).
Sebum: Oily substance from sebaceous glands that keeps skin supple.
Keratinization: Process through which hair cells mature and harden.

Hair Types and Conditions

Androgenic Alopecia: The scientific term for the most prevalent form of hair loss.
Split Ends: Known as Trichoptilosis, indicating damage to the hair.
Dandruff: Medically referred to as Pityriasis.

Hair Cutting Techniques

Elevation: Measured in degrees during hair cutting.
Graduated Cut: Features stacked areas and is cut at low to medium elevation.
Notching: Texturing technique using shear points.
Guides: Stationary guides used in specific haircut styles for stability.
Disconnection: A hair cutting method that is not blended.

Tools and Lines

Shears: Utilized for blunt cutting and defining sharp lines.
Combs: Wide-tooth combs are for detangling, while barbers' combs taper hair.
Guiding Lines: Horizontal lines indicate weight, while vertical lines suggest weightlessness.
Finger Angle: Critical for determining the cutting line.

Hair Bonding and Composition

Disulfide Bond: Joins sulfur atoms of neighboring amino acids in hair.
Protein Content: Hair composition is around 90% protein, primarily keratin.
Polypeptides: Long chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Hair Styling Practices

Layered Haircuts: Created by cutting hair at 90 degrees or higher.
Effilating: Thinning technique done with shears to reduce bulk.
Razor Cutting: Produces softer edges and softer cuts.

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Test your knowledge with these comprehensive flashcards on key terms used in Minnesota's Board of Cosmetology. Each card includes important definitions related to skin infections, immunity, and organisms relevant to the field. Enhance your understanding and prepare for your cosmetology exams effectively.

Minnesota Cosmetology Practice Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What term refers to pus-forming organisms that grow in clusters?

What does a local infection indicate?

What are organisms that live on other living organisms without benefiting them called?

What is the body's ability to destroy bacteria that have gained entrance called?

Bacteria are _____ vegetable microorganisms found nearly everywhere.

What is pus?

What infectious disease should never be treated in a school or salon?

What are infectious microorganisms smaller than bacteria called?

The body develops _______ after it has overcome a disease or through inoculation.

How long can a person be infected with HIV without having symptoms?

What are harmful organisms that produce disease called?

A ________ infection results when the bloodstream carries the bacteria or virus and their toxins to all parts of the body.

When bacteria grow and reach their largest size, they divide and split into two new cells. This division is called _____

What are the new cells formed from mitosis called?

Immunity against disease can be __________ or acquired.

When a disease becomes _______ it spreads from one person to another.

Any surface that is not free of dirt, hair, or microbes is known as?

The three levels of decontamination are sterilization, disinfection, and _____

The method of sterilization included high-pressure steam or _____

Substances that kill microbes on contaminated tools and other nonporous surfaces are called _____

Disinfectants must be registered with the _____

What does MSDS stand for?

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration was created as part of the _____

Most QUATS disinfect implements within _____ minutes.

If salon implements come into contact with blood, they should be cleaned and immersed in _______

The third and lowest level of decontamination is known as?

What is the study of the hair called?

What is the technical term for the hair found on the face?

What is one basic requisite for healthy hair?

Full-grown human hair is divided into two principal parts, which are known as the hair root and the ______

Two of the most common types of ______ infections are furuncles and carbuncles.

What is the technical term for hair on the head?

What is a tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that encases the hair root called?

What is the thickened, club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root called?

What is the small involuntary muscle attached to the underside of the hair follicle called?

What causes hair to stand up straight, giving the appearance of goosebumps?

What glands consist of a sac-like structure in the dermis?

What oily substance keeps the skin surface soft and supple?

Hair is composed of cells arranged in ______ layers.

What is the outermost layer of the hair called?

The _______ is the middle layer of the hair which gives elasticity.

The _________ is the portion of the hair that projects beyond the skin.

The _____ portion of the hair is located below the surface of the scalp.

What is the small cone-shaped area located at the base of the follicle called?

The average growth of healthy hair on the scalp is ____ inch per month.

What is hair flowing in the same direction known as?

Cross-sections of straight hair tend to be _____

Hair is composed of protein that grows from cells originating within the hair follicle. They mature in a process called _____

Cross-sections of extremely curly hair tend to be _____

Qualities by which hair is analyzed include texture, density, ______, and elasticity.

What is the ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original form called?

What is the ability of the hair to absorb moisture known as?

Hair is approximately _______ protein.

What is the technical term for the most common type of hair loss?

Hair protein is made up of long chains of ____________, which are made up of elements.

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called ________ chain.

A _______ bond is a physical side bond that is easily broken by water or heat.

What is a tropical medication applied to the scalp twice daily to stimulate hair growth?

What is the technical term for gray/unpigmented hair?

Salts bonds are easily broken by strong _____ or _____ solutions.

What is known as an abnormal development of hair on areas of the body that normally bear only downy hair?

What is the technical term for split hair ends?

A furuncle is an acute localized bacterial infection known as a _____?

What is a result of an acute staphylococci infection and is larger than a furuncle?

What is a highly contagious, animal parasitic skin disease caused by the itch mite?

Two different types of melanin are ______ and pheomelanin.

What contagious condition is caused by the head louse?

What is the medical term for dandruff?

A _____ bond joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring amino acids.

What is used to test the water temperature?

What tool is used to cut hair with a softer edge?

The comb used to taper in the nape and side is known as a _______ comb.

What comb is used mainly to detangle the hair?

_______ Points are points on the head that mark where the surface jawline changes.

Lines that are parallel to the floor are called _____ lines.

Lines that are perpendicular to the floor are ________ lines.

What haircutting technique is measured in degrees?

Lines that are used for blending and stacking are _______ lines.

Salts bonds are easily broken by strong _ or _ solutions.