Miner Machine Facilities Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary concern when peeling vegetables and fruits?

Enhancing flavor

Increasing nutrient retention

Maximizing skin thickness

Minimizing microbial growth (correct)

What is the main disadvantage of abrasion peeling?

It is too time-consuming

It is less effective on root vegetables

It does not efficiently peel all types of produce

It can lead to high product loss due to damage (correct)

Which method is typically used for peeling potatoes and root vegetables?

Lye peeling

Water peeling

Steam peeling (correct)

Mechanical peeling

What is an effect of using a blunt blade during the cutting process?

It enhances microbial growth Signup and view all the answers

What factor is NOT mentioned as influencing the extent of injury to the product during peeling?

Temperature of the product Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributes to the increased perishability of cut produce?

Reduction of its natural protective skin Signup and view all the answers

What does mechanical cutting do to the produce that can increase spoilage?

Increases surface area exposure Signup and view all the answers

What type of deterioration can occur due to improper handling and cutting of produce?

Physical quality deterioration Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical requirement for water used in fruit processing?

Water should be free of organic matter. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the water used in processing fruits is not of the desired quality?

Undertake cleaning of fruits and vegetables. Signup and view all the answers

Which category corresponds to fruit processing units with an annual production of 10-50 tonnes?

Cottage scale Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum required area for a small scale (B) fruit processing unit?

150 m² Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to wash fruits before processing?

To remove surface contamination. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect the selection of processing techniques for fruits?

The color of the raw material. Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of saline water on fruit processing?

It adversely affects the taste of the products. Signup and view all the answers

What initial step is vital before adopting any minimal processing technique for fruits?

Preparatory operations including washing. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to the combination of techniques used in food preservation?

Hurdle technology Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant hurdle in food preservation?

High water activity Signup and view all the answers

Which packaging method is associated with matching the respiration rates of fruits and vegetables?

Active packaging Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a potential pollution issue in the processing industry?

High volumes of waste Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential benefit of utilizing food processing by-products?

Source of natural food additives Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of waste is specifically mentioned as a major generator in the food processing industry?

Peels and seeds Signup and view all the answers

What was identified as an economic source of natural colorants and flavoring agents?

Waste from food processing Signup and view all the answers

Which of these could pose regulatory issues in food preservation?

Safety assessment of process-specific effects Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the essential criteria for selecting a site for a processing plant?

Accessibility to transportation facilities Signup and view all the answers

Which type of building construction is more suitable for larger processing plants running throughout the year?

Multi-storied construction Signup and view all the answers

What should the slope of the flooring in a processing plant be for proper drainage?

2% per meter Signup and view all the answers

In a processing plant, why should doors, windows, and ventilators be equipped with fine wire gauge?

To prevent entry of insects Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration for water supply in a processing plant?

Water must be of potable nature Signup and view all the answers

Which type of layout is associated with handling all types of jams, pickles, and juices?

Process layout Signup and view all the answers

What must be provided for the convenience of workers in a processing plant?

Separate dressing and toilet rooms for male and female workers Signup and view all the answers

What type of layout is specifically designed for single fruit processing, such as mango products?

Single product layout Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary benefits of utilizing horticultural waste?

It can be used to extract valuable bioactive compounds. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities is NOT mentioned as a benefit of bioactive compounds from horticultural by-products?

Sedative Signup and view all the answers

The horticultural waste considered includes by-products from which of the following sources?

Fruits and vegetables Signup and view all the answers

What kind of activities do many compounds from horticultural wastes possess?

Beneficial health attributes Signup and view all the answers

Why have horticultural by-products not been taken seriously in the past?

They were not considered valuable materials. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vegetables is mentioned as having beneficial compounds that can be extracted?

Potato Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is NOT listed among those recovered from horticultural waste?

Folic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the aims of utilizing horticultural waste materials?

To establish sustainable development. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Processing Plant Location

Site must have easy access to local parts and transportation for raw materials and finished products.
Adequate supply of potable water and three-phase electricity is essential.
Clean environment, free from debris and pollution, preferred for processing plants.
Distance from other industries is recommended to avoid exposure to smoke and odors.
Infrastructure for waste disposal and sufficient labor availability are necessary.
Location should allow for future expansion of the processing facility.

Building Requirements

Processing plants can be single or multi-storied; single-story is suitable for smaller units.
Multi-storied buildings help in transportation of raw materials and heavy machinery.
Floors must be firm for heavy usage with a slope for drainage.
Fine wire gauges should cover all openings to prevent insect intrusion.
High ceilings are needed for proper ventilation of vapors and steam.
Large glass windows enhance lighting and natural airflow.
Separate dressing and toileting areas are required for male and female employees.

Plant Layout Types

Layout options include product-centric, focusing on single product types, or process-oriented, facilitating multiple product handling.
Product layout deals with specific products like mango processing, jam, or ketchup.
In product layout, machinery is organized based on the processing stages of entire products.

Water Supply and Drainage

A consistent potable water supply is critical for cleaning and processing operations.
Water must be free of contaminants such as iron, sulfur, and should not be saline.
A water softening plant may be required if water quality does not meet standards.

Categorization of Fruit Processing Units

Governed by the Fruit Products Order (1955) in India, categorization based on annual production and space requirement:
- Home scale: Up to 25 tonnes, requires 125 m².
- Cottage scale: 10-50 tonnes, requires 60 m².
- Small scale (A): 50-100 tonnes, requires 700 m².
- Small scale (B): 100-250 tonnes, requires 1500 m².
- Large scale: Over 250 tonnes.

Preliminary Operations in Processing

Essential preparatory operations: washing, peeling, trimming, and cutting enhance product quality.
Types of peeling include abrasion, steam, and lye methods; choice depends on raw materials.
Mechanical injury during processing can accelerate spoilage; careful handling is critical.

Waste Utilization and Environmental Impact

Significant waste is generated during processing, including peels and seeds, which can lead to pollution.
Horticultural waste is rich in bioactive compounds which can be processed for health benefits.
Recovery of valuable bioactive compounds from waste materials is crucial for sustainable practices.
Potential applications for by-products include food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and textiles.

Bioactive Compounds from Horticultural Waste

Horticultural waste is a source of pigments, phenolic compounds, and dietary fibers with health benefits.
Compounds may exhibit antiviral and antibacterial properties, contributing to food and health industries.
Effective utilization of waste can contribute to sustainable development goals and promote public health initiatives.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential aspects of setting up facilities for miner machines. It discusses the locality requirements, such as transport facilities, access to potable water, electricity, and the importance of a clean environment. Understanding these factors is critical for establishing an effective processing industry.