Minor Office Surgery Overview

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Questions and Answers

What are forceps used for?

To pick up or hold small objects.

What are the characteristics of a minor surgical procedure?

A minor surgical procedure is performed in an ambulatory health care facility. It does not, under normal circumstances, pose a major risk to life or the function of an organ or body parts.

What are the responsibilities of a medical assistant during a minor surgical operation?

Explaining patient preparation, obtaining consent, preparing the treatment room, and preparing the patient.

What is the purpose of serrations found on some instruments?

<p>Serrations are saw-like teeth that grasp tissue and prevent it from slipping out of the jaws of the instrument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in function between mosquito hemostatic forceps and standard hemostatic forceps?

<p>Mosquito hemostatic forceps are used to hold delicate tissue or clamp smaller blood vessels; standard hemostatic forceps are used for larger blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List five guidelines that should be followed in caring for instruments.

<p>Handle instruments carefully, do not pile them, sanitize and sterilize properly, use as intended, keep sharps away from others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a closed and an open wound?

<p>A closed wound is an injury without a break in the skin; an open wound has a break in the skin that exposes underlying tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does a puncture wound encourage the growth of tetanus bacteria?

<p>Tetanus bacteria grow best in a warm anaerobic environment like that found in a puncture wound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of inflammation?

<p>To destroy invading microorganisms and remove damaged tissue debris for proper healing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the four local signs that occur during inflammation.

<p>Redness, swelling, pain, warmth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the inflammatory phase of wound healing?

<p>A fibrin network forms, resulting in a blood clot that plugs the wound opening.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the granulation phase of wound healing?

<p>Fibroblasts migrate to the wound and synthesize collagen, and new capillaries grow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the maturation phase of wound healing?

<p>Collagen continues to be synthesized, and granulation tissue hardens into scar tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a furuncle?

<p>A boil; a suppurative inflammatory skin lesion due to an infected hair follicle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is homeostasis?

<p>A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an incision?

<p>The process of cutting into.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an infection?

<p>Contamination or invasion of body tissue by pathogenic organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is inflammation?

<p>A localized response to an injury or destruction of tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a laceration?

<p>To cut.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nonabsorbable suture?

<p>Suture material that is not absorbed by the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a puncture?

<p>A small hole made by a sharp object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does sterile mean?

<p>No living microbes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is surgery?

<p>Treatment by manual or operative methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is surgical asepsis?

<p>Techniques used to destroy all pathogenic organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a wound?

<p>A break in the skin or mucous membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an exudate?

<p>Material that has escaped from blood vessels during the inflammatory process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the appearance of serous exudate: It contains ________ and appears clear and watery.

<p>serum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the appearance of sanguineous exudate: It has a ________ color and is composed of red blood cells.

<p>red</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the appearance of purulent exudate: It contains ________ and is usually thick with an unpleasant odor.

<p>pus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the appearance of serosanguineous exudate: It consists of clear and ________ drainage.

<p>blood-tinged</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the appearance of purosanguineous exudate: It consists of ________ and blood.

<p>pus</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two functions of a sterile dressing.

<p>To protect the wound from contamination and trauma; to absorb drainage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the smallest sutures from the following?: 4-0 silk, 2-0 silk, 0 chromic surgical gut, 3-0 chromic surgical gut.

<p>4-0 silk</p> Signup and view all the answers

List five examples of materials used for nonabsorbable sutures.

<p>Silk, nylon, polyester, polypropylene, stainless steel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a swaged needle?

<p>A swaged needle is permanently attached to the end of the suture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are sutures inserted in the head and neck generally removed sooner?

<p>This area has a better blood supply and heals more rapidly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two advantages of using surgical skin staples.

<p>Fastest method of closure for long skin incisions; reduces trauma to tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three advantages of adhesive skin closures.

<p>Eliminate need for sutures; easy to apply; result in less scarring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preparing the patient's skin before minor office surgery?

<p>To reduce the risk of surgical wound contamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a fenestrated drape?

<p>To provide a sterile area around the operative site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of a local anesthetic?

<p>Produces loss of sensation in a localized area and takes effect in 5 to 15 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding epinephrine to a local anesthetic?

<p>Epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor that prolongs anesthetic effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most frequently used local anesthetic in minor office surgery?

<p>Xylocaine (lidocaine hydrochloride).</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should an instrument be handed to the physician during minor office surgery?

<p>In its functional position and firm manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sebaceous cyst?

<p>A thin, closed sac located just under the skin containing secretions from a sebaceous gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using gauze packing or a rubber Penrose drain after incising a localized infection?

<p>To keep the edges of the tissue held apart to facilitate drainage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between congenital nevi and acquired nevi?

<p>Congenital nevi are moles present at birth; acquired nevi develop over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of benign moles?

<p>Usually smaller than a pencil eraser; vary in color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are skin tags?

<p>Small, painless, benign growths that project from the skin on a narrow stalk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the appearance of dysplastic nevi.

<p>Larger than normal moles, with irregular coloration and shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the characteristics of melanoma.

<p>Asymmetrical, irregular border, varies in color, larger than 1/4 inch, may be painful or bleed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the postoperative instructions for toenail removal?

<p>Keep area clean and dry, apply antibiotic ointment, wear loose-fitting shoes for 2 weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common methods used to remove moles?

<p>Shave excision, surgical excision, laser surgery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a biopsy?

<p>To determine whether a tumor is malignant or benign.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ingrown toenail?

<p>An ingrown toenail occurs when the edge of the toenail grows deeply into the nail groove.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three causes of an ingrown toenail.

<p>Tight shoes, trauma, improper nail trimming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two reasons for performing a colposcopy.

<p>To follow up on abnormal Pap test results; evaluate a vaginal or cervical lesion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing a cervical punch biopsy?

<p>To detect cervical dysplasia or cancer; diagnose polyps or genital warts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List postoperative instructions after a cervical punch biopsy.

<p>Minimal cramping/bleeding may occur; no douching/tampons/intercourse for 1 week.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two uses of cryosurgery.

<p>To treat cervical dysplasia; to treat chronic cervicitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List postoperative instructions after cervical cryosurgery.

<p>Resume normal activities the next day; use pads for discharge; no intercourse for 2-3 weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three functions of a bandage.

<p>To apply pressure; control bleeding; protect the wound from contamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List four guidelines to follow when applying a bandage.

<p>Ensure area is clean; avoid skin surfaces touching; expose fingers/toes if possible; obtain new bandage if dropped.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List four signs that may indicate a bandage is too tight.

<p>Coldness, pallor, numbness, swelling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should the medical assistant be careful when applying an elastic bandage?

<p>It is easy to apply too tightly and impede circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reversing the spiral during a spiral-reverse turn in bandaging?

<p>Allows for a smoother fit and keeps bandages from gaping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two uses of the figure-eight bandage turn.

<p>To hold a dressing in place; support and immobilize an injured joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bandage turn is used to anchor a bandage?

<p>Circular.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Crile-Wood needle holder?

<p>A grasping instrument with delicate jaws used to hold needles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are plain splinter forceps used for?

<p>To remove foreign bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Kelly hemostatic forceps used for?

<p>Crushing instrument used to clamp larger blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Littauer suture removal scissors used for?

<p>To remove sutures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are operating scissors used for?

<p>Dissection and cutting through fine tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are thumb forceps?

<p>Special tissue forceps that hold and release tissue easily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a scalpel?

<p>A two-piece instrument used to make incisions and excisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Lister bandage scissors used for?

<p>Used to remove bandages and dressings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Foerster sponge forceps used for?

<p>Used to hold gauze squares to sponge the surgical site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are standard tissue forceps classified by?

<p>Number of teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are mosquito hemostatic forceps also known as?

<p>Capillary clamp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an abrasion?

<p>Scrape of the skin due to something abrasive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an abscess?

<p>Localized collection of pus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are absorbable sutures?

<p>Suture material that is gradually digested and absorbed by the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is approximation?

<p>Near or close estimate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a bandage?

<p>A piece of soft material that covers and protects an injured part of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a biopsy?

<p>Diagnostic examination of a piece of tissue from the living body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is capillary action?

<p>The attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a colposcope?

<p>Instrument used for visual examination of the vagina and cervix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to contaminate?

<p>To make something impure by exposure to a poisonous substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contusion?

<p>Bruise or injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cryosurgery?

<p>Destruction of tissue by using extreme cold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fibroblasts?

<p>Spindle-shaped cells that form connective tissue proper.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does bi/o mean?

<p>Life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does -opsy mean?

<p>View of.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does colp/o mean?

<p>Vagina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does -scope mean?

<p>Instrument for viewing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does -scopy mean?

<p>Visual examination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cry/o mean?

<p>Cold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does fibr/o mean?

<p>Fiber, fibrous tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does hem/o mean?

<p>Relating to blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does -stasis mean?

<p>Stopping, controlling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Minor Office Surgery Overview

  • Forceps are used to pick up or hold small objects during procedures.
  • Minor surgical procedures occur in ambulatory settings, posing minimal life risk.

Medical Assistant Responsibilities

  • Explain patient preparation and obtain informed consent.
  • Prepare the treatment room and assist in preparing the patient.

Surgical Instruments and Techniques

  • Serrations on instruments help grasp tissue without slipping.
  • Mosquito hemostatic forceps secure delicate tissue or smaller blood vessels, while standard hemostatic forceps handle larger vessels.
  • Proper instrument care includes careful handling and sanitation.

Wound Types

  • Closed wounds have no break in the surface; open wounds expose underlying tissue.
  • Puncture wounds are ideal for tetanus bacteria growth due to the anaerobic environment.

Inflammation and Healing Phases

  • Inflammation destroys microorganisms and clears damaged tissue, marked by redness, swelling, pain, and warmth.
  • Healing progresses through phases:
    • Inflammatory phase with clotting and fibrin network formation.
    • Granulation phase involves fibroblast activity and new capillary growth.
    • Maturation phase where collagen hardens into scar tissue.

Surgical Sutures

  • Nonabsorbable sutures remain in the body or must be removed; examples include silk and nylon.
  • Swaged needles reduce tissue trauma and do not require re-threading.

Postoperative Care

  • Instructions after procedures like toenail removal and cervical biopsies include keeping the area clean, avoiding certain activities, and monitoring signs of complications.

Skin Conditions and Treatments

  • Sebaceous cysts and skin tags are common benign conditions found in specific body areas.
  • Dysplastic nevi have irregular features and can develop into melanoma, which presents with asymmetrical shape, irregular borders, and varied colors.

Bandaging Techniques

  • Proper bandaging applies pressure, controls bleeding, and protects wounds.
  • Signs of bandage issues include coldness, numbness, or swelling, indicating it may be too tight.

Cryosurgery and Biopsy

  • Cryosurgery uses extreme cold to destroy tissue, often for cervical abnormalities.
  • Biopsies determine if tissues are malignant or benign and require careful postoperative instructions.

Common Surgical Instruments

  • Crile-Wood needle holder is used for grasping.
  • Littauer scissors are specifically for suture removal.
  • Foerster sponge forceps hold gauze for sponging during surgery.

Medical Terminology

  • Homeostasis maintains a stable internal environment.
  • Colposcope is an instrument for examining the vagina and cervix.
  • Abscess is a localized pus collection, while contusion refers to a bruise.

These study notes capture the essential details of minor office surgery, illustrating the roles, procedures, and considerations in both surgical and healing contexts.

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