Podcast
Questions and Answers
All professional hair services must be based on a thorough understanding of the growth, ____ , and composition of hair.
All professional hair services must be based on a thorough understanding of the growth, ____ , and composition of hair.
structure
Why is it important for a cosmetologist to study and understand the properties of the hair and scalp?
Why is it important for a cosmetologist to study and understand the properties of the hair and scalp?
- You need to know how and why our hair grows and how and why it falls out in order to be able to differentiate between normal and abnormal hair loss. 2) Knowing what creates natural hair color and texture is a vital part of being able to offer a variety of chemical services to clients. 3) Spotting an unhealthy scalp condition that could harbor a communicable disease or cause permanent hair loss helps in caring for clients' scalp and hair well-being.
_______ is the scientific study of hair and its diseases and care.
_______ is the scientific study of hair and its diseases and care.
trichology
What are the two parts of a mature strand of human hair?
What are the two parts of a mature strand of human hair?
The ___ is located below the surface of the epidermis.
The ___ is located below the surface of the epidermis.
The _____ is the portion of the hair that projects above the epidermis.
The _____ is the portion of the hair that projects above the epidermis.
What is the small cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle?
What is the small cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle?
What is the tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root?
What is the tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root?
What is the name of the small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle?
What is the name of the small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle?
What are the oil glands in the skin that are connected to the hair follicles called?
What are the oil glands in the skin that are connected to the hair follicles called?
What is the thickened, club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the root?
What is the thickened, club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the root?
Hair follicles are distributed all over the body, with the exception of:
Hair follicles are distributed all over the body, with the exception of:
More than one hair will never grow from a single follicle.
More than one hair will never grow from a single follicle.
Which part of the hair root contains blood and nerve supply that provides the nutrients needed for hair growth?
Which part of the hair root contains blood and nerve supply that provides the nutrients needed for hair growth?
Which muscle causes goosebumps when it contracts due to strong emotions or a cold sensation?
Which muscle causes goosebumps when it contracts due to strong emotions or a cold sensation?
The sebaceous glands secrete a fatty or oily substance called ____ which lubricates the skin.
The sebaceous glands secrete a fatty or oily substance called ____ which lubricates the skin.
What are the three main layers of the hair shaft?
What are the three main layers of the hair shaft?
The outermost layer of the hair is the _____.
The outermost layer of the hair is the _____.
Describe the hair cuticle layer.
Describe the hair cuticle layer.
Describe what a healthy cuticle layer protects.
Describe what a healthy cuticle layer protects.
If you hold the end of a single strand of hair in one hand and then grasp it between the thumb and forefinger of the other hand and move them down the hair shaft, the hair will feel ____.
If you hold the end of a single strand of hair in one hand and then grasp it between the thumb and forefinger of the other hand and move them down the hair shaft, the hair will feel ____.
Why must oxidation hair colors, permanent waving solutions, and chemical hair relaxers have an alkaline pH?
Why must oxidation hair colors, permanent waving solutions, and chemical hair relaxers have an alkaline pH?
Which layer is the cortex?
Which layer is the cortex?
What percentage of the total weight of hair comes from the cortex?
What percentage of the total weight of hair comes from the cortex?
Name three different hair properties for which the cortex is responsible.
Name three different hair properties for which the cortex is responsible.
In what layer of the hair do changes involving oxidation hair color, wet setting, thermal styling, perm waving and chemical hair relaxing take place?
In what layer of the hair do changes involving oxidation hair color, wet setting, thermal styling, perm waving and chemical hair relaxing take place?
The _______ is the innermost layer of the hair and is composed of round cells.
The _______ is the innermost layer of the hair and is composed of round cells.
All hair has three layers of the hair shaft.
All hair has three layers of the hair shaft.
All male beard hair contains a medulla.
All male beard hair contains a medulla.
The medulla is involved in salon services.
The medulla is involved in salon services.
Hair is composed of ______ that grows from cells originating with the hair follicle.
Hair is composed of ______ that grows from cells originating with the hair follicle.
The maturation of these cells is a process called ______.
The maturation of these cells is a process called ______.
Hair is a living thing.
Hair is a living thing.
Why is hair a living thing?
Why is hair a living thing?
List the main elements that make up human hair and their percentage in normal hair.
List the main elements that make up human hair and their percentage in normal hair.
Together, the five elements that make up human hair are referred to as the _____ elements.
Together, the five elements that make up human hair are referred to as the _____ elements.
What is the strong, chemical bond that joins amino acids?
What is the strong, chemical bond that joins amino acids?
What are units that are joined together and makeup proteins?
What are units that are joined together and makeup proteins?
What is a long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds?
What is a long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds?
What is the spiral shape of a coiled protein called?
What is the spiral shape of a coiled protein called?
Polypeptide chains are cross-linked like the rungs on a ladder by three different types of side bonds called:
Polypeptide chains are cross-linked like the rungs on a ladder by three different types of side bonds called:
A ________ bond is a weak, physical, cross-link side bond that is easily broken by water or heat; these bonds reform when the hair ____.
A ________ bond is a weak, physical, cross-link side bond that is easily broken by water or heat; these bonds reform when the hair ____.
Weak, physical, cross-linked side bonds between adjacent polypeptide chains are ____ bonds.
Weak, physical, cross-linked side bonds between adjacent polypeptide chains are ____ bonds.
A ________ bond is a strong, chemical side bond that joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids to create one cystine.
A ________ bond is a strong, chemical side bond that joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids to create one cystine.
How are the hair's strong chemical side bonds broken?
How are the hair's strong chemical side bonds broken?
What are the tiny grains of pigment in the cortex that give natural color to the hair?
What are the tiny grains of pigment in the cortex that give natural color to the hair?
Describe the two different types of melanin.
Describe the two different types of melanin.
How is gray hair different from other hair colors?
How is gray hair different from other hair colors?
The ________ of the hair refers to the shape of the hair strand and is described as ____ , _____ , _____ , or _____.
The ________ of the hair refers to the shape of the hair strand and is described as ____ , _____ , _____ , or _____.
Natural wave patterns are the result of _____.
Natural wave patterns are the result of _____.
Asians and Native Americans tend to have extremely ____ hair, while African Americans tend to have _____ hair.
Asians and Native Americans tend to have extremely ____ hair, while African Americans tend to have _____ hair.
In extremely curly hair, cross sections appear ______ and vary in shape and thickness along their length.
In extremely curly hair, cross sections appear ______ and vary in shape and thickness along their length.
The shape of a cross-section of hair always relates to the amount of curl in the hair.
The shape of a cross-section of hair always relates to the amount of curl in the hair.
Extremely curly hair often has _____ elasticity.
Extremely curly hair often has _____ elasticity.
The two main types of hair found on the body are:
The two main types of hair found on the body are:
Describe vellus hair.
Describe vellus hair.
On adults, vellus hair is usually found on the _____.
On adults, vellus hair is usually found on the _____.
Men retain ____ vellus hair than women.
Men retain ____ vellus hair than women.
Describe terminal hair.
Describe terminal hair.
Terminal hair is found where?
Terminal hair is found where?
All hair follicles are capable of producing either vellus or terminal hair, depending on genetics, age, and hormones.
All hair follicles are capable of producing either vellus or terminal hair, depending on genetics, age, and hormones.
What is the growth phase of new hair?
What is the growth phase of new hair?
What is the transition period between the growth and resting phases?
What is the transition period between the growth and resting phases?
What is the rest phase?
What is the rest phase?
What is the average growth of healthy scalp hair per month?
What is the average growth of healthy scalp hair per month?
When does hair tend to grow the most rapidly?
When does hair tend to grow the most rapidly?
What percentage of scalp hair is in the catagen phase at any one time?
What percentage of scalp hair is in the catagen phase at any one time?
What percentage of scalp hair is in the telogen phase at any one time?
What percentage of scalp hair is in the telogen phase at any one time?
How long does the anagen phase generally last?
How long does the anagen phase generally last?
Shaving, clipping, cutting the hair makes it grow back faster, darker, and coarser.
Shaving, clipping, cutting the hair makes it grow back faster, darker, and coarser.
Scalp massage increases hair growth.
Scalp massage increases hair growth.
Gray hair is coarser and more resistant than pigmented hair.
Gray hair is coarser and more resistant than pigmented hair.
A cross-section of hair can be almost any shape and its shape does not necessarily relate to the amount of curl or shape of the follicle.
A cross-section of hair can be almost any shape and its shape does not necessarily relate to the amount of curl or shape of the follicle.
Under normal circumstances, everyone loses some hair every day.
Under normal circumstances, everyone loses some hair every day.
According to recent measurements, the average rate of hair loss is _____ hairs per day.
According to recent measurements, the average rate of hair loss is _____ hairs per day.
Describe how bald and balding men are perceived by others.
Describe how bald and balding men are perceived by others.
Abnormal hair loss is not as common for women as in men, but it can be very traumatic for women who experience it.
Abnormal hair loss is not as common for women as in men, but it can be very traumatic for women who experience it.
Abnormal hair loss is called _____
Abnormal hair loss is called _____
_____ is the result of genetics, age, or hormonal change that causes terminal hair to ______.
_____ is the result of genetics, age, or hormonal change that causes terminal hair to ______.
In men, androgenic alopecia is known as _____ and usually progresses to the familiar horseshoe-shaped fringe of hair.
In men, androgenic alopecia is known as _____ and usually progresses to the familiar horseshoe-shaped fringe of hair.
By the age of 35, 40% of men and women show some degree of _____.
By the age of 35, 40% of men and women show some degree of _____.
How many people does androgenic alopecia affect in the US?
How many people does androgenic alopecia affect in the US?
What is alopecia areata?
What is alopecia areata?
Alopecia areata that progresses to total scalp hair loss is called _____. When it results in complete body hair loss it is called _____.
Alopecia areata that progresses to total scalp hair loss is called _____. When it results in complete body hair loss it is called _____.
Jane, a client at your salon, gave birth to her first baby three months ago. When she comes in for a service, she complains that her hair seems to be shedding. The condition is called _______. You reassure Jane that her hair growth cycle should eventually return to ____ within about ____ after the baby is delivered.
Jane, a client at your salon, gave birth to her first baby three months ago. When she comes in for a service, she complains that her hair seems to be shedding. The condition is called _______. You reassure Jane that her hair growth cycle should eventually return to ____ within about ____ after the baby is delivered.
What are the only two products that have been proven to stimulate hair growth and are approved by the FDA for sale in the US?
What are the only two products that have been proven to stimulate hair growth and are approved by the FDA for sale in the US?
A topical medication that is put on the scalp twice a day and is sold over the counter as a non-prescription drug is ____; the most commonly known product that contains this drug is called Rogaine.
A topical medication that is put on the scalp twice a day and is sold over the counter as a non-prescription drug is ____; the most commonly known product that contains this drug is called Rogaine.
_______ is an oral prescription medication for men only and is more effective and convenient than its non-prescription counterpart.
_______ is an oral prescription medication for men only and is more effective and convenient than its non-prescription counterpart.
Why are pregnant women warned against having any contact with the oral prescription medication used to treat hair loss in men?
Why are pregnant women warned against having any contact with the oral prescription medication used to treat hair loss in men?
Describe the most common permanent treatment for hair loss.
Describe the most common permanent treatment for hair loss.
What non-medical options can a hairstylist offer to counter hair loss?
What non-medical options can a hairstylist offer to counter hair loss?
Summarize the different possible causes of hair loss.
Summarize the different possible causes of hair loss.
What is a condition of abnormal hair growth?
What is a condition of abnormal hair growth?
What is the technical term for gray hair?
What is the technical term for gray hair?
What is the technical term for knotted hair?
What is the technical term for knotted hair?
What is the technical term for beaded hair?
What is the technical term for beaded hair?
What is the technical term for brittle hair?
What is the technical term for brittle hair?
What is a characteristic of ringed hair?
What is a characteristic of ringed hair?
What is the technical term for split ends?
What is the technical term for split ends?
There are two types of canities. They are _____ canities and _____ canities.
There are two types of canities. They are _____ canities and _____ canities.
Study Notes
Understanding Hair and Scalp Properties
- Professional hair services require a deep knowledge of hair growth, structure, and composition.
- A thorough understanding of hair properties helps differentiate between normal and abnormal hair loss.
- Knowledge about natural hair color and texture is essential for offering various chemical services to clients.
- Identifying unhealthy scalp conditions aids in client care and prevents permanent hair loss.
Trichology
- Trichology is the scientific study of hair and its diseases.
- The term originates from the Greek words "trichos" (hair) and "ology" (study of).
Hair Structure
- A mature human hair strand consists of two main parts: the hair root and the hair shaft.
- The hair root is located below the epidermis, while the hair shaft extends above it.
- The dermal papilla, a small cone-shaped elevation, fits into the hair bulb at the base of the hair follicle.
- Hair follicles are pockets in the skin or scalp that contain the hair root, while the arrector pili muscle is an involuntary muscle at the hair follicle's base.
- Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, an oily substance that lubricates the skin.
Hair Layers
- Hair consists of three main layers: cortex, cuticle, and medulla.
- The cuticle is the outermost layer, providing protection and contributing to hair's shine.
- The cortex, making up about 90% of hair’s weight, determines elasticity, natural color, and the effects of chemical treatments.
- The innermost layer, the medulla, comprises round cells and varies among individuals.
Hair Composition and Growth
- Hair is primarily composed of protein, with keratinization being the maturation process of hair cells.
- Major elements in hair include carbon (51%), oxygen (21%), hydrogen (6%), nitrogen (17%), and sulfur (5%), collectively known as the COHNS elements.
- Hair grows from the anagen phase, which typically lasts 3-5 years, and is followed by catagen (transition) and telogen (resting) phases.
Hair Loss
- Abnormal hair loss, or alopecia, can result from genetics, hormonal changes, or autoimmune disorders like alopecia areata.
- Androgenic alopecia, or male pattern baldness, affects millions, with 40% of people showing some hair loss by age 35.
- Postpartum alopecia may occur after childbirth, generally resolving within a year.
Treatments and Interventions
- FDA-approved products for hair growth include minoxidil (topical) and finasteride (oral prescription for men), with careful precautions for pregnant women.
- Non-medical options to address hair loss include wigs, toupees, hair weaving, and extensions.
Hair Anomalies and Conditions
- Conditions like hypertrichosis (abnormal hair growth) and canities (gray hair) are noted.
- Trichorrhexis nodosa refers to knotted hair, while trichoptilosis describes split ends.
- Ringed hair indicates alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair, while monilethrix is characterized by beaded hair.
Hair Types
- Two types of body hair exist: vellus (short, fine, and unpigmented) and terminal (long, coarse, and pigmented).
- Hair texture and shape are influenced by genetics, with varying degrees of curl across different ethnicities.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the properties of hair and scalp from Milday Chapter 11. This quiz covers essential concepts such as hair growth, structure, and composition that every cosmetologist should understand. Prepare yourself for a deeper understanding of these critical aspects of cosmetology.
