Podcast
Questions and Answers
All professional hair services must be based on a thorough understanding of the growth, ________________, and composition of the hair.
All professional hair services must be based on a thorough understanding of the growth, ________________, and composition of the hair.
structure
List why it is important for a cosmetologist to study and understand the properties of the hair and scalp.
List why it is important for a cosmetologist to study and understand the properties of the hair and scalp.
- You need to know how and why hair grows and falls out to differentiate between normal and abnormal hair loss. 2) Knowing what creates natural color and texture is vital for offering various chemical services. 3) Spotting an unhealthy scalp condition aids clients in caring for their scalp and hair's well-being.
___________________ is the scientific study of hair and its diseases and care.
___________________ is the scientific study of hair and its diseases and care.
trichology
A mature strand of human hair is divided into two parts: the _________________ and the _______________.
A mature strand of human hair is divided into two parts: the _________________ and the _______________.
What is a hair follicle?
What is a hair follicle?
What is the hair bulb?
What is the hair bulb?
What is the dermal papilla?
What is the dermal papilla?
What is the arrector pili muscle?
What is the arrector pili muscle?
What are sebaceous glands?
What are sebaceous glands?
Where are hair follicles not found on the body?
Where are hair follicles not found on the body?
More than one hair will never grow from a single follicle.
More than one hair will never grow from a single follicle.
The lowest part of the hair strand is called the hair __________.
The lowest part of the hair strand is called the hair __________.
Which part of the hair root contains the blood and nerve supply that provides nutrients for hair growth?
Which part of the hair root contains the blood and nerve supply that provides nutrients for hair growth?
Which muscle causes goose bumps?
Which muscle causes goose bumps?
The sebaceous glands secrete a fatty or oily substance called _________.
The sebaceous glands secrete a fatty or oily substance called _________.
What are the three main layers of the hair shaft?
What are the three main layers of the hair shaft?
The outermost layer of the hair is the ___________.
The outermost layer of the hair is the ___________.
Describe the hair cuticle layer.
Describe the hair cuticle layer.
What does a healthy cuticle layer protect?
What does a healthy cuticle layer protect?
If you hold the end of a single strand of hair in one hand and then grasp it between the thumb and forefinger of the other hand and move them down the hair shaft, the hair will feel ______________.
If you hold the end of a single strand of hair in one hand and then grasp it between the thumb and forefinger of the other hand and move them down the hair shaft, the hair will feel ______________.
Why must oxidation hair colors have an alkaline pH?
Why must oxidation hair colors have an alkaline pH?
Which layer of the hair is the cortex?
Which layer of the hair is the cortex?
What percentage of the total weight of hair comes from the cortex?
What percentage of the total weight of hair comes from the cortex?
Name three properties for which the cortex is responsible.
Name three properties for which the cortex is responsible.
In what layer do changes involving oxidation hair coloring take place?
In what layer do changes involving oxidation hair coloring take place?
The _______________ is the innermost layer of the hair and is composed of round cells.
The _______________ is the innermost layer of the hair and is composed of round cells.
All hair has three layers of the hair shaft.
All hair has three layers of the hair shaft.
All male beard hair contains a medulla.
All male beard hair contains a medulla.
The medulla is involved in salon services.
The medulla is involved in salon services.
Hair is composed of _______________ that grows from cells originating within the hair follicle.
Hair is composed of _______________ that grows from cells originating within the hair follicle.
The maturation of these cells is a process called _________________________.
The maturation of these cells is a process called _________________________.
Hair is a living thing. Explain your answer.
Hair is a living thing. Explain your answer.
List the main elements that make up human hair and their percentage in normal hair.
List the main elements that make up human hair and their percentage in normal hair.
Together, the five elements that make up human hair are referred to as the ___________ elements.
Together, the five elements that make up human hair are referred to as the ___________ elements.
What are amino acids?
What are amino acids?
What is the helix?
What is the helix?
What is a peptide bond?
What is a peptide bond?
What is a polypeptide chain?
What is a polypeptide chain?
What are the three different types of side bonds called?
What are the three different types of side bonds called?
A ___________________ bond is a weak, physical, cross-link side bond that is easily broken by water or heat.
A ___________________ bond is a weak, physical, cross-link side bond that is easily broken by water or heat.
What are salt bonds?
What are salt bonds?
A _______________ bond is a strong, chemical side bond that joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids.
A _______________ bond is a strong, chemical side bond that joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids.
How are the hair's strong chemical side bonds broken?
How are the hair's strong chemical side bonds broken?
What are melanin?
What are melanin?
How is gray hair different from other hair colors?
How is gray hair different from other hair colors?
The _____________ of hair refers to the shape of the hair strand.
The _____________ of hair refers to the shape of the hair strand.
What are the descriptions of wave patterns?
What are the descriptions of wave patterns?
What do natural wave patterns result from?
What do natural wave patterns result from?
Describe hair characteristics of Asians and Native Americans.
Describe hair characteristics of Asians and Native Americans.
Describe hair characteristics of African Americans.
Describe hair characteristics of African Americans.
In extremely curly hair, cross-sections appear ____________________.
In extremely curly hair, cross-sections appear ____________________.
The shape of a cross-section of hair always relates to the amount of curl in the hair.
The shape of a cross-section of hair always relates to the amount of curl in the hair.
Extremely curly hair often has _______________ elasticity.
Extremely curly hair often has _______________ elasticity.
What are the two main types of hair found on the body?
What are the two main types of hair found on the body?
Describe vellus hair.
Describe vellus hair.
Where is vellus hair usually found on adults?
Where is vellus hair usually found on adults?
Men retain __________ vellus hair than women.
Men retain __________ vellus hair than women.
Describe terminal hair.
Describe terminal hair.
Where is terminal hair found?
Where is terminal hair found?
All hair follicles are capable of producing either vellus or terminal hair.
All hair follicles are capable of producing either vellus or terminal hair.
What is the anagen phase?
What is the anagen phase?
What is the catagen phase?
What is the catagen phase?
What is the telogen phase?
What is the telogen phase?
What is the average growth of healthy scalp hair per month?
What is the average growth of healthy scalp hair per month?
When does scalp hair tend to grow most rapidly?
When does scalp hair tend to grow most rapidly?
What percentage of scalp hair is in the catagen phase at any one time?
What percentage of scalp hair is in the catagen phase at any one time?
What percentage of scalp hair is in the telogen phase at any one time?
What percentage of scalp hair is in the telogen phase at any one time?
How long does the anagen phase generally last?
How long does the anagen phase generally last?
Shaving, clipping, and cutting the hair makes it grow back faster, darker, and coarser.
Shaving, clipping, and cutting the hair makes it grow back faster, darker, and coarser.
Scalp massage increases hair growth.
Scalp massage increases hair growth.
Gray hair is coarser and more resistant than pigmented hair.
Gray hair is coarser and more resistant than pigmented hair.
A cross-section of hair can be almost any shape, and its shape does not necessarily relate to the amount of curl.
A cross-section of hair can be almost any shape, and its shape does not necessarily relate to the amount of curl.
Under normal circumstances, everyone loses some hair every day.
Under normal circumstances, everyone loses some hair every day.
According to recent measurements, what is the average rate of hair loss?
According to recent measurements, what is the average rate of hair loss?
Describe how bald and balding men are perceived by others.
Describe how bald and balding men are perceived by others.
Abnormal hair loss is not as common in women as in men.
Abnormal hair loss is not as common in women as in men.
Abnormal hair loss is called _________________.
Abnormal hair loss is called _________________.
_____________________________ is the result of genetics, age, or hormonal changes that cause terminal hair to ______________.
_____________________________ is the result of genetics, age, or hormonal changes that cause terminal hair to ______________.
In men, androgenic alopecia is known as ________________________.
In men, androgenic alopecia is known as ________________________.
By the age of 35, what percentage of men and women show some degree of hair loss?
By the age of 35, what percentage of men and women show some degree of hair loss?
How many people does androgenic alopecia affect in the United States?
How many people does androgenic alopecia affect in the United States?
What is alopecia areata?
What is alopecia areata?
Alopecia areata that progresses to total scalp hair loss is called _____________________.
Alopecia areata that progresses to total scalp hair loss is called _____________________.
When alopecia areata results in complete body hair loss, it is called _______________________________.
When alopecia areata results in complete body hair loss, it is called _______________________________.
Jane, a client at your salon, gave birth three months ago and complains of shedding. This condition is called ___________________________.
Jane, a client at your salon, gave birth three months ago and complains of shedding. This condition is called ___________________________.
You reassure Jane that her hair growth cycle should return to _______________ within about _____________________ after the baby is delivered.
You reassure Jane that her hair growth cycle should return to _______________ within about _____________________ after the baby is delivered.
What are the only two products that stimulate hair growth and are approved by the FDA for sale in the United States?
What are the only two products that stimulate hair growth and are approved by the FDA for sale in the United States?
What is minoxidil?
What is minoxidil?
What is finasteride?
What is finasteride?
Why are pregnant women warned against contact with the oral prescription medication used for hair loss in men?
Why are pregnant women warned against contact with the oral prescription medication used for hair loss in men?
Describe the most common permanent treatment for hair loss.
Describe the most common permanent treatment for hair loss.
What nonmedical options can a hairstylist offer to counter hair loss?
What nonmedical options can a hairstylist offer to counter hair loss?
Summarize the different possible causes of hair loss.
Summarize the different possible causes of hair loss.
Canities is the technical term for _____________.
Canities is the technical term for _____________.
What is ringed hair?
What is ringed hair?
What is hypertrichosis?
What is hypertrichosis?
What is trichoptilosis?
What is trichoptilosis?
What is trichorrhexis nodosa?
What is trichorrhexis nodosa?
What is monilethrix?
What is monilethrix?
What is fragilitas crinium?
What is fragilitas crinium?
There are two types of canities. They are _______________________ canities and _____________________ canities.
There are two types of canities. They are _______________________ canities and _____________________ canities.
In addition to genetics, _______________ and _________________ may also cause premature gray hair.
In addition to genetics, _______________ and _________________ may also cause premature gray hair.
What is an example of hypertrichosis? What are possible treatments?
What is an example of hypertrichosis? What are possible treatments?
Softening the hair with conditioners and moisturizers is often used in the treatment of ____________________ and may also help ___________________, but will not repair split ends.
Softening the hair with conditioners and moisturizers is often used in the treatment of ____________________ and may also help ___________________, but will not repair split ends.
Flashcards
Trichology
Trichology
The scientific study of hair and its disorders.
Hair Root
Hair Root
The part of the hair located below the epidermis.
Hair Shaft
Hair Shaft
The visible part of the hair above the skin.
Hair Follicle
Hair Follicle
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Sebaceous Glands
Sebaceous Glands
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Cuticle
Cuticle
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Cortex
Cortex
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Medulla
Medulla
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Keratinization
Keratinization
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Anagen Phase
Anagen Phase
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Catagen Phase
Catagen Phase
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Telogen Phase
Telogen Phase
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Vellus Hair
Vellus Hair
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Terminal Hair
Terminal Hair
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Alopecia
Alopecia
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Canities
Canities
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Hypertrichosis
Hypertrichosis
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Trichoptilosis
Trichoptilosis
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Trichorrhexis Nodosa
Trichorrhexis Nodosa
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Hair Growth Rate
Hair Growth Rate
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Components of Hair
Components of Hair
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Epidermis
Epidermis
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Hair Color
Hair Color
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Chemical Services
Chemical Services
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Scalp Health
Scalp Health
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Hair Cycle
Hair Cycle
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Hair Texture
Hair Texture
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Hair Conditions
Hair Conditions
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Study Notes
Properties of Hair and Scalp
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Professional hair services require a thorough understanding of hair growth, structure, and composition.
-
Knowledge of hair properties helps differentiate between normal and abnormal hair loss, understanding color and texture for chemical services, and recognizing unhealthy scalp conditions.
Trichology
- Trichology is the scientific study of hair, derived from the Greek words for hair (trichos) and study (ology).
Hair Structure
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A mature strand of hair consists of the hair root (below the epidermis) and the hair shaft (above the epidermis).
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Hair follicles are tube-like depressions in the skin that house hair roots.
Key Components of Hair
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Hair bulb forms the lower part of the root, while the dermal papilla supplies blood and nutrients.
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Sebaceous glands are oil glands that lubricate hair, secreting a substance known as sebum.
Hair Layers
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The hair shaft comprises three main layers: cuticle (outermost), cortex (middle), and medulla (innermost).
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The cuticle protects the cortex, consists of transparent scale-like cells, and helps in the hair's overall health.
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The cortex is responsible for 90% of hair's weight and plays a critical role in elasticity, color, and changes through chemical processes.
Hair Composition and Growth
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Hair is made primarily of protein, with key elements including carbon (51%), oxygen (21%), hydrogen (6%), nitrogen (17%), and sulfur (5%).
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Keratinization is the process by which hair cells mature and become keratinized, indicating the hair is no longer living once it emerges from the scalp.
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Healthy scalp hair grows on average 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) per month, with rapid growth occurring from ages 15 to 30.
Hair Growth Phases
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The hair growth cycle includes three phases: anagen (growth), catagen (transition), and telogen (resting).
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An average of 35-40 hairs are lost daily, and up to 10% of scalp hair may be in the telogen phase at any one time.
Hair Types and Variants
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There are two primary hair types: vellus hair (short, fine, unpigmented) and terminal hair (long, coarse, pigmented).
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Cross-sections of hair can vary in shape, influencing the degree of curl, but do not always correlate with curl amount.
Hair Loss and Conditions
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Abnormal hair loss is termed alopecia, with types including androgenic alopecia (genetic), alopecia areata (autoimmune), and postpartum alopecia (post childbirth).
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Treatments for hair loss include FDA-approved minoxidil and finasteride, with options for non-medical solutions like wigs or hair weavings.
Hair Conditions and Disorders
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Canities is the technical term for gray hair, which can be congenital or acquired.
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Hypertrichosis refers to abnormal hair growth, while conditions such as trichoptilosis (split ends) and trichorrhexis nodosa (knotted hair) affect hair texture and health.
Summary of Key Concepts
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Hair care professionals must understand the biology of hair to offer effective services.
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Awareness of changes in hair and scalp conditions contributes to better client care and satisfaction.
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