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Questions and Answers
What are chemical texture services?
What are amino acids?
Compounds made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
What are peptide bonds?
Chemical bonds that join amino acids together to form polypeptide chains.
Define polypeptide chains.
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What are keratin proteins?
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What are side bonds?
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What are disulfide bonds?
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Define hydrogen bonds.
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What is permanent waving?
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What is thioglycolic acid?
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What is ammonium thioglycolate (ATG)?
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Define alkaline waves.
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What are true acid waves?
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Define acid-balanced waves.
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What are exothermic waves?
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Define endothermic waves.
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What are ammonia-free waves?
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What are thio-free waves?
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Define low-pH waves.
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What is thio neutralization?
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What are concave rods?
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Define straight rods.
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What are soft bender rods?
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What is a loop rod?
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What are end papers?
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Define base sections.
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What is base placement?
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Define on-base placement.
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What is half-off base placement?
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Define off-base placement.
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What is base direction?
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Define croquignole perm wrap.
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What is spiral perm wrap?
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Define double-rod wrap.
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What is a basic permanent wrap?
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Define base control.
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What is curvature permanent wrap?
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Define bricklay permanent wrap.
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What is the weave technique?
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What is chemical hair relaxing?
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What are thio relaxers?
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Define viscosity.
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What is lanthionization?
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What are hydroxide relaxers?
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Define metal hydroxide relaxers.
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What is base cream?
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What are base relaxers?
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Define no-base relaxers.
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What is hydroxide neutralization?
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Define normalizing lotions.
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What is soft curl permanent?
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Study Notes
Chemical Texture Services
- Hair treatments inducing a chemical change to modify the natural wave pattern.
Amino Acids
- Organic compounds consisting of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur, essential for protein formation.
Peptide Bonds
- Chemical connections linking amino acids in long, continuous polypeptide chains.
Polypeptide Chains
- Extensive sequences of amino acids connected by peptide bonds.
Keratin Proteins
- Composed of long, coiled polypeptide chains, integral to hair structure.
Side Bonds
- Include disulfide, salt, and hydrogen bonds, responsible for stabilizing polypeptide chains.
Disulfide Bonds
- Robust chemical links formed between sulfur atoms in protein chains.
Hydrogen Bonds
- Weaker physical links that can be broken by water or heat, allowing hair to reform when dried or cooled.
Permanent Waving
- A two-step process combining physical wrapping on rods and chemical treatment for curl formation.
Thioglycolic Acid
- The primary reducing agent found in permanent wave solutions.
Ammonium Thioglycolate (ATG)
- Key active ingredient in alkaline permanent waves, facilitating hair texture modification.
Alkaline Waves
- Characterized by a pH range of 9.0 to 9.6, these waves rely on ATG, processing at room temperature without heat.
Glyceryl Monothioglycolate (GMTG)
- Main active component in true acid-balanced waving lotions.
True Acid Waves
- Have a pH between 4.5 and 7.0, require heat, and result in less firm curls compared to alkaline waves.
Acid-Balanced Waves
- Permanent waves with a neutral pH of 7.0, facilitating faster processing and firmer curls without extra heat.
Exothermic Waves
- Generate heat through a chemical reaction, enhancing the speed of the waving process.
Endothermic Waves
- Perms activated by an external heat source.
Ammonia-Free Waves
- Utilize a non-volatile ingredient, minimizing odor during the perming process.
Thio-Free Waves
- Permanent waves utilizing alternatives to ATG, including cysteamine or mercaptamine.
Low-pH Waves
- Employ sulfates and bisulfites instead of ATG and feature a lower pH for gentler processing.
Thio Neutralization
- Halts a permanent wave solution while reconstructing the hair into its new curly shape.
Perm Rods
- Various designs including concave rods (smaller center diameter) and straight rods (equal diameter).
Soft Bender Rods
- Flexible, uniform tools used in perming.
Loop Rod
- Circular perm tool allowing for a continuous wrapping process.
End Papers
- Also called end wraps, essential for controlling hair ends during perming.
Wrap Techniques
- Includes double flat, single flat, and bookend wraps to secure hair during the perming process.
Base Sections
- Subdivisions of hair into panels for uniform wrapping.
Base Control
- Determines rod positioning relative to the base section, influencing curl formation.
Perm Wrapping Styles
- Croquignole, spiral, double-rod and basic wraps are different methods employed for styling.
Chemical Hair Relaxing
- Adjusts curly hair structure to achieve a straighter appearance.
Thio Relaxers
- Utilize higher concentrations of ATG for more pronounced hair straightening effects.
Viscosity
- Refers to the thickness of a liquid, impacting flow during application.
Lanthionization
- The conversion of disulfide bonds into lanthionine bonds by hydroxide relaxers, permanently straightening hair.
Hydroxide Relaxers
- Strong alkalis with pH over 13, effectively used for straightening textured hair.
Metal Hydroxide Relaxers
- Compounds formed from metals combined with oxygen and hydrogen, used in hair relaxation processes.
Base Cream
- Protective oil cream applied to skin and scalp prior to hair relaxing.
Base vs. No-Base Relaxers
- Base relaxers require protective cream application, while no-base relaxers do not.
Hydroxide Neutralization
- Acid-alkali reaction neutralizing leftover alkaline residues post-relaxer application.
Normalizing Lotions
- Acidic conditioners restoring hair's natural pH following hydroxide relaxers.
Soft Curl Permanent
- Thio-based service creating loose and larger curls and waves from tighter textures.
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Description
Test your knowledge of chemical texture services and amino acids with these flashcards from Milady Cima Chapter 15. Ideal for students in the cosmetology field, these cards cover essential terminology and concepts related to hair services and chemistry.