Milady Cima Chapter 15: Flashcards on Hydrogen Bonds

Questions and Answers

What are chemical texture services?

Services that only involve cutting hair

Hair services that cause a chemical change that alters the natural wave pattern of the hair (correct)

Services that primarily use heat to style hair

Hair services that cause no changes to the hair

What are amino acids?

Compounds made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur.

What are peptide bonds?

Chemical bonds that join amino acids together to form polypeptide chains.

Define polypeptide chains.

Long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. Signup and view all the answers

What are keratin proteins?

Long, coiled polypeptide chains. Signup and view all the answers

What are side bonds?

Disulfide, salt, and hydrogen bonds that cross-link polypeptide chains together. Signup and view all the answers

What are disulfide bonds?

Strong chemical side bonds formed when sulfur atoms in adjacent protein chains are joined together. Signup and view all the answers

Define hydrogen bonds.

Weak physical side bonds that result from the attraction between opposite electrical charges. Signup and view all the answers

What is permanent waving?

A two-step process that involves wrapping hair on perm rods and applying a permanent waving solution. Signup and view all the answers

What is thioglycolic acid?

The most common reducing agent in permanent wave solutions. Signup and view all the answers

What is ammonium thioglycolate (ATG)?

The active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanents. Signup and view all the answers

Define alkaline waves.

Also known as cold waves; they have a pH between 9.0 and 9.6 and process at room temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What are true acid waves?

Have a pH between 4.5 and 7.0 and require heat to process. Signup and view all the answers

Define acid-balanced waves.

Permanent waves that have a neutral pH of 7.0. Signup and view all the answers

What are exothermic waves?

Waves that create a chemical reaction that heats up the waving solution. Signup and view all the answers

Define endothermic waves.

Perms activated by an outside heat source. Signup and view all the answers

What are ammonia-free waves?

Perms that use an ingredient with very little odor associated with its use. Signup and view all the answers

What are thio-free waves?

Perms that use an ingredient other than ATG as the primary reducing agent. Signup and view all the answers

Define low-pH waves.

Perms that use sulfates, sulfites, and bisulfites as an alternative to ammonium thioglycolate. Signup and view all the answers

What is thio neutralization?

Stops the action of a permanent wave solution and rebuilds the hair in its new curly form. Signup and view all the answers

What are concave rods?

Perm rods that have a smaller diameter in the center that increases to a larger diameter on the ends. Signup and view all the answers

Define straight rods.

Perm rods that are equal in diameter along their entire length. Signup and view all the answers

What are soft bender rods?

Tool about 12 inches long with a uniform diameter along the entire length. Signup and view all the answers

What is a loop rod?

Tool that is usually about 12 inches long with a uniform diameter. Signup and view all the answers

What are end papers?

Absorbent papers used to control the ends of the hair when wrapping. Signup and view all the answers

Define base sections.

Subsections of panels into which hair is divided for perm wrapping. Signup and view all the answers

What is base placement?

Refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section. Signup and view all the answers

Define on-base placement.

Base control in which the hair is wrapped at a 45-degree angle beyond perpendicular. Signup and view all the answers

What is half-off base placement?

Base control where the hair is wrapped at 90 degrees. Signup and view all the answers

Define off-base placement.

Base control in which the hair is wrapped at 45 degrees below the center. Signup and view all the answers

What is base direction?

Angle at which the rod is positioned on the head. Signup and view all the answers

Define croquignole perm wrap.

Perms in which the hair strands are wrapped from the ends to the scalp. Signup and view all the answers

What is spiral perm wrap?

Hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod. Signup and view all the answers

Define double-rod wrap.

Wrap technique whereby extra-long hair is wrapped on one rod and another rod is used for the remaining hair. Signup and view all the answers

What is a basic permanent wrap?

Perm wrapping pattern in which all the rods within a panel move in the same direction. Signup and view all the answers

Define base control.

Position of the tool in relation to its base section, determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped. Signup and view all the answers

What is curvature permanent wrap?

Perm wrap in which partings and bases radiate throughout the panels. Signup and view all the answers

Define bricklay permanent wrap.

Perm wrap in which base sections are offset from each other row by row. Signup and view all the answers

What is the weave technique?

Wrapping technique that uses zigzag partings to divide base areas. Signup and view all the answers

What is chemical hair relaxing?

A process that rearranges the structure of curly hair into a straighter form. Signup and view all the answers

What are thio relaxers?

Use ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) at higher concentrations and pH. Signup and view all the answers

Define viscosity.

The measurement of the thickness or thinness of a liquid. Signup and view all the answers

What is lanthionization?

Process by which hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten hair. Signup and view all the answers

What are hydroxide relaxers?

Very strong alkalis with a pH over 13. Signup and view all the answers

Define metal hydroxide relaxers.

Ionic compounds formed by a metal combined with oxygen and hydrogen. Signup and view all the answers

What is base cream?

Oily cream used to protect the skin and scalp during hair relaxing. Signup and view all the answers

What are base relaxers?

Relaxers that require the application of protective base cream. Signup and view all the answers

Define no-base relaxers.

Relaxers that do not require application of protective base cream. Signup and view all the answers

What is hydroxide neutralization?

An acid-alkali neutralization reaction that neutralizes alkaline residues. Signup and view all the answers

Define normalizing lotions.

Conditioners with an acidic pH that restore hair's natural pH. Signup and view all the answers

What is soft curl permanent?

A thio-based chemical service that reformats curly hair into looser curls. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Texture Services

Hair treatments inducing a chemical change to modify the natural wave pattern.

Amino Acids

Organic compounds consisting of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur, essential for protein formation.

Peptide Bonds

Chemical connections linking amino acids in long, continuous polypeptide chains.

Polypeptide Chains

Extensive sequences of amino acids connected by peptide bonds.

Keratin Proteins

Composed of long, coiled polypeptide chains, integral to hair structure.

Side Bonds

Include disulfide, salt, and hydrogen bonds, responsible for stabilizing polypeptide chains.

Disulfide Bonds

Robust chemical links formed between sulfur atoms in protein chains.

Hydrogen Bonds

Weaker physical links that can be broken by water or heat, allowing hair to reform when dried or cooled.

Permanent Waving

A two-step process combining physical wrapping on rods and chemical treatment for curl formation.

Thioglycolic Acid

The primary reducing agent found in permanent wave solutions.

Ammonium Thioglycolate (ATG)

Key active ingredient in alkaline permanent waves, facilitating hair texture modification.

Alkaline Waves

Characterized by a pH range of 9.0 to 9.6, these waves rely on ATG, processing at room temperature without heat.

Glyceryl Monothioglycolate (GMTG)

Main active component in true acid-balanced waving lotions.

True Acid Waves

Have a pH between 4.5 and 7.0, require heat, and result in less firm curls compared to alkaline waves.

Acid-Balanced Waves

Permanent waves with a neutral pH of 7.0, facilitating faster processing and firmer curls without extra heat.

Exothermic Waves

Generate heat through a chemical reaction, enhancing the speed of the waving process.

Endothermic Waves

Perms activated by an external heat source.

Ammonia-Free Waves

Utilize a non-volatile ingredient, minimizing odor during the perming process.

Thio-Free Waves

Permanent waves utilizing alternatives to ATG, including cysteamine or mercaptamine.

Low-pH Waves

Employ sulfates and bisulfites instead of ATG and feature a lower pH for gentler processing.

Thio Neutralization

Halts a permanent wave solution while reconstructing the hair into its new curly shape.

Perm Rods

Various designs including concave rods (smaller center diameter) and straight rods (equal diameter).

Soft Bender Rods

Flexible, uniform tools used in perming.

Loop Rod

Circular perm tool allowing for a continuous wrapping process.

End Papers

Also called end wraps, essential for controlling hair ends during perming.

Wrap Techniques

Includes double flat, single flat, and bookend wraps to secure hair during the perming process.

Base Sections

Subdivisions of hair into panels for uniform wrapping.

Base Control

Determines rod positioning relative to the base section, influencing curl formation.

Perm Wrapping Styles

Croquignole, spiral, double-rod and basic wraps are different methods employed for styling.

Chemical Hair Relaxing

Adjusts curly hair structure to achieve a straighter appearance.

Thio Relaxers

Utilize higher concentrations of ATG for more pronounced hair straightening effects.

Viscosity

Refers to the thickness of a liquid, impacting flow during application.

Lanthionization

The conversion of disulfide bonds into lanthionine bonds by hydroxide relaxers, permanently straightening hair.

Hydroxide Relaxers

Strong alkalis with pH over 13, effectively used for straightening textured hair.

Metal Hydroxide Relaxers

Compounds formed from metals combined with oxygen and hydrogen, used in hair relaxation processes.

Base Cream

Protective oil cream applied to skin and scalp prior to hair relaxing.

Base vs. No-Base Relaxers

Base relaxers require protective cream application, while no-base relaxers do not.

Hydroxide Neutralization

Acid-alkali reaction neutralizing leftover alkaline residues post-relaxer application.

Normalizing Lotions

Acidic conditioners restoring hair's natural pH following hydroxide relaxers.

Soft Curl Permanent

Thio-based service creating loose and larger curls and waves from tighter textures.

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Description

Test your knowledge of chemical texture services and amino acids with these flashcards from Milady Cima Chapter 15. Ideal for students in the cosmetology field, these cards cover essential terminology and concepts related to hair services and chemistry.

Milady Cima Chapter 15 Flashcards