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Cell are made up of a colorless, jellylike substance called _____ in which food elements such as protein, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present.
protoplasm
What are the principal parts of the cell?
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
The center of the cell contains the ______, which plays an important role in cell reproduction.
nucleus
The protoplasm of a cell that surrounds the nucleus is the:
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The process by which cells reproduce by dividing into two identical cells called daughter cells is known as:
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Cells will continue to grow and thrive as long as they are favored with the proper temperature, they can eliminate waste products, and are favored with an adequate supply of:
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The complex chemical process whereby body cells are nourished and supplied with energy needed to carry on their many activities is called:
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The process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones, during which the body stores water, food, and oxygen for cell growth and repair is called:
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The process of breaking down larger substances or molecules into smaller ones is called:
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Tissue that binds together, protects, and supports various parts of the body is called:
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Groups of cells of the same kind are called:
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During ______, energy can be stored by special molecules and used for muscle contraction, secretion, or heat production.
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The protective covering on body surfaces, such as the skin, mucous membranes, or linings of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and glands is ________ tissue.
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Tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all body functions is known as:
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Tissue that gives smoothness and contour to the body is known as:
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Structures of the body that are designed to accomplish a specific function are called:
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Groups of organs that cooperate for a common purpose, namely the welfare of the entire body are known as:
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Another name for the integumentary system is:
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Another name for the skeletal system is:
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Another name for the circulatory system is:
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The stomach and intestines are called the _________ system.
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The cranium is made up of how many bones?
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What bone forms the forehead?
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The bones that form the sides and top of the cranium are called:
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The bones that form the sides of the head in the ear region are called:
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The bones of the upper jaw are called:
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The largest and strongest bone of the face is the:
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The hindmost bone of the skull is the:
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The uppermost and largest bone of the arm is the:
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The study of the structure, functions, and diseases of the muscles is called:
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The three parts of a muscle are:
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The broad muscle that covers the top of the skull is called:
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The muscle that draws the eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertically is the:
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Muscles represent about ____ percent of the body's total weight.
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The lower jaw bone which is the largest and strongest bone of the face and forms the lower jaw is called the:
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The tendon that connects the occipital and the frontal is the:
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The muscles that coordinate in opening and closing the mouth are:
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The front portion of the epicranius is the:
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The muscle that is located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi is known as:
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The muscle that enables the eyes to close is the:
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Muscular tissue can be stimulated by:
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The broad muscle that extends from the chest and shoulder muscles to the sides of the chin and which is responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip is called:
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The muscle that rotates and lowers the head, as in nodding, is called:
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The large, thick triangular-shaped muscle that covers the shoulder and lifts and turns the arm outward is called the:
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The muscles that produce the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm, lift the forearm, and flex the elbow are called:
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The muscles that turn the hand outward and the palm upward are the:
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The muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and the fingers to form a straight line are called:
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The muscles located at the base of each digit which separate the fingers are called:
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The muscle that bends the foot up and extends the toes is the:
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The muscles that assist in the swinging of the arms are called:
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The heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee is known as the:
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The larger of the two bones that form the leg below the knee is known as the:
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The formal name for the accessory bone which forms the knee cap is the:
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The foot is made up of _____ bones.
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The muscle that originates at the upper portion of the fibula and bends the foot down is the:
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The _____ originates on the lower surface of the fibula and bends the foot down and out.
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The nerve that extends down the leg, just under the skin, supplying impulses to the muscles of the skin of the leg, skin and toes is called the:
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The nerve that supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg is the:
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The nerve that supplies impulses to the toes and foot as well as muscles of the skin of the leg is the:
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The ______ artery divides into two separate arteries known as the anterior tibial and the posterior tibial.
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Study Notes
Cell Structure and Function
- Protoplasm is a jellylike substance within cells, containing proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water.
- Principal parts of a cell include the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
- The nucleus contains genetic material vital for cell reproduction.
- Cytoplasm surrounds the nucleus and is crucial for cellular processes.
Cell Reproduction and Growth
- Mitosis refers to the process of cell division, resulting in two identical daughter cells.
- Cells require food, oxygen, and water to grow and thrive, alongside adequate temperature and waste elimination.
- Metabolism is the complex process of nourishing and energizing body cells for various activities.
Metabolic Processes
- Anabolism is the process of building larger molecules from smaller ones, storing water, food, and oxygen for growth and repair.
- Catabolism involves breaking down larger substances into smaller ones, releasing energy necessary for muscle contraction and other activities.
Tissue Types
- Connective tissue binds, protects, and supports different body parts.
- Tissue is a group of similar cells performing a specific function.
- Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces and lines various organs.
- Nerve tissue transmits messages to and from the brain, coordinating body functions.
- Adipose tissue provides smoothness and contour to the body.
Organ Systems
- Organs are structures designed for specific functions.
- Body systems are groups of organs working together for overall body welfare.
- The integumentary system is also known as the natural covering.
- Osteology refers to the skeletal system, while the cardiovascular system is also known as the circulatory system.
- The gastrointestinal system includes the stomach and intestines.
Skeletal System
- The cranium is made up of 14 bones.
- Frontal bone forms the forehead; parietal bones create the sides and top of the cranium; temporal bones are in the ear region.
- Maxillae are the bones of the upper jaw, while the mandible is the largest and strongest bone of the face.
- The occipital bone is the hindmost part of the skull.
- The humerus is the largest bone of the arm.
Muscular System
- Myology is the study of muscles' structure and function.
- The three parts of a muscle are origin, insertion, and belly.
- Epicranius covers the top of the skull; frontalis is the front portion of this muscle.
- Corrugator muscle draws eyebrows down and creates forehead wrinkles.
Muscular Anatomy
- Muscles represent about 40% of the body's weight.
- The epicranial aponeurosis connects the occipitals and frontal muscles.
- The platysma muscle extends from the chest to the chin and lowers the jaw.
- The sternocleidomastoideus muscle rotates and lowers the head.
- Deltoid muscle covers the shoulder and aids in arm movement.
Limb Musculature
- Biceps create the contour of the upper arm and flex the elbow.
- Supinator turns the hand outward; extensors straighten the wrist and hand.
- Abductors separate the fingers; extensor digitorum longus bends the foot and extends toes.
Lower Limb Anatomy
- The femur is the long bone above the knee; tibia is the larger bone below the knee.
- Patella is the knee cap; the foot contains 26 bones.
- Soleus muscle bends the foot down; peroneus brevis also assists in foot movement.
Nervous System
- The superficial peroneal nerve supplies the skin and muscles of the leg and toes.
- Sural nerve provides impulses to the outer side and back of the foot and leg.
- Dorsal nerve targets the toes and foot, affecting the skin and muscles in the leg.
Circulatory System
- The popliteal artery bifurcates into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries, supplying blood to the lower extremities.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards on General Anatomy and Physiology from Milady Chapter 6. The cards cover essential terms and definitions related to cellular structure and functions, including protoplasm, nucleus, and other cell components.
