Milady Chapter 2 Anatomy and Physiology Quiz & Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for muscles that draw a body part away from the midline?

Adduction

Flexion

Abduction (correct)

Extension

What is absorption?

The transport of fully digested food into the circulatory system.

What is the accessory nerve also known as?

The 11th cranial nerve.

What is the term for muscles that draw a body part inward toward the median axis?

Adduction Signup and view all the answers

What does Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) do?

Transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. Signup and view all the answers

What is adipose tissue?

A specialized connective tissue considered fat. Signup and view all the answers

What do adrenal glands assist in regulating?

Metabolism, stress response, and blood pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is anatomy?

The study of human body structure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest artery in the body?

Aorta. Signup and view all the answers

What do arteries do?

Carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries. Signup and view all the answers

What are arterioles?

Small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries. Signup and view all the answers

What are auricularis muscles responsible for?

Moving the ear upward, forward, or backward. Signup and view all the answers

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

Involuntary muscles and smooth muscle actions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the middle part of a muscle called?

Belly. Signup and view all the answers

What do biceps do?

Produce the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of blood?

Circulates nutrients and oxygen to cells, and removes waste. Signup and view all the answers

What are blood vessels?

Tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body. Signup and view all the answers

What are body systems?

Groups of body organs acting together. Signup and view all the answers

What part of the central nervous system controls sensation and muscle activity?

Brain. Signup and view all the answers

What connects the brain and spinal cord?

Brain stem. Signup and view all the answers

What does the buccal nerve affect?

Muscles of the mouth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Buccinator?

A thin, flat muscle of the cheek. Signup and view all the answers

What are capillaries?

Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the cardiovascular system?

The body system that distributes blood. Signup and view all the answers

What is the carpus?

The wrist. Signup and view all the answers

What is the cell membrane?

Part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

What are cells?

The basic unit of all living things. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Terms in Anatomy and Physiology

Abduction: Movement of a body part away from the midline, such as fingers moving apart in the hand.
Absorption: Process of transporting fully digested food into the circulatory system to nourish tissues and cells.
Accessory Nerve: The 11th cranial nerve responsible for controlling neck and shoulder muscle movements.
Adduction: Movement that draws a body part inward toward the midline, such as fingers coming together.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): Key molecule that transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism.
Adipose Tissue: Specialized connective tissue (fat) that provides body contour, insulation, and cushioning.
Adrenal Glands: Located atop the kidneys, they regulate metabolism, stress response, blood pressure, and immune support through hormone production.
Anatomy: The study of the structure of the human body and the organization of its parts.
Aorta: The largest artery in the body that distributes oxygenated blood from the heart.
Arteries: Thick-walled vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body.
Arterioles: Smaller branches of arteries delivering blood to capillaries.
Auricularis Muscles: Three muscles in the ear that facilitate ear movement.
Auriculotemporal Nerve: Nerve affecting the external ear and skin above the temple to the top of the skull.
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Controls involuntary muscle functions and regulates smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, and heart actions.
Belly of Muscle: The central part of a muscle responsible for contraction.
Biceps: Muscle that shapes the front and inner side of the upper arm.
Blood: Nutritive fluid circulating in the circulatory system that supplies oxygen and nutrients while removing waste from cells.
Blood Vessels: Tubular structures (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins) that carry blood throughout the body.
Body Systems: Groups of organs working together with 11 major systems present in the human body.
Brain: Central nervous system component housed in the cranium; it controls sensation, muscle movements, and glandular activities.
Brain Stem: Connection between the brain and spinal cord, essential for transmitting signals.
Buccal Nerve: Nerve influencing the mouth muscles.
Buccinator: Muscle of the cheek that compresses cheeks and expels air, enabling actions like blowing.
Capillaries: Tiny vessels that link arterioles to veins, facilitating nutrient delivery and waste removal.
Cardiovascular System: Comprises the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries, responsible for blood circulation.
Carpus: The wrist, formed by eight small carpal bones connected by ligaments.
Cell Membrane: Encloses cell protoplasm and regulates entry and exit of soluble substances.
Cells: The fundamental unit of life capable of performing all life functions.
Central Nervous System (CNS): Comprises the brain and spinal cord, central to the body's nerve system.

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Test your knowledge of key terms and concepts from Milady Chapter 2 on Anatomy and Physiology. This flashcard set covers important definitions, including muscle movements and physiological processes. Perfect for students in cosmetology or related fields.

Milady Chapter 2 Anatomy and Physiology

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