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Questions and Answers
What describes the supine position of the body?
What describes the supine position of the body?
Which of the following correctly defines the term 'distal'?
Which of the following correctly defines the term 'distal'?
Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?
Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?
What best defines the anatomical term 'superior'?
What best defines the anatomical term 'superior'?
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What is the definition of pathology in anatomy?
What is the definition of pathology in anatomy?
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Which of the following terms describes the position of being further from the body surface?
Which of the following terms describes the position of being further from the body surface?
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In anatomical terms, what does 'proximal' mean?
In anatomical terms, what does 'proximal' mean?
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What is the characteristic of the midsagittal plane?
What is the characteristic of the midsagittal plane?
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What are the components of a feedback loop?
What are the components of a feedback loop?
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Which of the following tissues is NOT typically involved in maintaining homeostasis?
Which of the following tissues is NOT typically involved in maintaining homeostasis?
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What does osmosis specifically refer to?
What does osmosis specifically refer to?
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Which organ is NOT located in the mediastinum?
Which organ is NOT located in the mediastinum?
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What is hyperplasia?
What is hyperplasia?
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During which phase of cell division do chromosomes align across the center of the cell?
During which phase of cell division do chromosomes align across the center of the cell?
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What is atrophy?
What is atrophy?
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What primarily drives filtration in biological systems?
What primarily drives filtration in biological systems?
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What does the sagittal plane divide?
What does the sagittal plane divide?
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Which structure is located in the mediastinum?
Which structure is located in the mediastinum?
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What is the primary function of ribosomes?
What is the primary function of ribosomes?
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Which of the following regions makes up the upper abdomen?
Which of the following regions makes up the upper abdomen?
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What role does the Golgi apparatus play in a cell?
What role does the Golgi apparatus play in a cell?
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What best defines homeostasis?
What best defines homeostasis?
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Which of the following correctly describes the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Which of the following correctly describes the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
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What is the main difference between negative and positive feedback loops?
What is the main difference between negative and positive feedback loops?
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Study Notes
Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide
- Anatomy: Study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts.
- Physiology: Study of the functions of living organisms and their parts.
- Pathology: Study of disease.
- Anatomical Position: Body is standing erect, feet slightly apart, arms at sides, palms forward.
- Supine: Body lying face up.
- Prone: Body lying face down.
Directional Terms
- Anterior (ventral): Front of the body.
- Posterior (dorsal): Back of the body.
- Superior: Towards the head; upper; above.
- Inferior: Towards the feet; lower; below.
- Medial: Towards the midline of the body.
- Lateral: Away from the midline of the body.
- Proximal: Nearest to the point of origin or attachment.
- Distal: Farthest from the point of origin or attachment.
- Superficial: Nearer to the body surface.
- Deep: Farther from the body surface.
Body Planes and Sections
- Frontal (coronal) plane: Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
- Transverse plane: Divides the body into superior and inferior sections.
- Midsagittal plane: Divides the body into equal left and right halves.
- Sagittal plane: Divides the body into unequal left and right sections.
Body Cavities
-
Thoracic cavity: Contains organs like the heart and lungs.
- Mediastinum: Midportion of the thoracic cavity, containing the heart and trachea.
- Pleural cavities: Contain the lungs.
-
Abdominopelvic cavity: Contains organs like the stomach and intestines.
- Abdominal cavity: Contains organs like the stomach, intestines, liver, and spleen.
- Pelvic cavity: Contains organs like the bladder and reproductive organs.
- Dorsal body cavities: Cranial and spinal cavities.
- Ventral body cavities: Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
Anatomy Terms to Know
- Cervical: Neck
- Carpal: Wrist
- Femoral: Thigh
- Umbilical: Navel
- Brachial: Arm
- Antebrachial: Forearm
- Inguinal: Groin
- Cephalic: Head
- Tarsal: Ankle
- Axillary: Armpit
Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants
- Quadrants: RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
- Regions: Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac; right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar; right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac
Cell Organelles and Functions
- Ribosomes: Protein synthesis.
- Rough ER: Protein transport.
- Smooth ER: Lipid and steroid production, detoxification.
- Golgi apparatus: Processing and packaging of proteins.
- Lysosomes: Cellular waste disposal.
- Mitochondria: Energy production (ATP).
Homeostasis
- Homeostasis: Maintaining a stable internal environment.
- Negative feedback loops: Reverse or oppose the change.
- Positive feedback loops: Enhance the change.
- Feedback loops: Sensor, control center, effector.
Cell Structure
- Cell: The basic unit of life
- Cell Organelles: Parts within a cell that perform specific functions.
Cell Reproduction
-
Cell Cycle: Series of stages a cell goes through to replicate.
- Interphase: Non-dividing phase.
- Mitosis: Cell division. (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase)
- Cytokinesis: Cytoplasmic division.
- Changes in Cell Growth: Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Anaplasia
Other Key Concepts
- Diffusion: Movement of substances from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
- Osmosis: Diffusion of water across a membrane.
- Filtration: Movement of water and solutes across a membrane due to pressure.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in anatomy and physiology, including anatomical positions, directional terms, and body planes. Understanding these foundational terms is essential for exploring the complexities of human biology and its functions. Test your knowledge and enhance your learning with this comprehensive study guide.
