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Questions and Answers
The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.
The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.
orbit
The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the:
The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the:
- Sinoatrial node (correct)
- Bundle of His
- Atrioventricular node
- Purkinje fibers
How does respiration differ from ventilation?
How does respiration differ from ventilation?
- Respiration occurs when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, whereas ventilation occurs when those same muscles relax.
- Ventilation occurs when air is forced into the lungs, whereas respiration occurs when air is drawn or sucked into the lungs.
- Respiration is the process of gas exchange, whereas ventilation is the simple movement of air between the lungs and the environment. (correct)
- Respiration occurs when oxygen is delivered to the cells of the body, whereas ventilation occurs when carbon dioxide is removed.
The dorsal respiratory group (DRG) is a part of the brain stem and is responsible for:
The dorsal respiratory group (DRG) is a part of the brain stem and is responsible for:
The average adult has approximately ___________ of blood in his or her body.
The average adult has approximately ___________ of blood in his or her body.
The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the:
The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the:
Which of the following statements regarding the heart is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding the heart is correct?
The axial skeleton is composed of the:
The axial skeleton is composed of the:
A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:
A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:
Deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is returned to the right atrium via the:
Deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is returned to the right atrium via the:
Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities?
Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities?
A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as a:
A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as a:
The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the:
The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the:
Which of the following are central pulses?
Which of the following are central pulses?
The elbow is an example of a ____________ joint.
The elbow is an example of a ____________ joint.
Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult?
Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult?
The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:
The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:
The primary organ responsible for absorption of products of digestion is the:
The primary organ responsible for absorption of products of digestion is the:
Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct?
An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position?
An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position?
The backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called the:
The backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called the:
The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs is called:
The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs is called:
Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular:
Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular:
Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:
Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:
The connecting nerve, a nerve of the peripheral nervous system, functions by:
The connecting nerve, a nerve of the peripheral nervous system, functions by:
The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles fill with blood is called:
The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles fill with blood is called:
The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called the:
The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called the:
Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ___________ and carries oxygen.
Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ___________ and carries oxygen.
The air you breathe is _______ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _______ oxygen.
The air you breathe is _______ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _______ oxygen.
Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is typically unique to infants and children?
Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is typically unique to infants and children?
The descending aorta branches into the:
The descending aorta branches into the:
The bones that comprise the fingers and toes are called:
The bones that comprise the fingers and toes are called:
Which of the following is NOT a facial bone?
Which of the following is NOT a facial bone?
Both areas of the pons are used to:
Both areas of the pons are used to:
A 5-year-old boy has fallen and has a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. He has possibly sustained a fracture of the:
A 5-year-old boy has fallen and has a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. He has possibly sustained a fracture of the:
The topographic term used to describe the part of the body that is nearer to the feet is:
The topographic term used to describe the part of the body that is nearer to the feet is:
Your ability to remain awake is a function of the:
Your ability to remain awake is a function of the:
Which of the following statements regarding the medulla oblongata is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding the medulla oblongata is correct?
A young male jumped from a tree and landed feet first. What aspect of his body has sustained the initial injury?
A young male jumped from a tree and landed feet first. What aspect of his body has sustained the initial injury?
Relative to the adult's airway, the child's:
Relative to the adult's airway, the child's:
A person's bones would become brittle if he or she was deficient in:
A person's bones would become brittle if he or she was deficient in:
The vocal cords are located in the:
The vocal cords are located in the:
What is the function of the fallopian tubes?
What is the function of the fallopian tubes?
In relation to the wrist, the elbow is:
In relation to the wrist, the elbow is:
The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the:
The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the:
The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:
The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:
Negative pressure breathing involves:
Negative pressure breathing involves:
Movement or motion away from the body's midline is called:
Movement or motion away from the body's midline is called:
What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?
What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?
Trauma to the __________ lobe of the brain would likely result in visual disturbances.
Trauma to the __________ lobe of the brain would likely result in visual disturbances.
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Study Notes
Anatomy and Physiology Key Terms
- Orbit: Composed of the maxilla, zygoma, and frontal bone.
- Sinoatrial Node: Initiates the electrical impulse of the heart.
- Respiration vs. Ventilation: Respiration is gas exchange while ventilation is the movement of air.
- Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG): Located in the brain stem; responsible for initiating inspiration.
Blood and Circulatory System
- Average Blood Volume: Approximately 6 liters in an adult.
- Deoxygenated Blood Return: Inferior vena cava returns blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities to the right atrium.
- Perfusion: Adequate circulation of blood within an organ to meet current cellular needs.
Skeletal and Muscular System
- Axial Skeleton: Includes skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column.
- Hinge Joint: The elbow is classified as a hinge joint.
- Phalanges: Bones that make up the fingers and toes.
Nervous System
- Autonomic Nervous System: Controls heart function.
- Connecting Nerve Function: Connects sensory and motor nerves, bypassing the brain.
- Reticular Activating System: Governs wakefulness.
Respiratory System
- Hypoxic Drive: Backup respiratory control system responding to low blood oxygen levels.
- Epiglottis: Leaf-shaped tissue preventing food from entering the trachea during swallowing.
- Seesaw Respirations: Respiratory distress sign typically seen in infants and children.
Digestive System
- Small Intestine: Primary organ for the absorption of digestion products.
- Gallbladder: Concentrates and stores bile produced by the liver.
Cardiac Cycle
- Diastole: Phase when ventricles fill with blood.
- Medulla Oblongata: Monitors pH changes and regulates diaphragm contraction.
Injuries and Conditions
- Distal Humerus Fracture: Describes a fracture near the elbow.
- Calcium Deficiency: Leads to brittle bones.
Anatomical Directions
- Inferior: Refers to body parts closer to the feet.
- Proximal: The elbow is proximal to the wrist.
- Abduction: Movement away from the body's midline.
Additional Notes
- Bilateral Chest Movement: Indicator of adequate adult breathing.
- Agonal Respirations: Ineffective breaths needing assistance, typically occurring before cardiac arrest.
- Plantar Aspect: Refers to the bottom of the feet, relevant for injuries from jumping.
- Average Air Composition: Inhaled air contains 21% oxygen; exhaled air contains 16% oxygen.
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