Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the pH of acids?
What is the pH of acids?
- pH equal to 0
- pH less than 7 (correct)
- pH equal to 7
- pH greater than 7
What is the pH of alkalis?
What is the pH of alkalis?
- pH of 14
- pH greater than 7 (correct)
- pH less than 7
- pH equal to 7
What are alkanolamines used for?
What are alkanolamines used for?
To neutralize acids or raise the pH level in hair products.
What is ammonia?
What is ammonia?
What is an anion?
What is an anion?
What is an atom?
What is an atom?
What is a cation?
What is a cation?
What is a chemical change?
What is a chemical change?
What are chemical properties?
What are chemical properties?
What is chemistry?
What is chemistry?
What is combustion?
What is combustion?
What are compounds?
What are compounds?
What is an element?
What is an element?
What are elemental molecules?
What are elemental molecules?
What is an emulsion?
What is an emulsion?
What is exothermic?
What is exothermic?
What is glycerin?
What is glycerin?
What does hydrophilic mean?
What does hydrophilic mean?
What does immiscible mean?
What does immiscible mean?
What is organic chemistry?
What is organic chemistry?
What is oxidation?
What is oxidation?
What is a solvent?
What is a solvent?
What is a suspension?
What is a suspension?
What does volatile mean?
What does volatile mean?
Flashcards
Acids
Acids
Substances with a pH less than 7 that can donate protons.
Bases (Alkalis)
Bases (Alkalis)
Bases with a pH above 7.0 that react with acids to form salts; also known as alkalis.
Alkanolamines
Alkanolamines
Chemicals used to neutralize acids and increase pH in hair care products.
Ammonia
Ammonia
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Anions
Anions
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Cations
Cations
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Atom
Atom
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Chemical Change
Chemical Change
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Chemical Properties
Chemical Properties
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Chemistry
Chemistry
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Combustion
Combustion
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Exothermic Reactions
Exothermic Reactions
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Compounds
Compounds
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Elemental Molecules
Elemental Molecules
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Emulsion
Emulsion
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Ionization
Ionization
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Inorganic Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
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Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
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Oxidation
Oxidation
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Reduction
Reduction
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pH Scale
pH Scale
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Physical Changes
Physical Changes
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Physical Properties
Physical Properties
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Solution
Solution
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Study Notes
Acids and Bases
- Acids have a pH less than 7 and can donate protons.
- Alkalis, known as bases, have a pH above 7.0 and react with acids to form salts.
Chemical Compounds and Properties
- Alkanolamines are used to neutralize acids and increase pH in hair care products.
- Ammonia is a colorless gas composed of hydrogen and nitrogen, known for its strong smell.
- Anions are negatively charged ions, while cations are positively charged ions.
Chemistry Fundamentals
- An atom is the smallest component of an element and retains its chemical properties.
- Chemical change refers to alterations in a substance's composition, resulting in new substances.
- Chemical properties can only be determined through specific reactions and changes.
Chemical Reactions
- Chemistry studies the properties, composition, and transformations of matter.
- Combustion is a rapid oxidation process producing heat and light.
- Exothermic reactions release heat.
Molecules and Mixtures
- Compounds result from chemical combinations of two or more different atoms.
- Elemental molecules consist of two or more atoms of the same element bonded together.
- An emulsion is a mixture of immiscible liquids, where one is dispersed in the other.
Ion Formation and Chemistry Types
- Ionization separates an atom or molecule into positively and negatively charged ions.
- Inorganic chemistry involves substances that typically lack carbon.
- Organic chemistry focuses on carbon-containing chemicals.
Physical and Chemical Changes
- Oxidation combines an element with oxygen, forming an oxide, while reduction entails subtracting oxygen or adding hydrogen.
- The pH scale expresses acidity and alkalinity, with a pH of 7 as neutral.
- Physical changes do not alter the identity of a substance, while physical properties can be observed without changing it.
Solutions and Suspensions
- A solution is a homogenous mixture of substances with evenly distributed molecules.
- A solute is the substance that dissolves, whereas a solvent is the medium that dissolves it.
- Suspensions consist of water mixed with nondissolved materials.
Emulsions and Miscibility
- Oil-in-water emulsions contain oil droplets dispersed in water, while water-in-oil emulsions contain water droplets in oil.
- Miscible substances can mix uniformly, while immiscible ones cannot.
Other Key Terms
- Lipophilic substances are oil-loving and attracted to fats, while hydrophilic substances are water-attracted.
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are carbon-containing substances that evaporate easily.
- Surfactants help oil and water mix by acting as a bridge between them.
Miscellaneous
- Glycerin is a sweet, colorless, oily substance often used as a solvent and moisture-retaining agent in creams.
- Physical mixtures combine matter in any proportions and can be separated without chemical reactions.
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