Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a function of the condenser?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the condenser?
It is acceptable to use the 10X and 40X objectives with immersion oil.
It is acceptable to use the 10X and 40X objectives with immersion oil.
False (B)
What type of microscopy is used to view Treponema pallidum?
What type of microscopy is used to view Treponema pallidum?
dark-field microscopy
Always remove slides with the ______ objective raised.
Always remove slides with the ______ objective raised.
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Match the type of microscopy with its primary use:
Match the type of microscopy with its primary use:
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Which invention allowed for the observation of specimens below the wavelength of light?
Which invention allowed for the observation of specimens below the wavelength of light?
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The coarse and fine adjustment knobs control the intensity of the light source.
The coarse and fine adjustment knobs control the intensity of the light source.
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What part of the microscope is designed to further magnify the object after the objectives?
What part of the microscope is designed to further magnify the object after the objectives?
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The ability of a lens to distinguish two small objects that are a specific distance apart is known as the lens's _______.
The ability of a lens to distinguish two small objects that are a specific distance apart is known as the lens's _______.
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What does the numerical aperture represent?
What does the numerical aperture represent?
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Match the following microscope components with their function:
Match the following microscope components with their function:
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the illumination system?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the illumination system?
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Parfocal microscopes require major adjustments when switching between objective lenses.
Parfocal microscopes require major adjustments when switching between objective lenses.
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Study Notes
Microscope Overview
- Microscope is an instrument to create enlarged images of small objects, allowing a close-up view of minute structures.
- This is convenient for examination and analysis.
History of the Microscope
- 1878: Ernst Abbe developed a mathematical theory linking resolution to light wavelength.
- 1903: Richard Zsigmondy invented the ultramicroscope to observe specimens below light wavelengths.
- 1932: Frits Zernike used transparent biological materials, inventing phase-contrast microscopy.
- 1938: Ernst Ruska invented the electron microscope that utilized electrons for higher resolution.
- 1981: Scanning microscope technology allowed for 3-D specimen imaging.
Microscope Parts (Structural)
- Microscope types include binocular and monocular.
- Key parts include the head, arm, and base.
Microscope Parts (Detailed)
- Oculars (Eyepieces): Enhances magnification from objectives.
- Objectives: Initial magnification of the specimen. Types include Low Power (10x), High Power (40x), and Oil Immersion (100x).
- Fine/Coarse Adjustment Knob: Controls distance between the slide and the objective for precise focusing.
- Mechanical Stage: Holds and moves the slide.
- Condenser: Focuses light onto the specimen.
- Iris Diaphragm: Adjusts light intensity and amount reaching the slide.
- Light Source: Provides light for viewing the specimen.
- Numerical Aperture (NA): Measures the refractive index and light angle passing through the slide, impacting resolution capabilities.
- Body Tube: Connects the oculars and objectives.
- Nosepiece: Rotates objectives.
- Base: Supports the microscope.
- Mirror Base: Reflects light. (Some models)
Microscope Types (Optical)
- Bright-field: Routine optical microscopy.
- Phase-contrast: Improves contrast in transparent specimens.
- Polarizing: Used to study birefringent materials. (light in two dimensions).
- Dark-field: Highlights details in transparent specimens.
- Fluorescence: Uses fluorescent dyes to increase contrast.
- Interface-contrast: Allows for 3-Dimensional imaging by using layer-by-layer imaging.
Microscopy Techniques
- Magnification: Oculars magnify the image produced by the objective lens.
- Resolution: Capacity of a lens to distinguish two small objects that are a specific distance apart.
- Field of View: The observable area seen under the microscope.
Microscope Care
- Carry with two hands, supporting the base with one.
- Maintain vertical position.
- Clean optical areas with appropriate lens tissue and cleaning solution.
- Use low power objective when removing slides.
- Store with low-power objective in the raised position.
- Use proper optical oil for specified procedures.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of microscopes, including their history, structure, and essential parts. Participants will learn about the significant milestones in microscopy and the various types of microscopes used in scientific examination.
