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Questions and Answers
What is the function of the diaphragm in a microscope?
What is the function of the diaphragm in a microscope?
- To provide stability to the microscope
- To connect the eyepiece to the objective lenses
- To adjust the brightness of light (correct)
- To hold the sample slide in place
Which scientist is known for stating that all cells arise from pre-existing cells?
Which scientist is known for stating that all cells arise from pre-existing cells?
- Theodor Schwann
- Rudolph Virchow (correct)
- Matthias Schleiden
- Robert Hooke
Which part of an animal cell is responsible for producing energy?
Which part of an animal cell is responsible for producing energy?
- Mitochondria (correct)
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Golgi Body
- Nucleus
What characteristic of water allows small organisms to walk on its surface?
What characteristic of water allows small organisms to walk on its surface?
In an isotonic solution, what occurs regarding solute concentration?
In an isotonic solution, what occurs regarding solute concentration?
Which structure in a plant cell is responsible for photosynthesis?
Which structure in a plant cell is responsible for photosynthesis?
What do lysosomes contain that aids in digestion within animal cells?
What do lysosomes contain that aids in digestion within animal cells?
Which cell structure is NOT found in animal cells?
Which cell structure is NOT found in animal cells?
What property of water explains its ability to dissolve many substances?
What property of water explains its ability to dissolve many substances?
Which part of the microscope is responsible for creating a refined focus on a specimen?
Which part of the microscope is responsible for creating a refined focus on a specimen?
Which process involves large substances entering the cell?
Which process involves large substances entering the cell?
What type of bond links monosaccharides in carbohydrates?
What type of bond links monosaccharides in carbohydrates?
Which functional group is characteristic of amino acids?
Which functional group is characteristic of amino acids?
Which biomolecule serves as a quick energy source?
Which biomolecule serves as a quick energy source?
What is the primary function of lipids?
What is the primary function of lipids?
Which type of bond connects nucleotides in nucleic acids?
Which type of bond connects nucleotides in nucleic acids?
What is the characteristic property of the carboxyl group (-COOH)?
What is the characteristic property of the carboxyl group (-COOH)?
What drives the process of diffusion?
What drives the process of diffusion?
Which biomolecule consists of fatty acids and glycerol as its monomers?
Which biomolecule consists of fatty acids and glycerol as its monomers?
Which bond is involved in stabilizing protein structure?
Which bond is involved in stabilizing protein structure?
Flashcards
Microscope parts
Microscope parts
The microscope has different parts: body tube, eyepiece, objective lenses, stage, diaphragm, light source, coarse adjustment, fine adjustment, and base.
Cell theory founders
Cell theory founders
Hooke, Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow built the cell theory: all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Animal cell part: Nucleus
Animal cell part: Nucleus
The control center of the animal cell, contains DNA.
Plant cell part: Chloroplast
Plant cell part: Chloroplast
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Water cohesion
Water cohesion
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Water adhesion
Water adhesion
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Isotonic solution
Isotonic solution
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Hypertonic solution
Hypertonic solution
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Cell membrane
Cell membrane
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Cell wall
Cell wall
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Endocytosis
Endocytosis
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Exocytosis
Exocytosis
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Diffusion
Diffusion
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Carbohydrates monomer
Carbohydrates monomer
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Lipid monomer
Lipid monomer
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Protein monomer
Protein monomer
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Nucleic Acid monomer
Nucleic Acid monomer
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Glycosidic bond
Glycosidic bond
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Peptide bond
Peptide bond
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Study Notes
Microscope Parts
- Body tube: Connects the eyepiece to the objectives.
- Ocular (eyepiece): The lens you look through.
- Objective lenses: Cylindrical lenses with different magnifications (e.g., 10x, 40x).
- Stage: Platform holding the slide.
- Diaphragm: Rotating disc adjusting light.
- Light source: Lamp or mirror providing illumination.
- Coarse adjustment knob: Large knob for initial focusing.
- Fine adjustment knob: Small knob for precise focusing.
- Base: Stable bottom of the microscope.
Cell History
- Robert Hooke: Discovered empty cells in cork.
- Matthias Schleiden: Proposed all plants are composed of cells.
- Theodor Schwann: Proposed all animals consist of cells.
- Rudolph Virchow: Stated cells only arise from preexisting cells.
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek: Observed microorganisms.
Types of Cells: Animal Cell
- Nucleus: Large, round structure housing DNA.
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Folded layers near the nucleus with ribosomes (dots).
- Golgi Body: Stacked, flattened sacs resembling pancakes.
- Mitochondria: Oval-shaped with inner folds (cristae).
Water Properties
- Cohesion: Water molecules stick together.
- Adhesion: Water molecules stick to other surfaces.
- Surface Tension: Allows small organisms to walk on water.
- Capillarity: Ability of water to move up thin tubes.
- High Specific Heat: Water absorbs/releases heat slowly.
- Universal Solvent: Dissolves many substances.
Solutions and Osmosis
- Isotonic: Solute concentration equal inside/outside the cell.
- Hypertonic: Higher solute concentration outside the cell; cell loses water.
- Hypotonic: Higher solute concentration inside the cell; cell gains water.
Cell Transport
- Endocytosis: Large substances enter the cell.
- Exocytosis: Large substances leave the cell.
- Diffusion: Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
- Molecular Transport: Movement through proteins.
- Osmosis: Water molecule movement.
Biomolecules: Carbohydrates
- Monomers: Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose).
- Bio-elements: C, H, O.
- Bonds: Glycosidic bonds link monosaccharides.
- Function: Quick energy source and structural support.
Biomolecules: Lipids
- Monomers: Fatty acids and glycerol.
- Bio-elements: C, H, O.
- Bonds: Ester bonds link fatty acids to glycerol.
- Function: Long-term energy storage, cell membranes, insulation.
Biomolecules: Proteins
- Monomers: Amino acids.
- Bio-elements: C, H, O, N, S.
- Bonds: Peptide bonds link amino acids.
- Function: Enzymes, hormones, structural roles, and transport.
Biomolecules: Nucleic Acids
- Monomers: Nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base).
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