Biology Microscope Parts and Cell History
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the diaphragm in a microscope?

  • To provide stability to the microscope
  • To connect the eyepiece to the objective lenses
  • To adjust the brightness of light (correct)
  • To hold the sample slide in place

    • Which scientist is known for stating that all cells arise from pre-existing cells?

  • Theodor Schwann
  • Rudolph Virchow (correct)
  • Matthias Schleiden
  • Robert Hooke

    • Which part of an animal cell is responsible for producing energy?

  • Mitochondria (correct)
  • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Golgi Body
  • Nucleus

    • What characteristic of water allows small organisms to walk on its surface?

    <p>Surface tension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an isotonic solution, what occurs regarding solute concentration?

    <p>Equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in a plant cell is responsible for photosynthesis?

    <p>Chloroplast (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do lysosomes contain that aids in digestion within animal cells?

    <p>Enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell structure is NOT found in animal cells?

    <p>Cell wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of water explains its ability to dissolve many substances?

    <p>Universal solvent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the microscope is responsible for creating a refined focus on a specimen?

    <p>Fine adjustment knob (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves large substances entering the cell?

    <p>Endocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond links monosaccharides in carbohydrates?

    <p>Glycosidic bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional group is characteristic of amino acids?

    <p>Amino (-NH2) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biomolecule serves as a quick energy source?

    <p>Carbohydrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lipids?

    <p>Long-term energy storage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond connects nucleotides in nucleic acids?

    <p>Phosphodiester bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic property of the carboxyl group (-COOH)?

    <p>Gives acidic properties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the process of diffusion?

    <p>Molecules moving from high to low concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biomolecule consists of fatty acids and glycerol as its monomers?

    <p>Lipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bond is involved in stabilizing protein structure?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Microscope parts

    The microscope has different parts: body tube, eyepiece, objective lenses, stage, diaphragm, light source, coarse adjustment, fine adjustment, and base.

    Cell theory founders

    Hooke, Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow built the cell theory: all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and cells arise from pre-existing cells.

    Animal cell part: Nucleus

    The control center of the animal cell, contains DNA.

    Plant cell part: Chloroplast

    Site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

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    Water cohesion

    Water molecules sticking to each other.

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    Water adhesion

    Water molecules sticking to other surfaces.

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    Isotonic solution

    Solute concentration is the same inside and outside the cell.

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    Hypertonic solution

    Higher solute concentration outside the cell; cell loses water.

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    Cell membrane

    Thin, flexible outer boundary of a cell, controlling what enters and leaves.

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    Cell wall

    Rigid outer layer of plant cells providing support and protection.

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    Endocytosis

    Process where large substances enter a cell.

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    Exocytosis

    Process where large substances leave a cell.

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    Diffusion

    Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

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    Carbohydrates monomer

    Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose).

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    Lipid monomer

    Fatty acids and glycerol.

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    Protein monomer

    Amino acids.

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    Nucleic Acid monomer

    Nucleotide.

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    Glycosidic bond

    Bond linking monosaccharides in carbohydrates.

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    Peptide bond

    Bond linking amino acids in proteins.

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    Study Notes

    Microscope Parts

    • Body tube: Connects the eyepiece to the objectives.
    • Ocular (eyepiece): The lens you look through.
    • Objective lenses: Cylindrical lenses with different magnifications (e.g., 10x, 40x).
    • Stage: Platform holding the slide.
    • Diaphragm: Rotating disc adjusting light.
    • Light source: Lamp or mirror providing illumination.
    • Coarse adjustment knob: Large knob for initial focusing.
    • Fine adjustment knob: Small knob for precise focusing.
    • Base: Stable bottom of the microscope.

    Cell History

    • Robert Hooke: Discovered empty cells in cork.
    • Matthias Schleiden: Proposed all plants are composed of cells.
    • Theodor Schwann: Proposed all animals consist of cells.
    • Rudolph Virchow: Stated cells only arise from preexisting cells.
    • Anton van Leeuwenhoek: Observed microorganisms.

    Types of Cells: Animal Cell

    • Nucleus: Large, round structure housing DNA.
    • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Folded layers near the nucleus with ribosomes (dots).
    • Golgi Body: Stacked, flattened sacs resembling pancakes.
    • Mitochondria: Oval-shaped with inner folds (cristae).

    Water Properties

    • Cohesion: Water molecules stick together.
    • Adhesion: Water molecules stick to other surfaces.
    • Surface Tension: Allows small organisms to walk on water.
    • Capillarity: Ability of water to move up thin tubes.
    • High Specific Heat: Water absorbs/releases heat slowly.
    • Universal Solvent: Dissolves many substances.

    Solutions and Osmosis

    • Isotonic: Solute concentration equal inside/outside the cell.
    • Hypertonic: Higher solute concentration outside the cell; cell loses water.
    • Hypotonic: Higher solute concentration inside the cell; cell gains water.

    Cell Transport

    • Endocytosis: Large substances enter the cell.
    • Exocytosis: Large substances leave the cell.
    • Diffusion: Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
    • Molecular Transport: Movement through proteins.
    • Osmosis: Water molecule movement.

    Biomolecules: Carbohydrates

    • Monomers: Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose).
    • Bio-elements: C, H, O.
    • Bonds: Glycosidic bonds link monosaccharides.
    • Function: Quick energy source and structural support.

    Biomolecules: Lipids

    • Monomers: Fatty acids and glycerol.
    • Bio-elements: C, H, O.
    • Bonds: Ester bonds link fatty acids to glycerol.
    • Function: Long-term energy storage, cell membranes, insulation.

    Biomolecules: Proteins

    • Monomers: Amino acids.
    • Bio-elements: C, H, O, N, S.
    • Bonds: Peptide bonds link amino acids.
    • Function: Enzymes, hormones, structural roles, and transport.

    Biomolecules: Nucleic Acids

    • Monomers: Nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base).

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential parts of a microscope, key historical figures in cell theory, and the structure of animal cells. Test your knowledge on the contributions of scientists like Robert Hooke and Rudolph Virchow. Understand the anatomy of both microscopes and cells in this comprehensive quiz.

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