Microorganisms: Friends and Foe Chapter 1
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of microorganisms?

  • They cannot be seen without a microscope (correct)
  • They can be seen with the unaided eye
  • They are larger than most plants
  • They are only found in water

    • What structures might you observe on moist bread during the rainy season?

  • Tiny black rounded structures (correct)
  • White mold
  • Tiny insects
  • Green moss

    • Which of the following is NOT one of the four major groups of microorganisms?

  • Fungi
  • Bacteria
  • Protozoa
  • Viruses (correct)

    • Why are viruses considered unique among microorganisms?

    <p>They only reproduce inside the cells of a host organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is caused by bacteria?

    <p>Tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool is necessary to view most microorganisms?

    <p>Microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of a disease caused by protozoans?

    <p>Dysentery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might you observe in a drop of pond water under a microscope?

    <p>Tiny organisms moving around</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which environments can microorganisms survive?

    <p>In environments ranging from ice cold to hot springs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Lactobacillus play in curd formation?

    <p>It multiplies in milk and converts it into curd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does yeast contribute to the making of bread and cakes?

    <p>By producing carbon dioxide bubbles that fill the dough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about friendly microorganisms?

    <p>They are used in the production of alcohol and medicines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following microorganisms live as single-celled organisms?

    <p>Protozoa and bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is yeast powder added to dough in baking?

    <p>To produce carbon dioxide bubbles that raise the dough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microorganism is involved in fixing nitrogen to increase soil fertility?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Microorganisms like amoeba usually live

    <p>alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Microorganisms: Friends and Foe

    • Microorganisms are living organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye and are present all around us.
    • Examples of microorganisms include the greyish white patches that grow on moist bread and the tiny organisms found in water and soil.

    Observation of Microorganisms

    • Using a magnifying glass, you can observe tiny, black, rounded structures on the surface of moist bread.
    • Under a microscope, you can see microorganisms in water and soil, such as tiny organisms moving around in a drop of pond water.

    Classification of Microorganisms

    • Microorganisms can be classified into four major groups: bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and some algae.
    • Examples of microorganisms are shown in Figs. 1.1-1.4.

    Viruses

    • Viruses are microscopic and can only reproduce inside the cells of a host organism, which can be a bacterium, plant, or animal.
    • Viruses cause common ailments like cold, influenza, and most coughs, as well as serious diseases like polio and chicken pox.
    • Examples of viruses are shown in Fig. 1.5.

    Diseases Caused by Microorganisms

    • Protozoans cause diseases like dysentery and malaria.
    • Bacterial diseases include typhoid and tuberculosis (TB).

    Microorganisms: Habitat and Structure

    • Microorganisms can survive in various environments, including extreme temperatures (ice cold to hot springs), deserts, marshy lands, and inside animal bodies.
    • Single-celled microorganisms include bacteria, algae, and protozoa.
    • Multicellular microorganisms include algae and fungi.

    Microorganisms: Role in Human Life

    • Microorganisms play a crucial role in human life, with both beneficial and harmful effects.
    • Beneficial microorganisms are used in various industries, such as food, medicine, and environment.
    • Harmful microorganisms can cause diseases in humans.

    Beneficial Microorganisms

    • Microorganisms are used in food production, such as:
      • Curd preparation (Lactobacillus promotes curd formation)
      • Bread making (yeast reproduces rapidly, producing carbon dioxide)
      • Cheese, pickles, and other food items
    • Microorganisms are used in:
      • Medicinal production
      • Environmental cleanup
      • Increasing soil fertility by fixing nitrogen

    Microorganisms in Food Production

    • Lactobacillus is a bacterium involved in curd formation.
    • Yeast is used in bread making, producing carbon dioxide and causing dough to rise.
    • Yeast is also used in the baking industry for making pastries, cakes, and other products.

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    Description

    Introduction to microorganisms, their types and effects on our environment, including spoilage of bread.

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