Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What type of microorganisms are usually found in water?
Which organisms require host cells to reproduce?
Which group of microorganisms can be found in habitats ranging from glaciers to deserts and hot water bodies?
Which viruses are examples given in the text?
Signup and view all the answers
Which microorganisms are known for carrying out photosynthesis?
Signup and view all the answers
Where can microorganisms survive?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of a fungus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is true about protozoa?
Signup and view all the answers
What characteristic describes Fungi?
Signup and view all the answers
Which useful bacterium is mentioned as being good for the human body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which microorganism is responsible for the conversion of milk into curd?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of yeast in the food industry?
Signup and view all the answers
Which acid is produced by yeast in the beverage industry?
Signup and view all the answers
When did Louis Pasteur discover the process of fermentation?
Signup and view all the answers
From which organisms are antibiotics obtained?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following antibiotics was first prepared by Alexander Fleming?
Signup and view all the answers
Who discovered the vaccine for smallpox?
Signup and view all the answers
What do vaccines typically include to trigger the production of antibodies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which microorganisms are known as biological nitrogen fixers?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a commonly used antibiotic?
Signup and view all the answers
What is used as a preservative in jams and jellies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method is used to preserve milk by boiling it for a short time and then chilling it?
Signup and view all the answers
How are dry fruits and vegetables commonly sold to prevent microbial attack?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common preservative used in pickles, meat, and fish?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is not a method mentioned for preserving food?
Signup and view all the answers
Which microorganism causes Tuberculosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mode of transmission for Cholera?
Signup and view all the answers
What preventive measure is recommended for Chicken pox?
Signup and view all the answers
Measles is caused by which type of microorganism?
Signup and view all the answers
Which disease is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes?
Signup and view all the answers
What are diseases that spread from an infected person to a healthy person through air, water, and food called?
Signup and view all the answers
Which microorganism causes Citrus Canker?
Signup and view all the answers
Which organism acts as a carrier spreading diseases?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mode of transmission for the Rust of wheat plant disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What are common substances used to check the growth of microorganisms called?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Microorganisms Found Everywhere
- Microorganisms are organisms that can't be seen with the naked eye and require a microscope to be visible.
Classification of Microorganisms
- Microorganisms can be classified into four groups:
- Bacteria: single-celled organisms, found in a wide range of habitats, and some are beneficial for the human body (e.g., Lactobacilli).
- Fungi: multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, lack chlorophyll, and are found on decaying organic matter (e.g., Penicillium, Aspergillus).
- Algae: unicellular or multicellular, autotrophic organisms, contain chlorophyll, and carry out photosynthesis (e.g., Chlorella, Spirogyra).
- Protozoa: unicellular or multicellular, usually found in water, and can be beneficial or harmful (e.g., Amoeba, Paramoecium).
Microorganisms and Us
- Some microorganisms are beneficial, while others cause diseases.
- Microorganisms can be used to preserve food through:
- Heat and cold treatments: pasteurization, boiling, and refrigeration.
- Storage and packing: using sealed packets to prevent microorganisms from entering.
- Chemical methods: using preservatives like common salt, sugar, oil, and vinegar.
Viruses
- Viruses: ultramicroscopic organisms that reproduce only inside the cells of host organisms (e.g., Influenza virus, Polio virus).
Where Do Microorganisms Live?
- Microorganisms can survive in all types of climates, from ice-cold to hot, and are found in water, soil, and inside the bodies of animals and humans.
Antibiotics
- Antibiotics: substances that kill or stop the growth of disease-causing microorganisms (e.g., Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Erythromycin).
- The first antibiotic, penicillin, was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1929.
Vaccines
- Vaccines: substances that trigger the production of antibodies in the body, protecting against diseases.
- Vaccines include dead or weakened microbes, and the first vaccine was developed by Edward Jenner against smallpox in 1798.
Soil Fertility
- Biological nitrogen fixers: microorganisms like blue-green algae and Rhizobium bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen to soil, increasing soil fertility.
Importance of Microorganisms
- Food Industry: microorganisms like Lactobacillus and yeast are used to produce curd, bread, and pastries.
- Beverage Industry: yeast is used to produce alcohol, wine, and vinegar through fermentation.
- Medicine Production: microorganisms are used to produce antibiotics, which are used to kill or stop the growth of disease-causing microorganisms.
Human Diseases Caused by Microorganisms
- Tuberculosis: caused by bacteria, transmitted through air, and prevented by isolation and vaccination.
- Measles: caused by viruses, transmitted through air, and prevented by vaccination.
- Malaria: caused by protozoa, transmitted through mosquitoes, and prevented by vaccination and proper hygiene.
- Cholera: caused by bacteria, transmitted through water and food, and prevented by vaccination and proper hygiene.
- Typhoid: caused by bacteria, transmitted through water, and prevented by vaccination and proper hygiene.
- Hepatitis A: caused by viruses, transmitted through air and water, and prevented by vaccination.
Plant Diseases Caused by Microorganisms
- Citrus Canker: caused by bacteria, transmitted through air.
- Rust of wheat: caused by fungi, transmitted through air and seeds.
- Yellow vein mosaic of bhindi (Okra): caused by viruses, transmitted through insects.
Communicable Diseases
- Communicable diseases: diseases caused by microorganisms that spread from an infected person to a healthy person through air, water, and food.
- Carriers: organisms that transfer diseases from one place to another (e.g., houseflies, female Anopheles mosquitoes).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Learn about microorganisms, their classification, and habitats, including bacteria and their impact on our bodies.
