Microorganism Handling Techniques

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Antisepsis is the destruction of all microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) in living tissues (e.g., hand or any parts of the body) where ______ techniques are derived

antiseptic

Decontamination is the neutralization or removal of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, or any living organism) in an area/object/living tissue, removing all possibility of spreading ______ or chemical/microorganism

infection

Disinfection is the process of removing all living organisms (including bacteria and fungi) in an ______ object

inanimate

Sanitation is the act of keeping the place free from ______, ensuring cleanliness

organisms Signup and view all the answers

Antisepsis is a ______ of infection, preventing the spread of microorganisms

prevention Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors affecting liberation?

Formulation into salts and formulation into pro-drug Signup and view all the answers

Why is formulation into salts commonly practiced for drugs in their basic form?

To make the drug water soluble Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a drug that is formulated into a salt.

Losartan (Potassium Salt) Signup and view all the answers

How are alkaloids precipitated to form salts?

Using acid, such as sulfuric acid Signup and view all the answers

Why is formulation into pro-drug used?

To enhance drug absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of formulating a drug into a salt?

To make it water soluble Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a drug that is formulated into a salt.

Losartan (Potassium Salt) Signup and view all the answers

How can formulation into a pro-drug enhance drug absorption?

By converting the drug into an inactive form that can be metabolized by enzymes and become absorbable Signup and view all the answers

Why is precipitation of alkaloids necessary when formulating salts?

To make the alkaloids water soluble Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of formulating a drug into a salt?

Increased water solubility Signup and view all the answers

What is a pro-drug?

A pro-drug is a drug that is inactive but becomes active when it metabolizes. Signup and view all the answers

How is the metabolism of drugs different from the metabolism of the body?

The metabolism of drugs involves converting the drug into a polar and water-soluble form, while the metabolism of the body refers to the processes by which the body breaks down nutrients and eliminates waste products. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the metabolism of a drug?

During the metabolism of a drug, it is converted into a polar and water-soluble form so that it can be eliminated from the body. Signup and view all the answers

Why is formulation into a pro-drug used?

Formulation into a pro-drug is used to facilitate the drug in reaching its target site and to alter its solubility. Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind the Henderson-Hasselbach equation?

The Henderson-Hasselbach equation is used to determine the solubility of a drug, which is important for drug absorption. Signup and view all the answers