Microevolution and Speciation Quiz

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What is the primary process driving microevolution?

Geographic isolation

Mass extinction events

Gene flow

Mutation and natural selection (correct)

Which statement best describes a mutation?

Only changes in phenotype.

Can have varying effects on allele frequencies. (correct)

Always results in adverse effects.

Limited to single-celled organisms.

How is a biological species defined?

According to geographic boundaries.

Based on physical attributes and appearance.

Through the ability to produce non-viable offspring.

By the capability of different groups to produce viable and fertile offspring. (correct)

What effect can gene flow have on a population?

It can change allele frequencies. Signup and view all the answers

What is speciation?

The process of forming new species through evolution Signup and view all the answers

What is considered macroevolution?

The evolution of new species and higher taxonomic groups. Signup and view all the answers

What does natural selection primarily result in?

Survival and reproduction of better-adapted organisms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes heritability?

The likelihood that a trait will be passed to future generations Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of reproductive isolation?

Preventing two species from producing viable offspring Signup and view all the answers

What role does variation play in evolution?

It provides the raw material for natural selection Signup and view all the answers

What is microevolution primarily concerned with?

Changes in allele frequency within a population Signup and view all the answers

What philosophy suggests that species are fixed and have an essence?

Essentialism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of macroevolution?

Evolution of dog breeds from wolves Signup and view all the answers

According to early geological beliefs, how old is the Earth estimated to be?

Around 6,000 years Signup and view all the answers

What did Cuvier contribute to the understanding of fossil observation?

Fossil records indicate many species have gone extinct Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of systematics?

Studying the evolutionary relationships between species Signup and view all the answers

Which type of speciation occurs when populations become geographically isolated?

Allopatric speciation Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of homologous structures in animals?

Mammal limbs Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to changes in gene frequency within small populations?

Genetic drift Signup and view all the answers

What does the graph in the description illustrate concerning species A and B?

Species A has evolved bigger beak sizes than species B. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the Linnaean hierarchical classification from broadest to most specific?

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the three domains of life?

Protists Signup and view all the answers

What does a phylogenetic tree represent?

Relationships and common ancestors among species Signup and view all the answers

Which kingdom includes multicellular organisms that are primarily autotrophic?

Plants Signup and view all the answers

In the binomial nomenclature system, which part of the name indicates the species?

The species identifier Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of reproduction in prokaryotic cells?

Binary fission Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is commonly found in bacteria but is not present in prokaryotic cells?

Organelles Signup and view all the answers

What term describes bacteria that are spiral-shaped?

Spirilla Signup and view all the answers

What type of protists are known for being heterotrophic and often referred to as protozoans?

Flagellates Signup and view all the answers

Which type of slime mold has a single cytoplasm with numerous nuclei?

Plasmodial slime molds Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organism makes its own food using light energy?

Phototroph Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nutritional strategy of unicellular algae?

Autotrophic Signup and view all the answers

What is an endospore?

A resistant form of bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an apicomplexan that can cause disease?

Malaria Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of roots in plants?

Absorb water and minerals Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for photosynthesis in plants?

Blade Signup and view all the answers

What type of protists are commonly referred to as seaweeds?

Multicellular algae Signup and view all the answers

What role does the xylem play in plant biology?

Transports water upward Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of stems in plants?

Support and transport substances Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is involved in the growth of branches in plants?

Axillary buds Signup and view all the answers

What type of plant has a vascular tissue that contains a significant amount of xylem in the stem?

Gymnosperms Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is unique to angiosperms and plays a key role in reproduction?

Flowers Signup and view all the answers

What represents the dominant generation in both gymnosperms and angiosperms?

Sporophyte Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes a feature of gymnosperms?

Pollen contains the male gametophyte. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mature ovary containing seeds called in angiosperms?

Fruit Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of non-vascular plants?

They lack stems, roots, or leaves. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant has separate gametophyte and sporophyte stages in its life cycle?

Seedless vascular plants Signup and view all the answers

What role does vascular tissue play in the plant life cycle?

It facilitates the movement of water and nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of gymnosperms?

They produce seeds in cones. Signup and view all the answers

In terms of size, which statement is true about gametophytes and sporophytes?

Sporophytes are larger than gametophytes. Signup and view all the answers