Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a characteristic of sporulating bacteria?
Which of the following is a characteristic of sporulating bacteria?
- They lack the ability to share genes on a plasmid by horizontal gene transfer.
- They are able to survive harsh conditions like high heat, dehydration, and low nutrient levels. (correct)
- They are unable to chemotax to an area of infection by following a chemical signal.
- They are unable to form biofilms.
Which tool from the microbiologist's toolbox is used to prevent the growth of microbes in the air and on tools?
Which tool from the microbiologist's toolbox is used to prevent the growth of microbes in the air and on tools?
- Stains/dyes
- Bunsen burner/microincinerator (correct)
- Petri dishes
- Loop
Which statement correctly describes the eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosome?
Which statement correctly describes the eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosome?
- The eukaryotic ribosome reads A,C,G, and T base pairs while the prokaryotic ribosome reads A,C,G, and U.
- The ribosome in the eukaryotic cell cytoplasm is larger than the prokaryotic ribosome.
- The eukaryotic ribosome is located only in the cytoplasm while the prokaryotic ribosome is located in the cytoplasm and in some of the cell’s organelles. (correct)
- The eukaryotic ribosome makes mRNA and the prokaryotic ribosome makes DNA.
In Burt's attempt to recreate Pasteur’s experiment disproving Spontaneous Generation, what could have led to the cloudy broth and microbe growth?
In Burt's attempt to recreate Pasteur’s experiment disproving Spontaneous Generation, what could have led to the cloudy broth and microbe growth?
Which of the following will an antibiotic targeting the 70S ribosome have NO effect on?
Which of the following will an antibiotic targeting the 70S ribosome have NO effect on?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a cell undergoing transformation?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a cell undergoing transformation?
Which of the following bacteria is unable to donate DNA to other bacteria during conjugation?
Which of the following bacteria is unable to donate DNA to other bacteria during conjugation?
What is the effect of an antibiotic targeting the 70S ribosome on bacterial ribosomes?
What is the effect of an antibiotic targeting the 70S ribosome on bacterial ribosomes?
Which type of ribosomes are present in human cells?
Which type of ribosomes are present in human cells?
What is the primary function of the 70S ribosome in bacteria?
What is the primary function of the 70S ribosome in bacteria?
Which organelle is not affected by an antibiotic targeting the 70S ribosome?
Which organelle is not affected by an antibiotic targeting the 70S ribosome?
What process does a cell undergo when it takes up foreign DNA and incorporates it into its genome?
What process does a cell undergo when it takes up foreign DNA and incorporates it into its genome?
Which bacteria cell has DNA mutations after exposure to a mutagen?
Which bacteria cell has DNA mutations after exposure to a mutagen?
Which bacteria is unable to ferment lactose?
Which bacteria is unable to ferment lactose?
What is the false statement about Escherichia coli and binomial nomenclature?
What is the false statement about Escherichia coli and binomial nomenclature?
What is the key difference between the lysogenic and lytic cycles of bacteriophage?
What is the key difference between the lysogenic and lytic cycles of bacteriophage?
What is the disadvantage of the lytic cycle for bacteriophage?
What is the disadvantage of the lytic cycle for bacteriophage?
Which microorganism's cell walls exclusively contain peptidoglycan?
Which microorganism's cell walls exclusively contain peptidoglycan?
What is the role of animal viruses after penetrating the host cell?
What is the role of animal viruses after penetrating the host cell?
What is the outcome of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?
What is the outcome of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?
What is unique about helminths compared to other microorganisms?
What is unique about helminths compared to other microorganisms?
What is the significance of microbes to human life on Earth?
What is the significance of microbes to human life on Earth?
What is true about B. cereus and B. anthracis?
What is true about B. cereus and B. anthracis?
What is the ability of viruses outside of a host cell?
What is the ability of viruses outside of a host cell?
Which of the following tools from the microbiologist's toolbox is used to prevent the growth of microbes in the air and on tools?
Which of the following tools from the microbiologist's toolbox is used to prevent the growth of microbes in the air and on tools?
Which statement correctly describes the eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosome?
Which statement correctly describes the eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosome?
What could have led to the cloudy broth and microbe growth in Burt's attempt to recreate Pasteur’s experiment disproving Spontaneous Generation?
What could have led to the cloudy broth and microbe growth in Burt's attempt to recreate Pasteur’s experiment disproving Spontaneous Generation?
Which of the following is a characteristic of sporulating bacteria?
Which of the following is a characteristic of sporulating bacteria?
What is the primary function of the 70S ribosome in bacteria?
What is the primary function of the 70S ribosome in bacteria?
What is the ability of sporulating bacteria that allows them to survive harsh conditions like high heat, dehydration, and low nutrient levels?
What is the ability of sporulating bacteria that allows them to survive harsh conditions like high heat, dehydration, and low nutrient levels?
Which of the following is true about the cell wall composition of fungi and bacteria?
Which of the following is true about the cell wall composition of fungi and bacteria?
Which of the following statements about animal viruses and bacteriophages is accurate?
Which of the following statements about animal viruses and bacteriophages is accurate?
What is the primary difference between the lysogenic and lytic cycles of bacteriophages?
What is the primary difference between the lysogenic and lytic cycles of bacteriophages?
What is the role of helminths in the context of cell wall composition?
What is the role of helminths in the context of cell wall composition?
What is the outcome of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?
What is the outcome of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?
What is a distinguishing feature of Escherichia coli in relation to food poisoning and binomial nomenclature?
What is a distinguishing feature of Escherichia coli in relation to food poisoning and binomial nomenclature?
What is the primary function of Tamiflu in preventing influenza virus release?
What is the primary function of Tamiflu in preventing influenza virus release?
What is the role of noncompetitive inhibitors in enzyme function?
What is the role of noncompetitive inhibitors in enzyme function?
What is the end product of the Electron Transport System (ETS) during aerobic respiration?
What is the end product of the Electron Transport System (ETS) during aerobic respiration?
What is the significance of the periplasmic space in aerobic respiration?
What is the significance of the periplasmic space in aerobic respiration?
What is the consequence of adding O2 to a glucose medium without O2 for bacterial growth?
What is the consequence of adding O2 to a glucose medium without O2 for bacterial growth?
What is the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?
What is the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?
What is the impact of limited food supply on the bacterial growth curve?
What is the impact of limited food supply on the bacterial growth curve?
What are the different growth phases of bacteria?
What are the different growth phases of bacteria?
What is the role of a chemostat in bacterial culture growth?
What is the role of a chemostat in bacterial culture growth?
What is the distinction between symptoms and signs in a patient's illness?
What is the distinction between symptoms and signs in a patient's illness?
What is the origin of the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic?
What is the origin of the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic?
What is the impact of microbial load on host mortality and the spread of acute diseases?
What is the impact of microbial load on host mortality and the spread of acute diseases?
Which of the following is a true statement regarding the core of every virus particle?
Which of the following is a true statement regarding the core of every virus particle?
What is the primary function of fimbriae in bacteria?
What is the primary function of fimbriae in bacteria?
Which of the following bacteria is more likely to be resistant to antibiotics?
Which of the following bacteria is more likely to be resistant to antibiotics?
What is the characteristic appearance of Bacillus anthracis under a microscope?
What is the characteristic appearance of Bacillus anthracis under a microscope?
What is the structure of Vibrio cholerae's cell wall?
What is the structure of Vibrio cholerae's cell wall?
How might a mutant strain of Serratia marcescens with an abnormal ribosome affect bacterial functions?
How might a mutant strain of Serratia marcescens with an abnormal ribosome affect bacterial functions?
Which of the following is a characteristic of sporulating bacteria?
Which of the following is a characteristic of sporulating bacteria?
Which tool from the microbiologist's toolbox is used to prevent the growth of microbes in the air and on tools?
Which tool from the microbiologist's toolbox is used to prevent the growth of microbes in the air and on tools?
Which statement correctly describes the eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosome?
Which statement correctly describes the eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosome?
Burt is attempting to recreate Pasteur’s famous experiment disproving Spontaneous Generation. He adds broth to a flask, heats the neck to bend it into an S-shape, and then heats the broth. After several days, Burt observes that the broth is cloudy and there is microbe growth. Which of the following could have led to this result?
Burt is attempting to recreate Pasteur’s famous experiment disproving Spontaneous Generation. He adds broth to a flask, heats the neck to bend it into an S-shape, and then heats the broth. After several days, Burt observes that the broth is cloudy and there is microbe growth. Which of the following could have led to this result?
What is the end product of the Electron Transport System (ETS) during aerobic respiration?
What is the end product of the Electron Transport System (ETS) during aerobic respiration?
What is the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?
What is the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?
What is the primary function of Tamiflu in preventing influenza virus release?
What is the primary function of Tamiflu in preventing influenza virus release?
What do noncompetitive inhibitors prevent in enzyme function?
What do noncompetitive inhibitors prevent in enzyme function?
What is the role of the periplasmic space in aerobic respiration?
What is the role of the periplasmic space in aerobic respiration?
What happens when an organism using oxygen as the final electron acceptor performs fermentation?
What happens when an organism using oxygen as the final electron acceptor performs fermentation?
Which statement about transformation is accurate?
Which statement about transformation is accurate?
What is a distinguishing feature of Vibrio cholerae?
What is a distinguishing feature of Vibrio cholerae?
What is the impact of a mutant strain of Serratia marcescens with an abnormal ribosome?
What is the impact of a mutant strain of Serratia marcescens with an abnormal ribosome?
What is the composition of Bacillus anthracis' cell wall?
What is the composition of Bacillus anthracis' cell wall?
What is the primary role of fimbriae in bacteria?
What is the primary role of fimbriae in bacteria?
What is the core content of every virus particle?
What is the core content of every virus particle?
What is the primary difference between the lag phase and the log phase in bacterial growth?
What is the primary difference between the lag phase and the log phase in bacterial growth?
What is the impact of limited food supply on the bacterial growth curve?
What is the impact of limited food supply on the bacterial growth curve?
What is the role of a chemostat in bacterial culture growth?
What is the role of a chemostat in bacterial culture growth?
What are the characteristics of thermophiles, acidophiles, and halophiles?
What are the characteristics of thermophiles, acidophiles, and halophiles?
What is the distinction between symptoms and signs in a patient's illness?
What is the distinction between symptoms and signs in a patient's illness?
What is the concept of antigenic shift in the context of microbial diseases?
What is the concept of antigenic shift in the context of microbial diseases?
What is the primary difference between the lysogenic and lytic cycles of bacteriophages?
What is the primary difference between the lysogenic and lytic cycles of bacteriophages?
What is the role of animal viruses after penetrating the host cell?
What is the role of animal viruses after penetrating the host cell?
What is the key difference between fungi and bacteria in terms of cell wall composition?
What is the key difference between fungi and bacteria in terms of cell wall composition?
What is the impact of limited food supply on the bacterial growth curve?
What is the impact of limited food supply on the bacterial growth curve?
What is the primary function of the 70S ribosome in bacteria?
What is the primary function of the 70S ribosome in bacteria?
What is true about horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?
What is true about horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?
What is the second leading cause of death in the United States?
What is the second leading cause of death in the United States?
How many kcals are provided per gram of alcohol?
How many kcals are provided per gram of alcohol?
Water accounts for about what percentage of a person’s total body weight?
Water accounts for about what percentage of a person’s total body weight?
According to the USDA Dietary Guidelines, one should eat at least ______ of their grains from whole grain foods.
According to the USDA Dietary Guidelines, one should eat at least ______ of their grains from whole grain foods.
What is the recommended protein intake range for athletes exercising regularly at a moderate- to high-intensity?
What is the recommended protein intake range for athletes exercising regularly at a moderate- to high-intensity?
Which of the following is a high-quality protein source?
Which of the following is a high-quality protein source?
Why is it generally not recommended to recommend a protein supplement to athletes?
Why is it generally not recommended to recommend a protein supplement to athletes?
What is the potential consequence of consuming too much protein?
What is the potential consequence of consuming too much protein?
What are the goals of fluid intake in athletes?
What are the goals of fluid intake in athletes?
How do sports drinks differ from water as a hydration source for athletes?
How do sports drinks differ from water as a hydration source for athletes?
What is the definition of an ergogenic aid?
What is the definition of an ergogenic aid?
Why is it not safe to assume all ergogenic aids are safe?
Why is it not safe to assume all ergogenic aids are safe?
According to USDA guidelines, how are almonds classified in terms of nutrition?
According to USDA guidelines, how are almonds classified in terms of nutrition?
What is the recommended function of canola oil based on USDA dietary guidelines?
What is the recommended function of canola oil based on USDA dietary guidelines?
What is the requirement of the NEW nutrition label regarding added sugars?
What is the requirement of the NEW nutrition label regarding added sugars?
What is the minimum sugar reduction required for a yogurt to be considered 'reduced-sugar'?
What is the minimum sugar reduction required for a yogurt to be considered 'reduced-sugar'?
Which artificial sweetener is found in Splenda?
Which artificial sweetener is found in Splenda?
What is the daily fiber intake recommended for young adult males according to the Adequate Intake (AI)?
What is the daily fiber intake recommended for young adult males according to the Adequate Intake (AI)?
What is the requirement for restaurants with at least 20 standard menu items as per the Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act?
What is the requirement for restaurants with at least 20 standard menu items as per the Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act?
What is the primary composition of saliva?
What is the primary composition of saliva?
What is the impact of consuming fiber on the risk of lung cancer?
What is the impact of consuming fiber on the risk of lung cancer?
What is the recommended approach for individuals with lactose intolerance?
What is the recommended approach for individuals with lactose intolerance?
What nutrient category can juice contribute to as per USDA Dietary Guidelines?
What nutrient category can juice contribute to as per USDA Dietary Guidelines?
What is the lowest concentration ingredient in the pretzel's list?
What is the lowest concentration ingredient in the pretzel's list?
What is the term for the 'extra' calories burned through activities like fidgeting?
What is the term for the 'extra' calories burned through activities like fidgeting?
Which eating pattern may be considered as disordered eating?
Which eating pattern may be considered as disordered eating?
What is the primary storage site for excess fat-soluble vitamins?
What is the primary storage site for excess fat-soluble vitamins?
Which vitamins are considered key antioxidant vitamins?
Which vitamins are considered key antioxidant vitamins?
In which condition is reducing insulin to lose weight observed?
In which condition is reducing insulin to lose weight observed?
Which group is muscle dysmorphia more common in?
Which group is muscle dysmorphia more common in?
What is NOT a required component of the female athlete triad?
What is NOT a required component of the female athlete triad?
Which gene activity affects the likelihood of being of normal weight?
Which gene activity affects the likelihood of being of normal weight?
What is a common symptom of anorexia nervosa?
What is a common symptom of anorexia nervosa?
How are vitamins conserved through recommended heating techniques?
How are vitamins conserved through recommended heating techniques?
What is NOT a common risk factor for eating disorders?
What is NOT a common risk factor for eating disorders?
What is the primary purpose of fidgeting in relation to burning calories?
What is the primary purpose of fidgeting in relation to burning calories?
What is the second leading cause of death in the United States?
What is the second leading cause of death in the United States?
How many kcals are provided per gram of alcohol?
How many kcals are provided per gram of alcohol?
Water accounts for about ___ of a person’s total body weight.
Water accounts for about ___ of a person’s total body weight.
According to the USDA Dietary Guidelines, one should eat at least______of their grains from whole grain foods.
According to the USDA Dietary Guidelines, one should eat at least______of their grains from whole grain foods.
What is the protein needs range (in g/kg body weight) for athletes exercising regularly at a moderate- to high-intensity?
What is the protein needs range (in g/kg body weight) for athletes exercising regularly at a moderate- to high-intensity?
Which of the following is a high-quality protein source?
Which of the following is a high-quality protein source?
Why is it generally not recommended to recommend a protein supplement to athletes?
Why is it generally not recommended to recommend a protein supplement to athletes?
What happens to the body with excessive protein intake?
What happens to the body with excessive protein intake?
What are the goals of fluid intake in athletes?
What are the goals of fluid intake in athletes?
How does the use of sports drinks differ from water as a hydration source for athletes?
How does the use of sports drinks differ from water as a hydration source for athletes?
What is the definition of an ergogenic aid?
What is the definition of an ergogenic aid?
Why is it important to be cautious when using ergogenic aids?
Why is it important to be cautious when using ergogenic aids?
According to USDA guidelines, how are almonds classified in terms of nutrition?
According to USDA guidelines, how are almonds classified in terms of nutrition?
What is the recommended function of canola oil based on USDA dietary guidelines?
What is the recommended function of canola oil based on USDA dietary guidelines?
What is the artificial sweetener found in Splenda?
What is the artificial sweetener found in Splenda?
What is the requirement of the NEW nutrition label regarding added sugars?
What is the requirement of the NEW nutrition label regarding added sugars?
What is the minimum percentage reduction in sugar required for a yogurt to be considered 'reduced-sugar'?
What is the minimum percentage reduction in sugar required for a yogurt to be considered 'reduced-sugar'?
What is the primary composition of saliva?
What is the primary composition of saliva?
What is the recommended daily fiber intake for young adult males according to the Adequate Intake (AI)?
What is the recommended daily fiber intake for young adult males according to the Adequate Intake (AI)?
What must restaurants with at least 20 standard menu items provide, as per the Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act?
What must restaurants with at least 20 standard menu items provide, as per the Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act?
What is the impact of consuming fiber on the risk of lung cancer?
What is the impact of consuming fiber on the risk of lung cancer?
What is the recommended approach for individuals with lactose intolerance?
What is the recommended approach for individuals with lactose intolerance?
What nutrient category can juice contribute to as per USDA Dietary Guidelines?
What nutrient category can juice contribute to as per USDA Dietary Guidelines?
What is the lowest concentration ingredient in the pretzel's list?
What is the lowest concentration ingredient in the pretzel's list?
What is the term for the 'extra' calories burned through activities like fidgeting?
What is the term for the 'extra' calories burned through activities like fidgeting?
Which symptoms are most common for anorexia nervosa?
Which symptoms are most common for anorexia nervosa?
What is muscle dysmorphia more commonly associated with?
What is muscle dysmorphia more commonly associated with?
What is diabulimia?
What is diabulimia?
Which vitamins are primarily stored in the liver and adipose tissue?
Which vitamins are primarily stored in the liver and adipose tissue?
Which vitamins are considered key antioxidant vitamins?
Which vitamins are considered key antioxidant vitamins?
What is the primary role of fidgeting in relation to burning calories?
What is the primary role of fidgeting in relation to burning calories?
What is the impact of high self-esteem on the likelihood of eating disorders?
What is the impact of high self-esteem on the likelihood of eating disorders?
What is the primary purpose of reducing insulin in diabulimia?
What is the primary purpose of reducing insulin in diabulimia?
Which eating pattern can be considered as disordered eating?
Which eating pattern can be considered as disordered eating?
Which vitamins are needed daily and can be conserved through recommended heating techniques?
Which vitamins are needed daily and can be conserved through recommended heating techniques?
What is the common impact of muscle dysmorphia?
What is the common impact of muscle dysmorphia?
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Study Notes
Microbiology Lecture Summary
- Burt used chicken broth in a flask, heating it at low heat for a long time, then handled it with bare hands and set it on an unsterilized countertop
- Lysogenic and lytic cycles of bacteriophage are depicted in figures and lecture slides, with key differences including viral DNA integration during lysogenic cycle
- Escherichia coli can cause food poisoning and is named using binomial nomenclature, with false statement about the system being that there is only one type of organism of each species
- Horizontal gene transfer involves DNA transfer to next generation of bacteria from a related cell, gaining a single new gene sequence from outside of the cell
- Animal viruses need to be uncoated after penetration, unlike bacteriophage, as they insert DNA into the host cell genome and exit the host cell in the uncoating step
- Bacteria cell walls differ from fungi in that only bacteria cell walls contain peptidoglycan
- Not all viruses destroy their host cell during release
- B. cereus and B. anthracis have different genotypes, leading to different phenotypes if these genes are expressed into proteins in B. anthracis
- Microbes are important to human life on Earth for various reasons, including providing fundamental knowledge about life processes and being essential for life and supporting life processes
- Helminths are unique compared to other microorganisms as they can be viewed without a microscope during part of their life cycle
- Viruses are unable to reproduce outside of a host cell
- Disadvantage of the lytic cycle for bacteriophage is that the host cell lyses
Microbiology and Disease Summary
- Transformation is the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell through naked DNA in solution.
- An antibiotic targeting the 70S ribosome will have no effect on human ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
- A cell undergoing transformation takes up foreign DNA and incorporates it into its genome.
- The core of every virus particle always contains either DNA or RNA.
- Conjugation differs from other means of horizontal gene transfer as it requires physical contact between bacteria cells by pili.
- Fimbriae help bacteria attach and form biofilms.
- Bacteria with plasmids are more likely to be resistant to antibiotics.
- Viruses are unable to reproduce outside of a host cell.
- Bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive bacteria, would appear purple and rod-shaped under a microscope.
- Vibrio cholerae is a curved, Gram-negative microorganism with two plasma membranes and a peptidoglycan cell wall.
- Clostridium difficile is a prokaryotic pathogen with a cell wall made of peptidoglycan.
- A mutant strain of Serratia marcescens with an abnormal ribosome might affect biofilm formation, motility, and protein production.
Microbiology Quiz Summary
- Burt used chicken broth instead of beef broth in a flask, heated it with an open S-shaped neck, handled it barehanded, and left it at low heat for a long time.
- The lysogenic and lytic cycles of bacteriophage are depicted in Figures 6.7 and 6.8.
- Escherichia coli can cause food poisoning and follows binomial nomenclature.
- Horizontal gene transfer involves DNA transfer to the next generation of bacteria from a related cell.
- Animal viruses need to be uncoated, while bacteriophages do not.
- Fungi and bacteria differ in their cell wall composition, with only bacteria containing peptidoglycan.
- Not all viruses destroy their host cell during release.
- Different genotypes of bacteria lead to different phenotypes if genes are expressed into proteins.
- Microbes are important for human life due to various reasons, including bioremediation and food production.
- The figure does not provide enough information to determine which cell envelope includes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules.
- Helminths are unique compared to other microorganisms because they contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
- Viruses are unable to reproduce outside of a host cell.
Nutrition and Physical Activity Summary
- "Thrifty gene" activity affects likelihood of being of normal weight
- Fidgeting burns "extra" calories known as Non Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)
- High self-esteem is NOT a common risk factor for eating disorders
- Symptoms most common for anorexia nervosa include extreme thinness
- Eating patterns like skipping meals can be considered disordered eating
- Anxiety or depression is NOT a required component of the female athlete triad
- Muscle dysmorphia is more common in males, young adults, and associated with very low-calorie diets
- Diabulimia involves reducing insulin to lose weight in type 1 diabetes
- Vitamins are needed daily and can be conserved through recommended heating techniques
- Excess fat-soluble vitamins are primarily stored in the liver and adipose tissue
- Key antioxidant vitamins are C, E, and A
- Niacin may be taken in high doses to treat high cholesterol
Nutrition and Physical Activity Summary
- "Thrifty gene" activity affects likelihood of being of normal weight
- Fidgeting burns "extra" calories known as Non Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)
- High self-esteem is NOT a common risk factor for eating disorders
- Symptoms most common for anorexia nervosa include extreme thinness
- Eating patterns like skipping meals can be considered disordered eating
- Anxiety or depression is NOT a required component of the female athlete triad
- Muscle dysmorphia is more common in males, young adults, and associated with very low-calorie diets
- Diabulimia involves reducing insulin to lose weight in type 1 diabetes
- Vitamins are needed daily and can be conserved through recommended heating techniques
- Excess fat-soluble vitamins are primarily stored in the liver and adipose tissue
- Key antioxidant vitamins are C, E, and A
- Niacin may be taken in high doses to treat high cholesterol
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