Microbiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of sporulating bacteria?

  • They lack the ability to share genes on a plasmid by horizontal gene transfer.
  • They are able to survive harsh conditions like high heat, dehydration, and low nutrient levels. (correct)
  • They are unable to chemotax to an area of infection by following a chemical signal.
  • They are unable to form biofilms.

    • Which tool from the microbiologist's toolbox is used to prevent the growth of microbes in the air and on tools?

  • Stains/dyes
  • Bunsen burner/microincinerator (correct)
  • Petri dishes
  • Loop

    • Which statement correctly describes the eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosome?

  • The eukaryotic ribosome reads A,C,G, and T base pairs while the prokaryotic ribosome reads A,C,G, and U.
  • The ribosome in the eukaryotic cell cytoplasm is larger than the prokaryotic ribosome.
  • The eukaryotic ribosome is located only in the cytoplasm while the prokaryotic ribosome is located in the cytoplasm and in some of the cell’s organelles. (correct)
  • The eukaryotic ribosome makes mRNA and the prokaryotic ribosome makes DNA.

    • In Burt's attempt to recreate Pasteur’s experiment disproving Spontaneous Generation, what could have led to the cloudy broth and microbe growth?

    <p>The S-shape of the flask neck allowed airborne microbes to enter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following will an antibiotic targeting the 70S ribosome have NO effect on?

    <p>Human ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a cell undergoing transformation?

    <p>A cell that takes up foreign DNA by transformation and incorporates the DNA into its genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria is unable to donate DNA to other bacteria during conjugation?

    <p>S. aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an antibiotic targeting the 70S ribosome on bacterial ribosomes?

    <p>Inhibition of protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ribosomes are present in human cells?

    <p>80S ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the 70S ribosome in bacteria?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is not affected by an antibiotic targeting the 70S ribosome?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process does a cell undergo when it takes up foreign DNA and incorporates it into its genome?

    <p>Transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria cell has DNA mutations after exposure to a mutagen?

    <p>E. coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria is unable to ferment lactose?

    <p>Salmonella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the false statement about Escherichia coli and binomial nomenclature?

    <p>Each species of organism has only one type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between the lysogenic and lytic cycles of bacteriophage?

    <p>Viral DNA integration during lysogenic cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disadvantage of the lytic cycle for bacteriophage?

    <p>The host cell lyses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microorganism's cell walls exclusively contain peptidoglycan?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of animal viruses after penetrating the host cell?

    <p>Insert DNA into the host cell genome and uncoat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?

    <p>Gaining a single new gene sequence from outside of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about helminths compared to other microorganisms?

    <p>They can be viewed without a microscope during part of their life cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of microbes to human life on Earth?

    <p>Being essential for life and supporting life processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about B. cereus and B. anthracis?

    <p>They have different genotypes, leading to different phenotypes if these genes are expressed into proteins in B. anthracis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability of viruses outside of a host cell?

    <p>Unable to reproduce outside of a host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tools from the microbiologist's toolbox is used to prevent the growth of microbes in the air and on tools?

    <p>Bunsen burner/microincinerator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosome?

    <p>The ribosome in the eukaryotic cell cytoplasm is larger than the prokaryotic ribosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could have led to the cloudy broth and microbe growth in Burt's attempt to recreate Pasteur’s experiment disproving Spontaneous Generation?

    <p>Presence of endospores in the broth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of sporulating bacteria?

    <p>They are unable to form biofilms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the 70S ribosome in bacteria?

    <p>Translation of bacterial proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability of sporulating bacteria that allows them to survive harsh conditions like high heat, dehydration, and low nutrient levels?

    <p>Formation of endospores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the cell wall composition of fungi and bacteria?

    <p>Fungi cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan, while bacteria cell walls do.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about animal viruses and bacteriophages is accurate?

    <p>Animal viruses need to be uncoated, while bacteriophages do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the lysogenic and lytic cycles of bacteriophages?

    <p>The lysogenic cycle involves integration of the phage DNA into the host genome, while the lytic cycle leads to immediate replication and cell lysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of helminths in the context of cell wall composition?

    <p>Helminths do not contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?

    <p>Creation of genetic diversity within bacterial populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of Escherichia coli in relation to food poisoning and binomial nomenclature?

    <p>Escherichia coli can cause food poisoning and follows binomial nomenclature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Tamiflu in preventing influenza virus release?

    <p>Blocking sialic acid on host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of noncompetitive inhibitors in enzyme function?

    <p>Prevent substrate binding to the enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of the Electron Transport System (ETS) during aerobic respiration?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the periplasmic space in aerobic respiration?

    <p>Important for hydrogen ion transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of adding O2 to a glucose medium without O2 for bacterial growth?

    <p>Slower bacterial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

    <p>Inorganic molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of limited food supply on the bacterial growth curve?

    <p>It results in the absence of a lag phase and a shortened log phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different growth phases of bacteria?

    <p>Lag, log, stationary, and death phases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a chemostat in bacterial culture growth?

    <p>Maintains a continuous flow of nutrients to support bacterial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinction between symptoms and signs in a patient's illness?

    <p>Symptoms are subjective indications reported by the patient, while signs are objective indications observed by a healthcare provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic?

    <p>It originated in birds and underwent antigenic shift to become a human pandemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of microbial load on host mortality and the spread of acute diseases?

    <p>Higher microbial load increases host mortality and the spread of acute diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a true statement regarding the core of every virus particle?

    <p>It always contains either DNA or RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fimbriae in bacteria?

    <p>Help bacteria attach and form biofilms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria is more likely to be resistant to antibiotics?

    <p>Bacteria with plasmids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic appearance of Bacillus anthracis under a microscope?

    <p>Purple and rod-shaped.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of Vibrio cholerae's cell wall?

    <p>Peptidoglycan cell wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might a mutant strain of Serratia marcescens with an abnormal ribosome affect bacterial functions?

    <p>Affect biofilm formation, motility, and protein production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of sporulating bacteria?

    <p>They are unable to form biofilms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool from the microbiologist's toolbox is used to prevent the growth of microbes in the air and on tools?

    <p>Bunsen burner/microincinerator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosome?

    <p>The ribosome in the eukaryotic cell cytoplasm is larger than the prokaryotic ribosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Burt is attempting to recreate Pasteur’s famous experiment disproving Spontaneous Generation. He adds broth to a flask, heats the neck to bend it into an S-shape, and then heats the broth. After several days, Burt observes that the broth is cloudy and there is microbe growth. Which of the following could have led to this result?

    <p>The S-shaped neck of the flask allowed airborne microbes to enter the broth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of the Electron Transport System (ETS) during aerobic respiration?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

    <p>Inorganic molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Tamiflu in preventing influenza virus release?

    <p>Blocks sialic acid on host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do noncompetitive inhibitors prevent in enzyme function?

    <p>Substrate binding to the enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the periplasmic space in aerobic respiration?

    <p>Hydrogen ion transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an organism using oxygen as the final electron acceptor performs fermentation?

    <p>Carbon dioxide is produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about transformation is accurate?

    <p>A cell undergoing transformation takes up foreign DNA and incorporates it into its genome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of Vibrio cholerae?

    <p>Curved, Gram-negative microorganism with two plasma membranes and a peptidoglycan cell wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of a mutant strain of Serratia marcescens with an abnormal ribosome?

    <p>It might affect biofilm formation, motility, and protein production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of Bacillus anthracis' cell wall?

    <p>Made of peptidoglycan and would appear purple and rod-shaped under a microscope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of fimbriae in bacteria?

    <p>Help bacteria attach and form biofilms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core content of every virus particle?

    <p>Always contains either DNA or RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the lag phase and the log phase in bacterial growth?

    <p>Lag phase is a period of adaptation and preparation for growth, while log phase is a period of exponential growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of limited food supply on the bacterial growth curve?

    <p>It leads to the absence of a lag phase and a shortened log phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a chemostat in bacterial culture growth?

    <p>It allows for the continuous culture of bacteria at a constant growth rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of thermophiles, acidophiles, and halophiles?

    <p>They thrive in high temperature, acidic conditions, and high salt concentrations, respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinction between symptoms and signs in a patient's illness?

    <p>Symptoms are subjective indications of a patient's condition, while signs are objective observations by healthcare providers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of antigenic shift in the context of microbial diseases?

    <p>It refers to the process of genetic reassortment leading to the emergence of a new strain of virus with novel antigenic properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the lysogenic and lytic cycles of bacteriophages?

    <p>The lysogenic cycle involves the integration of the phage DNA into the host genome, while the lytic cycle leads to the destruction of the host cell upon release of new phages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of animal viruses after penetrating the host cell?

    <p>They use the host cell's machinery to replicate their genetic material and produce viral proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between fungi and bacteria in terms of cell wall composition?

    <p>Bacteria contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls, while fungi do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of limited food supply on the bacterial growth curve?

    <p>It leads to a prolonged lag phase followed by a slower growth rate in the exponential phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the 70S ribosome in bacteria?

    <p>It is responsible for protein synthesis in bacterial cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?

    <p>It involves the transfer of DNA to the next generation of bacteria from a related or unrelated cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second leading cause of death in the United States?

    <p>Heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many kcals are provided per gram of alcohol?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water accounts for about what percentage of a person’s total body weight?

    <p>50-70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the USDA Dietary Guidelines, one should eat at least ______ of their grains from whole grain foods.

    <p>One-third</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended protein intake range for athletes exercising regularly at a moderate- to high-intensity?

    <p>1.2-2.0 g/kg body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a high-quality protein source?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it generally not recommended to recommend a protein supplement to athletes?

    <p>Because athletes should only consume protein from foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of consuming too much protein?

    <p>Kidney damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the goals of fluid intake in athletes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sports drinks differ from water as a hydration source for athletes?

    <p>Sports drinks provide fuel for working muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an ergogenic aid?

    <p>Dietary supplements used to improve physical performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it not safe to assume all ergogenic aids are safe?

    <p>Because some can be fatal and caution is needed when purchasing supplements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to USDA guidelines, how are almonds classified in terms of nutrition?

    <p>Lean protein food choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended function of canola oil based on USDA dietary guidelines?

    <p>Healthy oil equivalent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the requirement of the NEW nutrition label regarding added sugars?

    <p>Listing of added sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum sugar reduction required for a yogurt to be considered 'reduced-sugar'?

    <p>At least 25% less sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artificial sweetener is found in Splenda?

    <p>Sucralose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the daily fiber intake recommended for young adult males according to the Adequate Intake (AI)?

    <p>38g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the requirement for restaurants with at least 20 standard menu items as per the Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act?

    <p>Provide calorie information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of saliva?

    <p>Mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of consuming fiber on the risk of lung cancer?

    <p>Does not reduce the risk of lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for individuals with lactose intolerance?

    <p>Do not eliminate all dairy foods and rely solely on supplements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nutrient category can juice contribute to as per USDA Dietary Guidelines?

    <p>One-third of the fruit group servings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lowest concentration ingredient in the pretzel's list?

    <p>Salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the 'extra' calories burned through activities like fidgeting?

    <p>Non Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which eating pattern may be considered as disordered eating?

    <p>Skipping meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary storage site for excess fat-soluble vitamins?

    <p>Liver and adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamins are considered key antioxidant vitamins?

    <p>C, E, and A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition is reducing insulin to lose weight observed?

    <p>Diabulimia in type 1 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is muscle dysmorphia more common in?

    <p>Males and young adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a required component of the female athlete triad?

    <p>Anxiety or depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene activity affects the likelihood of being of normal weight?

    <p>Thrifty gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Extreme thinness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are vitamins conserved through recommended heating techniques?

    <p>By minimizing water use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a common risk factor for eating disorders?

    <p>High self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of fidgeting in relation to burning calories?

    <p>Burn 'extra' calories through NEAT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second leading cause of death in the United States?

    <p>Heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many kcals are provided per gram of alcohol?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water accounts for about ___ of a person’s total body weight.

    <p>50-70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the USDA Dietary Guidelines, one should eat at least______of their grains from whole grain foods.

    <p>One-third</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protein needs range (in g/kg body weight) for athletes exercising regularly at a moderate- to high-intensity?

    <p>1.2-2.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a high-quality protein source?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it generally not recommended to recommend a protein supplement to athletes?

    <p>It is more beneficial to obtain protein from foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the body with excessive protein intake?

    <p>Potential kidney damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the goals of fluid intake in athletes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the use of sports drinks differ from water as a hydration source for athletes?

    <p>Sports drinks provide fuel for working muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an ergogenic aid?

    <p>Substances used to enhance physical performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to be cautious when using ergogenic aids?

    <p>Some can be fatal and may have adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to USDA guidelines, how are almonds classified in terms of nutrition?

    <p>Lean protein food choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended function of canola oil based on USDA dietary guidelines?

    <p>Healthy oil equivalent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the artificial sweetener found in Splenda?

    <p>Sucralose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the requirement of the NEW nutrition label regarding added sugars?

    <p>Requires listing of added sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum percentage reduction in sugar required for a yogurt to be considered 'reduced-sugar'?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of saliva?

    <p>Mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily fiber intake for young adult males according to the Adequate Intake (AI)?

    <p>38g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must restaurants with at least 20 standard menu items provide, as per the Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act?

    <p>Calorie information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of consuming fiber on the risk of lung cancer?

    <p>Does not reduce the risk of lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for individuals with lactose intolerance?

    <p>Do not eliminate all dairy foods, rely on supplements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nutrient category can juice contribute to as per USDA Dietary Guidelines?

    <p>Fruit group servings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lowest concentration ingredient in the pretzel's list?

    <p>Salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the 'extra' calories burned through activities like fidgeting?

    <p>Non Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptoms are most common for anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Extreme thinness and fear of gaining weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is muscle dysmorphia more commonly associated with?

    <p>Males, young adults, and very low-calorie diets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diabulimia?

    <p>A condition where insulin is reduced to lose weight in type 1 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamins are primarily stored in the liver and adipose tissue?

    <p>Vitamin A and E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamins are considered key antioxidant vitamins?

    <p>Vitamin C, E, and A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of fidgeting in relation to burning calories?

    <p>It contributes to Non Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of high self-esteem on the likelihood of eating disorders?

    <p>High self-esteem has no impact on the likelihood of eating disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of reducing insulin in diabulimia?

    <p>To promote weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which eating pattern can be considered as disordered eating?

    <p>Eating patterns like skipping meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamins are needed daily and can be conserved through recommended heating techniques?

    <p>Water-soluble vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common impact of muscle dysmorphia?

    <p>Drive for muscularity and extreme exercise regimens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Microbiology Lecture Summary

    • Burt used chicken broth in a flask, heating it at low heat for a long time, then handled it with bare hands and set it on an unsterilized countertop
    • Lysogenic and lytic cycles of bacteriophage are depicted in figures and lecture slides, with key differences including viral DNA integration during lysogenic cycle
    • Escherichia coli can cause food poisoning and is named using binomial nomenclature, with false statement about the system being that there is only one type of organism of each species
    • Horizontal gene transfer involves DNA transfer to next generation of bacteria from a related cell, gaining a single new gene sequence from outside of the cell
    • Animal viruses need to be uncoated after penetration, unlike bacteriophage, as they insert DNA into the host cell genome and exit the host cell in the uncoating step
    • Bacteria cell walls differ from fungi in that only bacteria cell walls contain peptidoglycan
    • Not all viruses destroy their host cell during release
    • B. cereus and B. anthracis have different genotypes, leading to different phenotypes if these genes are expressed into proteins in B. anthracis
    • Microbes are important to human life on Earth for various reasons, including providing fundamental knowledge about life processes and being essential for life and supporting life processes
    • Helminths are unique compared to other microorganisms as they can be viewed without a microscope during part of their life cycle
    • Viruses are unable to reproduce outside of a host cell
    • Disadvantage of the lytic cycle for bacteriophage is that the host cell lyses

    Microbiology and Disease Summary

    • Transformation is the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell through naked DNA in solution.
    • An antibiotic targeting the 70S ribosome will have no effect on human ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
    • A cell undergoing transformation takes up foreign DNA and incorporates it into its genome.
    • The core of every virus particle always contains either DNA or RNA.
    • Conjugation differs from other means of horizontal gene transfer as it requires physical contact between bacteria cells by pili.
    • Fimbriae help bacteria attach and form biofilms.
    • Bacteria with plasmids are more likely to be resistant to antibiotics.
    • Viruses are unable to reproduce outside of a host cell.
    • Bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive bacteria, would appear purple and rod-shaped under a microscope.
    • Vibrio cholerae is a curved, Gram-negative microorganism with two plasma membranes and a peptidoglycan cell wall.
    • Clostridium difficile is a prokaryotic pathogen with a cell wall made of peptidoglycan.
    • A mutant strain of Serratia marcescens with an abnormal ribosome might affect biofilm formation, motility, and protein production.

    Microbiology Quiz Summary

    • Burt used chicken broth instead of beef broth in a flask, heated it with an open S-shaped neck, handled it barehanded, and left it at low heat for a long time.
    • The lysogenic and lytic cycles of bacteriophage are depicted in Figures 6.7 and 6.8.
    • Escherichia coli can cause food poisoning and follows binomial nomenclature.
    • Horizontal gene transfer involves DNA transfer to the next generation of bacteria from a related cell.
    • Animal viruses need to be uncoated, while bacteriophages do not.
    • Fungi and bacteria differ in their cell wall composition, with only bacteria containing peptidoglycan.
    • Not all viruses destroy their host cell during release.
    • Different genotypes of bacteria lead to different phenotypes if genes are expressed into proteins.
    • Microbes are important for human life due to various reasons, including bioremediation and food production.
    • The figure does not provide enough information to determine which cell envelope includes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules.
    • Helminths are unique compared to other microorganisms because they contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
    • Viruses are unable to reproduce outside of a host cell.

    Nutrition and Physical Activity Summary

    • "Thrifty gene" activity affects likelihood of being of normal weight
    • Fidgeting burns "extra" calories known as Non Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)
    • High self-esteem is NOT a common risk factor for eating disorders
    • Symptoms most common for anorexia nervosa include extreme thinness
    • Eating patterns like skipping meals can be considered disordered eating
    • Anxiety or depression is NOT a required component of the female athlete triad
    • Muscle dysmorphia is more common in males, young adults, and associated with very low-calorie diets
    • Diabulimia involves reducing insulin to lose weight in type 1 diabetes
    • Vitamins are needed daily and can be conserved through recommended heating techniques
    • Excess fat-soluble vitamins are primarily stored in the liver and adipose tissue
    • Key antioxidant vitamins are C, E, and A
    • Niacin may be taken in high doses to treat high cholesterol

    Nutrition and Physical Activity Summary

    • "Thrifty gene" activity affects likelihood of being of normal weight
    • Fidgeting burns "extra" calories known as Non Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)
    • High self-esteem is NOT a common risk factor for eating disorders
    • Symptoms most common for anorexia nervosa include extreme thinness
    • Eating patterns like skipping meals can be considered disordered eating
    • Anxiety or depression is NOT a required component of the female athlete triad
    • Muscle dysmorphia is more common in males, young adults, and associated with very low-calorie diets
    • Diabulimia involves reducing insulin to lose weight in type 1 diabetes
    • Vitamins are needed daily and can be conserved through recommended heating techniques
    • Excess fat-soluble vitamins are primarily stored in the liver and adipose tissue
    • Key antioxidant vitamins are C, E, and A
    • Niacin may be taken in high doses to treat high cholesterol

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    Final Exam DHN Questions.docx

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    Test your knowledge of microbiology with this informative quiz. From bacterial cell walls to viral reproduction cycles, this quiz covers key concepts in microbiology, including bacteriophages, horizontal gene transfer, and the importance of microbes to human life.

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