Final Exam DHN Questions.docx

Final Exam DHN Questions Which of the following foods does the average American eat too little of on a regular basis? Whole grains What is the second leading cause of death in the United States? Cancer All of the following are organic nutrients except? Iron Which of the following nutrients provides...

Final Exam DHN Questions Which of the following foods does the average American eat too little of on a regular basis? Whole grains What is the second leading cause of death in the United States? Cancer All of the following are organic nutrients except? Iron Which of the following nutrients provides energy, but also has a nitrogen component? Protein How many kcals are provided per gram of alcohol 7 A nutrition label indicates that one serving of a product contains 10 grams of carbohydrates, 5 grams of protein, and 5 grams of fat. How many calories are provided per serving? 105 Water accounts for about___of a person’s total body wight. In general,___tend to have a higher percentage of body water. 50-70%, males The fewest food marketing dollars in the US are spent on marketing? Fruits and Vegetables The healthy eating concept that people should “eat foods from each food group” is called? Variety Dietary supplements are regulated by the food and Drug Administration. false How are the Recommended Dietary Allowances figures for all vitamins set? High 98th percentile, to cover virtually all healthy individuals. \ All of the following are components to the Dietary Reference Intakes except? Daily Value According to the USDA Dietary Guidelines, which of the following is one grain food equivalent? 1 cup ready to eat cereal According to the USDA Dietary Guidelines, one should eat at least______of their grains form whole grains foods. One-half According to the USDA guidelines, which of the following is considered a lean protein foods protein group choice? Almonds According to the USDA Dietary Guidelines, juice can count towards how many servings for the fruit group? One-third According to USDA dietary guidelines, which of the following sources of fat would you recommend as a “healthy” oil equivalent? Canola oil Compared to the MYPLATE image, the Harvard University Healthy Eating Plate image? Includes water, rather than diary Which of the following must now be listed on the NEW nutrition label, but was not previously required? Added sugars The ingredient list on a bag of pretzels reads: enriched what flour, salt, vegetable oil, artificial butter flavor, corn syrup, yeast, calcium lactate critic acid, dried onion. The ingredient in the lowest concentration is salt. A reduced-sugar yogurt is one that? Has at least 25% less sugar than the original product Which of the following artificial sweeteners is found in Splenda? Sucralose All of the following are potential health benefits of eating fiber except? May reduce risk of lung cancer According to the Adequate Intake (AI), young adult males should consume_____of fiber daily. 38 g Your friend recently found out that she is lactose intolerant. You recommend all the following except? Eliminate all daily foods and rely solely on supplements to meet nutritional needs. According to the Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act, restaurants with at least calorie information for standard menu items. 20 All of the following describe saliva except? Primarily composed of mucus Ageusia is a condition in which a person? has a total loss of taste. Which of the following is not a primary function of the stomach? Nutrient absorption Consuming yogurt to promote optimal microbes in the GI tract is an example of consuming a? Probiotic The disaccharide that is found in table sugar is called? Sucrose The majority of glycogen is stored where in the body? Muscles The type of fiber that you might recommend to someone experiencing chronic constipation is Insoluble fiber The hormone ______ is secreted in response to low blood glucose levels Glucagon Compared to type 3 diabetes, which of the following symptoms is more likely to be seen in type 1 diabetes? Fatigue and confusion Test 2 Lipids? Are found in both plant and animal foods Aprrox ____ percent of the fat that is in the American diet is in the form of triglyercides. 95 Which of the following is true concerning saturated fatty acids? Foods containing these fats tend to be solid at room temp Salmon and tuna are excellent sources of? Omega-3-fatty acids Consuming salmon and tuna on a regular basis may help to do all of the following except? Prevent lung cancer Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids? Flaxseed Which of the following foods naturally contains the phospholipid lecithin? Eggs Which of the following long-chain fatty acids is most important to brain health in infants? DHA In addition to dietary intake of cholesterol, cholesterol can also be made in the Liver Mercury toxicity is particularly of concern in those who consume multiple times a week Fish The common role of all lipoproteins is/are to? Transport fat Consuming a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids may reduce a person's risk for heart disease True What type of fat serves as a precursor for certain hormones, as well as vitamin D? Sterols Which lipoprotein contains the greatest percentage of cholesterol? LDL Alpha-linolenic acid is an omega-3 FA that should account for 0. G-1.2% of a person's total dally kcal intake. b. True Proteins are unique in that they have a/an_____side group as compared to carbs and lipids. Amine All of the following are essential amino acids except? Alanine In a person with_____ some amino acids become conditionally essential. Kidney and/or liver disease Nasreen is a 130 lb healthy young adult. Based on the RDA, many g of protein should she be eating per day? 47 130÷2.2 = 59 kg 59 Kg x 0,8 = 47g Dave eats a diet that is high in protein. He was very active as a high school athlete, but now does not have a chance to work out very often. The extra protein he eats will be converted into fat. The enzyme_____is active in the______and begins the enzymatic digestion of proteins. pepsin, stomach Most proteins in foods and in nature exist in the form. Tertiary Peptide bond Are considered strong Celiac disease Is an autoimmune disorder whereby gluten cannot be absorbed The study of how genetic variations influence the body's response to consuming specific nutrients is called____An example of this is how certain people have one response to following a low-cholesterol (i.e. their blood lipid levels improve) and other people follow the same diet and it has no impact. nutrigenetics Which of the following foods is most likely to cause an allergic reaction? Eggs Hives, swollen or itchy lips and eczema are common symptoms of Celiac Disease. False In the United States, about 10% of edible food is wasted. True False How many net AT are generated through glycolysis? 2 Lactate? Accumulates when oxygen is not available in tissues. . Glycolysis? Is reversible. Which vitamin is necessary for transamination reactions? Vitamin B6 When carbohydrates are not available, Acetyl CoA will be converted to? Ketone bodies The human body is about______efficient in converting food energy to work. The rest is lost lis 25%, heat Which of the following vitamins is essential for converting pyruvate to acetyl CoA? Riboflavin Test 3 Sam is 5’8 tall and wighs 180 ibs. What is sam’s BMI? 27 Based on this BMI, sam would be considered a Being over-weight Which of the following is considered a non-modifiable rick factor for obesity? Genetics Risk for each of the following chronic conditions increases with obesity except? Celiac disease Visceral fat? Is found mostly in the abdominal region. is a hormone produced by adipose cells that increases satiety. Leptin A person who has a lower activity of the "thrifty gene" Is more likely to? Be of normal weight Carol is someone who is very fidgety, often tapping her foot as she sits in class or working on her computer, The "extra" calories Carol is burning through fidgeting are called? Non exercise activity thermogenests (NEAT) Which of the following is NOT considered a common risk factor for eating disorders? Having high self-esteem Which of the symptoms below is/are most common for anorexia nervosa, as compared to bulimia nervosa? Extreme thinness Petros has been really busy at work. He often eats a granola bar on the way to work, skips lunch, and then doesn't eat again until a big meal around 8 pm. This would be considered? Disordered eating All of the following are required components of the female athlete triad EXCEPT? Anxiety or depression Which of the following factors often decrease a person BMR Following very low calories diet Muscle dysmorphia? Is an unhealthy prescuption with the body being too small or ot musculer some Is more common in males than females. Is more common in young adults. All of the above describe muscle dysmorphia. Which of the following are characteristics of diabullnis? much Insulin Person with type 1 diabetes not taking enough insulin All of the following describe vitamins except Needed on a daily basis To conserve vitamins, which of the following heating techniques is/are recommended? Microwaving vegetables Stir-frying vegetables Steaming vegetables B and C All of the above When fat-soluble vitamins are consumed in excess of needs, how does the body primarily treat the excess? Excreted primarily in the urine Excreted primarily in the feces Stored in liver and adipose tissue Which of the following are considered key antioxidant vitamins? Vitamin C, vitamin E, and vitamin A Which vitamin may be taken in high doses to treat high cholesterol? Niacin What vitamin is most important during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects and at what point in the pregnancy is the vitamin most important? Folate, first trimester How much of this vitamin is necessary for wormen of childbearing potential? 400 ug/day What vitamin is essential to the blood clotting process? Vitamin K A deficiency of what vitamin is most likely in older adults? Vitamin B12 Following a diet rich in______may help to protect against and/or treat the common cold. Vitamin C Consuming too much niacin can cause? Flushing (redness/heat) The form of vitamin D that is made in the liver is called vitamin D_______ which is_____as potent as "regular" calcidiol, 5 Intrinsic factor? Levels decrease as a person ages. NADH is made from? Niacin Which of the following is a key function of vitamin B12? Maintenance of myelin sheaths What is the KEY function of vitamin E? Antioxidant Which of the following is considered a trace mineral? Zinc Minerals are organic nutrients. False Which of the following is most bioavailable source of calcium? 8 fl oz cow's milk Chapter 15: Nutrition for Fitness and Sport List at least five health benefits of regular physical activity. Strong muscles- reduce the risk of injury. Keeps you shape- improves body composition and healthy body weight. Makes you feel better Social Can help with mentally Brain health Identify at least three reasons why people do not exercise and provide recommendations for overcoming those barriers. Too Busy Too Tired Don’t know where to start And others Treadmill desk Walking the dog Standing desk Schedule the workout What are the current US physical activity recommendations? Adults should exercise 150 min a week moderate-intensity aerobic activity (walking fast, swimming, cycling) Muscle-strengthening activity 2 days a week Explain what is meant by the intensity, duration, and frequency of aerobic activity. Intensity- am I walking jogging or running Duration- start off slow and then bump up how long you can go Frequency- has to be consistent Calculate a person’s max HR given their age. Rang of Heart rate to achieve a certain intensity Moderate intensity: 50-70% max HR Age-related max HR 220-(Age)= Max HR Based on this, calculate the HR range a person should aim for if exercising at a moderate intensity. What are general recommendations in terms of strength training? At least 2 days/week Warm-up +8-10 different activities Reps? Weight? What nutrients are used as the primary fuels for physical activity? Physical activity requires energy Carbohydrates Fats Protein not one that provides engery What are the three factors that influence fuel usage? Type Intensity Duration Sprint athletes 85% are coming from the carbohydrate Walking about 75% comes from fat because it’s a low-intensity Weight Lifting about 60% comes from fat Describe how glycogen and fat are used to fuel a 30 to 40-minute aerobic activity (like jogging 3-4 miles). At start, muscles rely almost entirely on own stores of glycogen Within about 20 min, about 20% glycogen used up Around 15-20 min, muscles switch over to use less glycogen and more fat Contrast fat and carbohydrate usage in walking, weight lifting, a 2-hour run, hard cycling for 1 hour, championship basketball, and the 200-meter hurdles. What are the three energy systems used during physical activity? Phosphocreatine-ATP (PCr-ATP) Lactic acid (anaerobic) Oxygen What is the PCr-ATP system – does it require oxygen? How long does it last? It is anaerobic and it is used for quick high intensity energy, so used for less than 10 sec What recommendations do you have for an athlete in terms of carbohydrate consumption? Consume 6-10 g carb/kg body weight spread out throughout the day There were different types of carbs such as pasta, sports drink, When should a pre-workout/event snack or meal be consumed? 1-4 hours before exercise What are the key characteristics of that snack/meal? Moderate in complex carbohydrates, moderate in protein, low in fat, and low in fiber to min GI upset. What are the protein needs of an athlete who is exercising regularly at a moderate- to high-intensity? An average person exercising does not need extra protein beyond RDA(0.8) For athletes is 1.2-2.0 g/kg body weight Provide three examples of high quality protein sources. Whole grain with peanut butter with bananas on top, low-fat chocolate milk, almonds, Greek yogurt, grilled chicken Would you recommend a protein supplement to your friend who works out? Why or why not? For most people is NO because its better to consume from foods. What happens to too much protein? What are the goals of fluid intake in athletes? Optimize performance Delay fatigue Prevent dehydration and heat illness Overhydrate would be an imbalance and lead to water toxicity. Contrast sports drinks and water as a hydration source for athletes. If practice or competition lasts less than one hour, water is the best choice to stay hydrated. If the activity will last longer than one hour or is very intense, a sports drink will help your child stay hydrated, but it will also provide something that water cannot – fuel for his or her working muscles. What is the definition of an ergogenic aid? Foods, devices, dietary supplements, or drugs used to try to improve physical performance List at least three reasons why athletes use ergogenic aids. For money, to win, to be better. Would you tell someone ergogenic aids are safe? Why or why not? Unknown Some can be fatal and be smart when you purchase the supplement What is the NCAA policy on supplement use in student-athletes? Describe how creatine works as an ergogenic aid. What type of athlete benefits most from creatine supplementation?