Microbiology Quiz on Infectious Diseases

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the infectious dose of Francisella tularensis?

~10,000

~100 (correct)

~1,000

~10

Which mechanism does Legionella pneumophila manipulate to prevent lysosome fusion in macrophages?

Transcription

Exocytosis

Phagocytosis

Autophagy (correct)

Which genus of tick is primarily responsible for transmitting Lyme disease in the United States?

Ornithodoros

Amblyomma

Pediculus

Ixodes (correct)

Which device was linked to the transmission of Legionella pneumophila to customers in 1996?

Hot tub Signup and view all the answers

What capsule type of Haemophilus influenzae is most commonly associated with infections?

B Signup and view all the answers

What is the first clinical sign of syphilis?

Chancre Signup and view all the answers

Which Clostridial species is highly associated with colon cancer in patients?

C.septicum Signup and view all the answers

Where are the flagella of spirochetes located?

Periplasmic space Signup and view all the answers

What type of protein does the C.diphtheria toxin ADP-ribosylate?

EF-2 Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is associated with Legionella pneumophila?

Legionnaire's Disease Signup and view all the answers

Which species of Mycobacterium can be transmitted to humans through raw milk from infected cows?

M.bovis Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the transition from the noninfectious to infectious form of Legionella pneumophila within a host cell?

Depletion of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is a first-line treatment for M.tuberculosis by inhibiting mycolic acid synthesis?

Isoniazid Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of tularensis cases are classified as ulceroglandular?

75-80% Signup and view all the answers

Which animal is not commonly associated with F. tularensis infection in humans?

Dogs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of F. tularensis to humans?

Direct contact with infected animal tissues Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria is Francisella tularensis?

Gram negative short rods Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of the antibody response in children under two years old to carbohydrate antigens?

It is ineffective Signup and view all the answers

How long can it take to culture F. tularensis from a clinical specimen?

Up to 3 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Haemophilus influenzae is correct?

It is associated with a variety of diseases besides pneumoniae. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the environment where F. tularensis can be isolated?

From mud and water sources Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Question 1 Infectious Dose of Francisella tularensis

The infectious dose of Francisella tularensis is approximately 10 bacteria.

Question 2 Intracellular Legionella pneumophila

Intracellular Legionella pneumophila prevent lysosome fusion by manipulating autophagy inside a macrophage.

Question 3 Device Responsible for Legionella Transmission

A hot tub in a local Blacksburg home improvement store transmitted Legionella pneumophila to customers in 1996.

Question 4 Person-to-Person Spread of Legionella pneumophila

Legionella pneumophila is not spread from person to person by coughing or aerosolization.

Question 5 Haemophilus influenzae Capsule Types

Capsule type B of Haemophilus influenzae causes the most infections.

Question 6 Toxotype of C. perfringens causing Human Enteritis Necroticans

Toxotype C of C. perfringens causes human enteritis necroticans (pig-bel).

Question 7 Clostridial Infection Associated with Colon Cancer

Clostridium septicum infection is highly associated with colon cancer patients.

Question 8 Tetanus Toxin Action

Tetanus toxin acts primarily at the neuromuscular junction.

Question 9 Chemical Reaction of C. difficile Toxins

The toxins ToxA and ToxB of C. difficile carry out a glucosylation chemical reaction.

Question 10 Food Associated with Infant Botulism

Honey is commonly associated with infant botulism.

Question 1 Mycolic Acid Biosynthesis Inhibitor

Isoniazid stops mycolic acid biosynthesis and is administered to people with tuberculosis.

Question 2 M. tuberculosis Reproduction

Inside macrophages, M. tuberculosis reproduces.

Question 3 ADP-Ribosylation of What Protein

The C. diphtheria toxin carries out the ADP-ribosylation of EF-2 in the mammalian cell.

Question 4 Mycobacterium Transmission

Mycobacterium bovis can be transmitted to humans by drinking raw milk from infected cows.

Question 5 BCG Vaccine Species

The BCG vaccine came from the species Mycobacterium bovis.

Question 6 Erythema Migrans in Lyme Disease

Erythema migrans is the characteristic rash in Lyme disease, often appearing as a bull's-eye rash.

Question 7 Antibiotic Treatment for Syphilis

Penicillin is currently used to treat most cases of syphilis.

Question 8 Lyme Disease Tick Vector

Ixodes ticks transmit Lyme disease in the U.S.

Question 9 First Clinical Sign of Syphilis

The first clinical sign of syphilis is the formation of a chancre.

Question 10 Location of Spirochete Flagella

Spirochete flagella are located in the periplasmic space.

Legionella

L. pneumophila causes Legionnaire's disease.
L. pneumophilia and L. micdadei cause Pontiac Fever.
Symptoms are flu-like but not as serious as Legionnaires' Disease.
Sources include surface water, water treatment plants, and hot water heaters.

Francisella tularensis

Associated with animal exposures.
Highly infectious (~10 bacteria).
Found in animals in the Northern Hemisphere.
Lives in macrophages in lymph nodes, causing swelling.
Ulceroglandular is common (75-80% of cases).
Can escape the phagosome of macrophages.

Haemophilus influenzae

Causes diseases beyond pneumonia.
Gram-stained bacteria.
Causes diseases such as meningitis, otitis media, sinusitis, epliglottitis, tracheobronchitis, bacteremia, and pneumonia.
Type B is most significant.
Children lack effective antibody response to carbohydrate antigens. Conjugate vaccines are used for childhood diseases.

Epiglottitis

Suffocation hazard, especially in children.

Haemophilus Influenzae type B disease

Incidence declines after vaccine.
Maternal antibodies are important.

Clostridial Diseases

Toxin production varies in severity.
Tissue invasiveness varies in severity.

C. difficile infection

Causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea-loss of resident microbiota.
Can develop into pseudomembranous colitis -inflammation and perforation of the intestine.
Transmission due to spores in hospitals (often via hands of healthcare personnel).
Symptoms include diarrhea, ulcers in colon, and sometimes death.

Clostridial Tissue Infections

Gas gangrene is often caused by Clostridia.
Bacteria produce toxins and cause tissue damage.
Spores are often present in wounds which can further exacerbate infections.

C. perfringens

Six different types (A-F) associated with various diseases.
Toxin production and tissue involvement differs between the types.
Type C causes human enteritis necroticans
Diagnosis involves looking for a double zone of hemolysis on blood agar plates.

Clostridium botulinum

Causes botulism
Produces toxins that block neurotransmitter release.
Causes flaccid paralysis affecting muscles of the body, causing weakness, difficulty speaking, swallowing, and breathing.
Food-borne botulism is from ingesting toxins
Infant botulism is from ingesting spores in food, and the bacteria produce the toxins in the intestinal tract.
Wound botulism is from spores entering a wound, and producing the toxin in the wound.

Clostridium tetani

Causes tetanus
Bacteria produce toxins that cause neurotransmitter release to be blocked,
Causes spastic paralysis.

Campylobacter

Various species.
Many diseases involving the G-I tract, often following consumption of contaminated food products.
Usually resolves with no treatment.

Helicobacter pylori

Worldwide, with incidence increasing with age.
Causes gastritis and peptic ulcers.
Factors such as socioeconomic status influences infection rate.
Possibly related to gastric cancer.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Global health threat.
High infection rates.
Causes tuberculosis (TB).
Transmitted through inhalation of droplet nuclei.
Bacteria multiply inside macrophages of the lungs.
Some individuals can remain latent while others develop disease.
Diagnosis involves the use of acid-fast stains.
Treatment with antibiotics (often multi-drug regimen) is necessary.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on various pathogenic microorganisms and the diseases they cause. This quiz covers crucial topics including Francisella tularensis, Legionella pneumophila, Lyme disease, and treatments for tuberculosis. Perfect for students of microbiology or those interested in infectious diseases.