Microbiology Quiz: Mycosis and Fungal Biology

<p>Systemic mycosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occurs only in individuals with weakened immune systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reverse transcriptase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provirus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Integrase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stress or illness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mRNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To break down organic matter and recycle nutrients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are prokaryotic organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chitin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ergosterol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fungal infections tend to grow more slowly than bacterial infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superficial mycosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moist environments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It does not have a phospholipid layer surrounding the capsid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To attach the bacteriophage to the host cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Icosahedral (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To attach the virus to the host cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Either DNA or RNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect the nucleic acid from damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteriophages have a more complex structure than virions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reverse transcriptase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It integrates viral DNA into host DNA. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both B and C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Entry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It replicates viral RNA. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prions are small, non-cellular infectious agents that contain only protein. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prions induce the misfolding of normal proteins in the brain, leading to neurodegenerative diseases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prion diseases are slow-progressing and often fatal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prion diseases are often transmitted through contaminated medical instruments or tissues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Mad Cow disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By consuming contaminated food or water (C), By consuming infected intermediate hosts like birds or rodents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct contact with infected animals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are intermediate hosts, harboring the parasite's larval stages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the placenta (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through contaminated water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amoebiasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contaminated food or water ingestion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of cysts that spread to other organs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anopheles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diarrhea with mucus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gametes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schizogony (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More merozoites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extreme fever and chills (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red blood cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causing symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consumption of contaminated food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By forming abnormal proteins that induce misfolding of normal proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mad cow disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Misfolded proteins lacking nucleic acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of nucleic acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA or RNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polygon with 20 sides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipid layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tail fibers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Naked viruses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsomeres (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The virus reproduces rapidly and causes symptoms over a brief period. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic viral infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By transforming normal cells into malignant cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Misfolded proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ingesting contaminated meat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The normal protein misfolds, losing its function. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatitis C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The virus remains inactive within the host cell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They grow uncontrollably. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inherited genetic mutations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A fungal infection affecting the epidermis, hair, and nails, caused by dermatophytes.

Microbes that cause cutaneous mycosis by digesting keratin.

A fungal infection that penetrates deeper tissues beyond the dermis.

A fungal infection that spreads throughout the body, often from the respiratory system.

Fungal infections occurring in immunocompromised patients, like yeast infections.

Fungi mainly act as decomposers and are used in food production.

An enzyme required by retroviruses to convert RNA into DNA.

Fungal cell membranes contain ergosterol.

An enzyme that integrates viral DNA into the host's DNA, forming a provirus.

Fungal cell walls contain chitin.

Viral DNA that is integrated into the host DNA permanently.

Multicellular fungi are known as molds, consisting of filaments called hyphae.

A specific event that activates proviral genes; often linked to illness.

Unicellular fungi are referred to as yeasts.

The process through which viruses are produced after their activation.

Fungi reproduce sexually by producing gametes.

Fungi reproduce asexually through mitosis, budding, fragmentation, or spores.

A disease caused by fungi is called mycosis.

Fungus-causing skin infections can enter through wounds or be part of resident microbiota.

A superficial mycosis is a fungal infection of the epidermis, hair, and nails without keratin digestion.

Two examples are Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Mad Cow disease.

Platyhelminths have a flat body, no body cavity, and a mouth but no anus.

Schistosoma is transmitted through water contaminated with larvae from infected snails.

Two types are latent infections and chronic infections.

Animal viruses infect animal cells, while bacteriophages infect bacteria.

A complete virus particle that can infect eukaryote cells.

The genetic material of a virus, which can be DNA or RNA.

A protein coat that surrounds and protects the viral nucleic acid.

The smaller protein subunits that make up the capsid.

A capsid shape that is spiral or rod-like in form.

A virus shape with 20 triangular faces (polygons).

A virus that has a lipid layer surrounding its capsid.

A virus that specifically infects bacteria.

The process where a virus attaches to and enters a host cell.

The spontaneous process where viral capsid and genome come together.

The method by which a virus exits a host cell.

A viral exit method where the virus acquires an envelope from the host's membrane.

A process where non-enveloped viruses burst the host cell to escape.

An enzyme that synthesizes RNA from an RNA template during viral biosynthesis.

The process by which a virus merges with the host cell membrane to enter the cell.

Cats can be re-infected by consuming infected intermediate hosts or feces.

The fecal-oral route is how infections spread through contaminated food or water.

Animals that can carry and pass infections to cats, like birds and rodents.

Pregnant animals can pass infections from themselves to the fetus via the placenta.

Cysts can be transferred by consuming the meat of infected animals.

A disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica, leading to dysentery.

Amoebic cysts are passed through fecal-oral route via contaminated food/water.

Main symptoms include diarrhea, mucus, pain, and flatulence.

Can include cyst formation and chronic infection, affecting other organs.

Plasmodium species are responsible for causing malaria, transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes.

A genus of parasites that cause malaria and require mosquitoes to complete their lifecycle.

The infectious form of Plasmodium that enters the human bloodstream through mosquito bites.

The form of Plasmodium that infects red blood cells, produced from sporozoites.

The stage of Plasmodium where merozoites grow and then lyse red blood cells.

To break down or burst; in malaria, it refers to red blood cells being destroyed by trophozoites.

A parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, often associated with cats as the definitive host.

Extreme fever, chills, and anemia due to red blood cell destruction.

The general arrangement of viral components including nucleic acid, capsid, and sometimes envelope.

The structure of a bacteriophage, which includes a polyhedral capside, sheath, and tail fibers.

Structures attached to the sheath of a bacteriophage, involved in attachment to host bacteria.

A virus that lacks an envelope and is more resistant to environmental conditions.

A viral infection where the virus rapidly reproduces, causing symptoms over a brief period.

Common viral infections like the cold and influenza.

A viral infection where the virus cannot be cleared from the body.

A persistent infection where the virus becomes dormant in the host cell.

Herpes simplex virus, which can remain dormant in nerve cells.

A persistent infection where symptoms are recurrent and the virus evades the immune system.

Viruses can transform normal cells into malignant cells by inserting their genome.

Prions transmit disease through ingestion of contaminated meat or contact with infected tissues.

Schistosoma is transmitted through water contaminated with larvae from infected snails.

The two types are cestodes (tapeworms) and trematodes (flukes).

Non-enveloped RNA viruses enter host cells, replicate, and are released without a lipid envelope.