Mycosis: Fungal Infection Overview

Tumefaction = Tumor like swelling Discharging sinuses = Openings draining pus Granules = Solid particles in discharge Lymphadenopathy = Swollen lymph nodes

Amphotericin B = Madurella infections Itraconazole = Pseudallescheria boydii Flucytosine = Exophiala jeanselmei Miconazole = General antifungal treatment

Nodules = Swelling at the site of inoculation Ulcers = Open sores along lymphatic channels Lymphatic involvement = Spread along lymph vessels Systemic infections = Infection spreading throughout the body

<p>Saturated solution of potassium iodide = Sporotrichosis Long-term antifungal medications = Subcutaneous mycoses Surgical removal = Mycetoma Amphotericin B = Systemic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systemic mycosis = Deep fungal infections affecting multiple organs Histoplasmosis = Infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum Pulmonary infiltrates = Lung issues seen on radiography Dimorphic = Existing in two forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever = Elevated body temperature Chills = Shivering sensations Myalgias = Muscle pains Nonproductive cough = Cough without mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spread of infection = Involvement of deeper tissues Lymphadenopathy = Affected lymphatic system Cosmetic disfigurement = Scarring and visible abnormalities Systemic infections = Widespread body infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycetoma = Long-term antifungal therapy Histoplasmosis = Amphotericin B or itraconazole Sporotrichosis = Oral itraconazole Subcutaneous mycoses = Combination of surgery and antifungals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis = Supportive therapy and rest Coccidioidomycosis = Itraconazole for symptom reduction Blastomycosis = Amphotericin B Disseminated histoplasmosis = Amphotericin B</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histoplasmosis = Histoplasma capsulatum Coccidioidomycosis = Coccidioides posadasii Blastomycosis = Blastomyces dermatitidis Valley fever = Coccidioides immitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis = Granulomatous nodules with calcification Coccidioidomycosis = Self-limited influenza-like illness Blastomycosis = Pulmonary infiltrate with various symptoms Disseminated histoplasmosis = Relapses despite therapy in AIDS patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mild to moderate histoplasmosis = Itraconazole Severe coccidioidomycosis = Amphotericin B Coccidioidal meningitis = Oral fluconazole Chronic blastomycosis = Amphotericin B</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histoplasmosis = Cough and malaise Coccidioidomycosis = Fever and arthralgia Blastomycosis = Night sweats and myalgias Valley fever = Headache and cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coccidioidomycosis cases with severe symptoms = Amphotericin B AIDS patients with histoplasmosis = Maintenance therapy with itraconazole Chronic pneumonia due to blastomycosis = Amphotericin B Self-limited valley fever = Symptomatic support</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histoplasmosis = Nodules heal with calcification Coccidioidomycosis = Desert rheumatism Blastomycosis = Ulcerated verrucous granulomas Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis = Manifests more in men</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic histoplasmosis = Reactivation process Coccidioidomycosis = Relapses if untreated Blastomycosis = Dissemination to skin and bones Histoplasmosis in AIDS = Prolonged treatment required</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superficial Mycosis = Affects the outermost layer of the skin, hair, and nails Cutaneous Mycosis = Involves deeper layers of skin, hair, and nails Subcutaneous Mycosis = Affects skin, subcutaneous tissue, and sometimes bone Systemic Mycosis = Involves internal organs or the entire body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dermatophytoses = Caused by fungi that thrive on keratinized tissues Candidiasis = Caused by Candida species, a type of yeast Aspergillosis = Caused by Aspergillus species, a type of mold Histoplasmosis = Caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, found in contaminated soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tinea Versicolor = Common superficial fungal infection affecting the skin Athlete's Foot = Common cutaneous infection affecting the feet Ringworm = Common cutaneous infection that can occur anywhere on the body Sporotrichosis = Involves deeper skin and subcutaneous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Athlete's Foot = Cutaneous Mycosis Tinea Versicolor = Superficial Mycosis Sporotrichosis = Subcutaneous Mycosis Fungal pneumonia = Systemic Mycosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dermatophytoses = Infections on skin, hair, and nails Candidiasis = Overgrowth causing mucosal infections Aspergillosis = Causes respiratory infections Coccidioidomycosis = Infections from dimorphic fungi in arid regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Candida = Normal skin flora that can cause infections Aspergillus = Associated with respiratory issues Histoplasma = Found in bird or bat droppings Coccidioides = Inhabits arid and semi-arid regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superficial Mycosis = Harmless and cosmetic Cutaneous Mycosis = Causes inflammation and discomfort Subcutaneous Mycosis = May require surgical intervention Systemic Mycosis = Life-threatening in immunocompromised individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superficial Mycosis = Limited to the skin's outer layer Cutaneous Mycosis = Affects deeper skin layers Subcutaneous Mycosis = Chronic and may affect tissue Systemic Mycosis = Spreads through the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allergic rhinitis = Sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, nasal congestion Asthma = Wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath Skin allergies = Itchy rash, hives Sinusitis = Sinus congestion, pain, and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tinea Corporis = Miconazole cream (topical) 2%, apply thinly 12hourly for 5-7 days after clearing Tinea Capitis = Griseofulvin (PO): Adult 500 mg; Paediatric 10-20mg/kg 24hourly for 6-8 weeks Pityriasis Versicolor = Clotrimazole cream (topical) 12hourly for 2 weeks Tinea Pedis = Frequent change of socks/footwear, keeping spaces between toes dry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Itraconazole = 200mg 24hourly for 6-9months Terbinafine (PO) = 250mg 24hourly for 6-8weeks Fluconazole = 150-300mg once weekly for 6-12months Miconazole = 2% oral gel every 8hourly for 7days</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alternaria = Common outdoor mold Cladosporium = Common indoor mold Penicillium = Produces the antibiotic penicillin Aspergillus = Can cause respiratory issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clotrimazole vaginal pessaries = Vaginal candidiasis Miconazole cream 2% = Cutaneous candidiasis Fluconazole (PO) 150mg stat = Severe vaginal candidiasis Miconazole 2% oral gel = Oral candidiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Topical treatment = Miconazole cream for Tinea Capitis Oral treatment = Griseofulvin for Tinea Capitis Antihistamines = Symptomatic relief for allergies Immunotherapy = Long-term management of allergies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Topical cream = Clotrimazole for cutaneous candidiasis Oral suspension = Nystatin for oral candidiasis PO (oral) = Fluconazole for GIT candidiasis Vaginal pessaries = Miconazole for vaginal candidiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tinea Corporis = Body ringworm Tinea Capitis = Scalp ringworm Tinea Pedis = Athlete's foot Tinea Cruris = Jock itch</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gentian violet = 24hourly for 14days Amikacin = 7.5mg/kg 12hourly for 5weeks Terbinafine cream = 24hourly for 14days Co-trimoxazole = 480mg–960mg 12hourly for 5weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic sinusitis = Long-lasting nasal congestion and pain Asthma exacerbations = Increased wheezing and shortness of breath Skin allergies = Persistent itchy rash and hives Sinusitis = Recurring sinus infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycetoma (Actinomycetoma) = Co-trimoxazole and Amikacin Eumycetoma = Itraconazole for 5weeks or longer Onychomycosis = Fluconazole (PO) 150-300mg weekly Chromoblastomycosis = Itraconazole (PO) 200mg for 6-9months</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corticosteroids = Reduce inflammation and swelling Antihistamines = Block histamine action to relieve allergies Keratinolytics = Help in the treatment of fungal conditions Antifungals = Eliminate fungal infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Miconazole cream 2% = 12hourly for 2weeks Fluconazole (PO) 150mg = 24hourly for 14days Clotrimazole vaginal pessaries = Insert one at night for 6days Terbinafine (PO) = 250mg 24hourly for 6-8weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent change of socks = Prevention of Tinea Pedis Using cotton clothing = Reduces moisture and irritation Keeping skin dry = Prevents fungal overgrowth Separating opposing skin surfaces = Speeds healing of skin infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Miconazole vaginal pessaries = Clotrimazole vaginal pessaries Terbinafine (PO) = Itraconazole (PO) 200mg Nystatin oral suspension = Miconazole 2% oral gel Co-trimoxazole = Dapsone for Actinomycetoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paracoccidioidomycosis = Caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Cryptococcosis = Caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Opportunistic Mycoses = Fungal infections in individuals with weakened immune systems Candidiasis = Involves Candida and related endogenous opportunistic yeasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Itraconazole = Paracoccidioidomycosis Amphotericin B and flucytosine = Cryptococcal meningitis Ketoconazole = Paracoccidioidomycosis Fluconazole = Suppressive therapy for cryptococcosis in AIDS patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic meningitis = Cryptococcosis Painful sores in oral mucosa = Paracoccidioidomycosis Disorientation and neck stiffness = Cryptococcosis Skin lesions = Opportunistic Mycoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paracoccidioidomycosis = Primarily affects men aged 30-60 Cryptococcosis = More common in patients with HIV/AIDS Candidiasis = Common in immunocompromised individuals Opportunistic Mycoses = Typically affects individuals with underlying health conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paracoccidioidomycosis = Skin and mucocutaneous tissue Cryptococcosis = Central nervous system Candidiasis = Various mucosal sites Pneumocystis pneumonia = Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis = Inhaled and causes initial lung lesions Cryptococcus neoformans = Commonly occurs in immunocompetent persons but more frequent in immunosuppressed Cryptococcus gattii = Associated with apparently normal hosts Candida = Endogenous opportunistic yeast</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure = Cryptococcosis Normal or low glucose in CSF = Cryptococcosis Elevated protein in CSF = Cryptococcosis Biopsy shows yeast forms = Cryptococcosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suppressive therapy with fluconazole = Recommended for inadequately treated AIDS patients with cryptococcosis Combination therapy of amphotericin B and flucytosine = Standard treatment for cryptococcal meningitis 6-month course of itraconazole = Effective for confined paracoccidioidomycosis Amphotericin B alone = Potentially curative for non-AIDS cryptococcosis patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

A fungal infection caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, primarily affecting the lungs and spreading to other organs.

An antifungal medication effective in treating paracoccidioidomycosis, particularly in confined lesions.

Fungal infections that primarily affect individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS.

An opportunistic fungal infection caused by Candida species, affecting various body parts.

A fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, more common in immunocompromised patients.

A major clinical manifestation of cryptococcosis, resembling brain tumors or abscesses.

An antifungal used for severe cases of fungal infections, including cryptococcal meningitis.

An antifungal often used in combination with amphotericin B to treat cryptococcal meningitis.

Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Aspergillus are molds found indoors and outdoors.

A common yeast that can cause allergies in humans.

Fungal spores can be transmitted through inhalation, contact, or ingestion.

Symptoms include sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, and nasal congestion.

Symptoms of asthma include wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.

Topical treatments include benzoic acid, miconazole, or terbinafine for body ringworm.

Change socks frequently, use cotton, and keep feet dry to prevent athlete’s foot.

Allergy shots that may help manage severe fungal allergies.

A fungal infection characterized by tumor-like swelling, discharging sinuses, and granule-containing discharge.

Involves surgical removal and antifungals like nystatin, miconazole, or amphotericin B, depending on the causing organism.

A fungal infection that leads to nodules and ulcers along lymphatic channels, often starting at the inoculation site.

Best treated with oral itraconazole or potassium iodide, and amphotericin B for systemic cases.

Serious fungal infections that spread throughout the body, potentially life-threatening for immunocompromised individuals.

A systemic mycosis caused by inhalation of Histoplasma capsulatum conidia, presenting as flu-like symptoms.

Includes fever, chills, myalgias, headaches, nonproductive cough, and may show hilar lymphadenopathy on X-ray.

Infections can spread to deeper tissues, lymphatics may get involved, and significant cosmetic disfigurement may occur.

Topical medication for cutaneous candidiasis, 1% applied 12-hourly for 2 weeks.

Topical antifungal treatment, 2% applied 12-hourly for 2 weeks for cutaneous candidiasis.

Topical antifungal applied once daily for 14 days for skin infections.

Oral antifungal treatment, 150mg taken daily for various candidiasis types, 14 days for GIT.

Antifungal for oral candidiasis, gurgle and swallow 6-hourly.

Oral antifungal, 200mg taken daily for fungal infections, 6-9 months for chromoblastomycosis.

Fluconazole 150-300mg weekly for 6-12 months to treat nail fungal infections.

Combined treatment with co-trimoxazole and amikacin for 5 weeks for bacterial form.

An infection that manifests with respiratory symptoms and resolves spontaneously in many cases.

A common occurrence in AIDS patients with previously treatable fungal infections.

A fungal infection caused by Coccidioides species, often leading to valley fever symptoms.

Self-limited influenza-like illness from coccidioidal infection.

A chronic fungal infection starting in the lungs that may disseminate to other organs.

Inflammatory response seen in infections like blastomycosis, characterized by granuloma formation.

A disease caused by a fungal infection.

Infections affecting the outermost layer of skin and hair, usually harmless.

Infections that involve deeper layers of skin, causing discomfort.

Infections affecting deeper skin layers and tissues, may require surgery.

Infections caused by fungi that thrive on keratinized tissues.

Infections caused by Aspergillus species, can affect the respiratory system.