Microbiology Quiz: Key Concepts and Applications

Microbiology Multiple Choice Questions

• Statement Validity:

  • Some microorganisms produce medically applicable compounds.
  • Microorganism study allowed development of disease spread models.
  • Antibiotics discovery in the 1960s revolutionized medicine.
  • Correct answers: Statements 1 and 2 are true.

• Human Gut Microbes:

  • Healthy human gut microbes outnumber human cells.
  • Microorganism study is not limited to single species.
  • Antibiotic resistance could cause more deaths than cancer/diabetes by 2050.
  • Correct answers: Statements 1 and 3 are true.

• Aquatic Biotechnology Color:

  • Biotechnology application for aquatic purposes is associated with green.

• Molecular Microbiology Example:

  • Measuring bacterial gene expression rate is an example of molecular microbiology.

• Bacterial Cell Wall Visualization:

  • Transmission electron microscopy is the best technique for visualizing bacterial cell walls in detail.

• Antibiotic Producing Microorganism:

  • Streptomyces griseus produces the antibiotic streptomycin.

• Size Order (Largest to Smallest):

  • The correct order is: chicken egg, red blood cell, bacteria, virus, carbon atom.

• Microbiology Organisms Not Routinely Studied:

  • Parasites are not typically studied in microbiology.

• Virus Size:

  • Viruses are approximately 100nm in size.

• Biotechnology Color for Food Technology:

  • Biotechnology for food technology is associated with blue.

• Acellular Organism Example:

  • HIV is an example of an acellular organism.

• Kingdom of Life:

  • Protista is a kingdom of life as described by Haeckel.

• Bacterium Temperature Tolerance:

  • Psychrophile is a bacterium that thrives in extremely cold temperatures.

• Taxonomy/Species Definition:

  • Species definition is the same for sexually and asexually reproducing organisms.

• Species Level Taxonomic Classification:

  • Escherichia coli is an example of a species-level taxonomic classification.

• Classification of Bacteria (Phenotypically):

  • Bacterial categorization based on genetic makeup, disease-causing abilities, enzyme production, and cell shape is a phenotypical classification method.

• Statements about Bacterial Growth:

  • Microbial species are a group of microorganisms capable of interbreeding, even if geographically separated.
  • A microbial species is a collection of strains with similar characteristics and slight variations.
  • Correct responses: Statements 1 and 3 are true.

• Organism Name Assignment:

  • Taxonomy is the process of assigning names to different organism types.

• Monotrichous Bacterium:

  • Escherichia coli is a monotrichous bacterium.

• Protein Packaging in Bacteria:

  • Proteins are packaged in the bacterial cell's endoplasmic reticulum.

• Gram Stain Image Identification:

  • The image shows gram-positive cocci in the given example image

• Statements about Lipopolysaccharide:

  • Lipopolysaccharide is an important molecule with a role in the human body.
  • LPS consists of three domains (R-antigen, core antigen, and Lipid A).
  • The Limulus amebocyte lysate assay quantifies LPS content in sterile conditions.
  • Correct responses: Statements 1 and 3 are true

• Energy Production in Bacteria:

  • Energy production occurs in the bacterial mitochondria.

• Bacterial Structure:

  • The probable structure for the microorganism in question is a coccus

• Cell Feature A (Gram Negative Bacteria):

  • Cell wall feature labeled "A" is the periplasmic space.

• Flagellar Type:

  • The diagram shows peritrichous flagella.

• Gram-positive Bacteria:

  • Staphylococcus aureus is an example of gram-positive cocci bacteria.

• Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic Cell Statements:

  • Prokaryotic cells are simpler than eukaryotic cells.
  • Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.
  • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share similar features.
  • Statements 2 and 3 are correct.

• Microbial Growth and Evolution Topics:

  • Organisms that photosynthesize and derive carbon from other sources are referred to as photoheterotrophs.

• Microaerophilic Growth:

  • Growth pattern "E" in the provided bacterial growth diagram represents microaerophilic growth

• Oxygen-Dependent Bacteria:

  • Obligate aerobes are bacteria that require oxygen for survival.

• Statement about Media and Obligate Anaerobic Organisms:

  • Chemically defined media are not always rich in nutrients, but solid media enables isolation of individual colonies.
  • Microorganisms that do not need oxygen are called obligate anaerobes.
  • Correct responses: Statements 2 only is accurate.

• Energy Obtainment by Organisms:

  • Organisms that derive energy from oxidation of chemical compounds are called chemotrophs.

• Bacterial Growth Phase:

  • The phase labeled "a" in the bacterial growth graph is called the lag phase.

• Bacterial Growth Statements:

  • During the log phase, bacteria primarily focus on producing metabolites and increasing pathogenicity.
  • Antibiotic resistance can occur due to mutations.
  • In fed-batch systems, additional nutrients are added during the production run.

• Bacterial Growth Statements 2:

  • A bacterial colony does originate from a single bacterial cell.
  • Carbon is a significant component in bacterial cells.
  • The correct answer is Statements 1 and 3 are correct.

• Bacterial Cell Replication:

  • The process of bacterial cell replication is called binary fission.

• Contamination and Sampling:

  • Water for injection is used in several applications like aseptic testing and IV medicine.
  • HEPA filters and laminar flow cabinets help reduce microbial air contamination.
  • Aseptic production areas with "Grade A*" standards have stricter controls than others.
  • Injectable morphine represents a high-risk product if contamination goes undetected.
  • Physical contamination examples include mold growth and oil in saline.
  • HIV in blood is a risk

• Microbial Load Reduction:

  • Antimicrobial hand gels can decrease microbial load, but can increase transmission to surfaces.
  • Preservatives reduce microbial spoilage risk.

• Viral Count Units:

  • Viral counts are expressed as colony-forming units.

• Environmental Control Measures:

  • Using filtered air, material sterilization, and PPE use help control microbial contamination.

• Contamination Statements:

  • Poorly trained personnel can contaminate the entire pharmaceutical process.
  • Manufacturing processes can contaminate the surrounding facilities, and biological safety cabinets are used in aseptic conditions in pharmaceutical manufacturing.
    • Correct answers are 1, 2, and 3

• Purification and Sterilization, Statements:

  • All the product is not recovered during purification.
  • Sterile products are used where they directly contact internal organs.
  • Depth filters trap impurities in the product.
  • Correct responses: Statements 2 and 3 are true.

• Sterilization Method:

  • Sterilization using filtration during pharmaceutical manufacturing is often preferred for heat-sensitive materials.

• Microbial Resistance to Sterilization:

  • Lipid-enveloped viruses are less resistant to sterilization compared to other microorganisms.

• Sterilization Methods:

• Autoclaving is often used to sterilize liquids.

• Ethylene oxide exposure is a gas sterilization method.

• Filtration removes larger particles.

• Irradiation uses ionizing radiation.

• Dry heat is also used. -Alkylation of protein functional groups is a function of ethylene oxide sterilization.

• Applications of Immunoaffinity Adsorption:

  • Purification techniques using immunoaffinity adsorption can be used to produce recombinant DNA polymerases and remove endotoxins.

• Bioindicator Microorganisms:

  • Bacillus subtilis, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, or other heat-resistant bacteria are commonly used for sterilisation bioindicators.

• Sterilization in Nonporous Packaging:

  • Filtration is a suitable method for sterilizing heat-sensitive, non-liquid, non-porous packaged items.

• Microbial Identification Results (Eosin Methylene Blue):

  • Gram-positive bacteria are expected to grow on Eosin Methylene Blue agar.
  • The growth result of a Gram-positive bacteria would result in purple colonies showing a metallic green sheen.

• Identification Methods:

  • Multi-locus sequence typing and whole genome sequencing are accurate microbial identification methods. -Correct answer 2 and 3 only.

• Microscope Image Type

  -Transmission electron microscopy is the most likely method to obtain the image given.

• Identification by Biochemical Route:

  • ELISA, PCR, Gram staining, and MALDI-TOF profiling are examples of biochemical identification methods.

• Antibiotic and Detection Use:

  • Antibiotics can be in media recipes to increase selectivity.
  • Culture-based detection techniques are not always specific, but highly accurate microbial identifications from other methods are possible from single species.
  • Correct answer is statement 3 only.

• ELISA Abbreviation:

  • ELISA stands for Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

• Cell Attachment Mechanisms in Bacteria:

  • Pili, integral proteins, and capsules are bacterial structures involved in attachment.

• Microbial Toxins:

  • Lipopolysaccharide is a microbial endotoxin.
  • Neurotoxins interfere with nerve impulses.

• Common Infectious Disease Statements:

  • Deaths from infectious diseases are often not uncommon.
  • Commensal organisms are typically not pathogenic under normal circumstances. -Viral diseases are not always communicable; the nature of the communication type often plays a role. -Correct answers are 1 and 2.

• Hemolysis and Erythrocytes:

  • Beta-hemolysis ruptures red blood cells (erythrocytes).

• Obligate Human Pathogens: -Some human pathogens are obligate, meaning they require a host to survive.

• Endemic Diseases:

  • Rodent-related endemic diseases can occur in areas.

• Antigenic Shift and Drift:

  • Antigenic shift and drift are important in the spread of certain viruses.

Test your knowledge on the fascinating world of microbiology! This quiz covers various topics including microorganisms, human gut microbes, and techniques in molecular microbiology. Explore the significant impacts of these tiny entities on health and biotechnology.