T1 Microbiology Quizzes PDF

**[Introduction to Microbiology]** 1. Which of the following statements are true? 1. Some microorganisms naturally produce compounds which have medical applications. 2. The study of microorganisms has allowed mathematical models of disease spread to be created. 3. The discovery of an...

**[Introduction to Microbiology]** 1. Which of the following statements are true? 1. Some microorganisms naturally produce compounds which have medical applications. 2. The study of microorganisms has allowed mathematical models of disease spread to be created. 3. The discovery of antibiotics during the 1960s revolutionized medicine. 1. 3 only 2. 1 and 2 3. 2 and 3 4. 1 only 5. 2 only 2. Which of the following statements are true? 1. The number of microbes within a healthy human gut outnumbers the total number of human cells in the body. 2. The study of microorganisms is confined to individual species. 3. If antibiotic resistance is not properly tackled, then by 2050 the total number of deaths per year could outweigh cancer and diabetes combined. 1. 2 only 2. 1 and 2 3. 1 only 4. 3 only 5. 1 and 3 3. What colour is associated with the application of biotechnology for aquatic purposes? 1. Red 2. Yellow 3. Green 4. White 5. Blue 4. Which of the following would be an example of molecular microbiology? 1. Brewing of beer 2. Measuring the rate of bacterial gene expression 3. The production of antimicrobials on an industrial scale 4. Culturing microbes in nutrient-rich media 5. Inserting a fluorescence gene into a mouse 5. Which of the following techniques would be most appropriate for visualizing the detailed features of a bacterial cell wall? 1. Fluorescence microscopy 2. Phase contrast microscopy 3. Transmission electron microscopy 4. Confocal microscopy 5. Light microscopy 6. Which microorganism is responsible for producing the antibiotic Streptomycin. 1. Streptomyces griseus 2. Escherichia coli 3. Aspergillus niger 4. Bacillus licheniformis 5. Penicillium chrysogenum 7. Choose the correct size order (largest to smallest) from the following list 1. Chicken egg, bacteria, red blood cell, virus, carbon atom 2. Chicken egg, red blood cell, bacteria, virus, carbon atom 3. Chicken egg, bacteria, red blood cell, carbon atom, virus 4. Chicken egg, bacteria, red blood cell, virus, carbon atom 5. Bacteria, chicken egg, virus, red blood cell, carbon atom 8. Which of these organisms are not routinely studied in microbiology? 1. Parasites 2. Viruses 3. Fungi 4. Prions 5. Bacteria 9. Approximately what size is a virus? 1. 50 µm 2. 1 mm 3. 100 nm 4. 0.001 µm 5. 100 µm 10. What colour is associated with the application of biotechnology for food technology 1. Blue 2. Yellow 3. Green 4. White 5. Red **[Microbial Classification]** 1. Which of the following is an example of an acellular organism? 1. HIV 2. Algae 3. Mollusc 4. Staphylococcus aureus 5. Bakers Yeast 2. Which of the following was one of the kingdoms of life as described by Haeckel? 1. Protista 2. Fungi 3. Prokaryota 4. Vegetabalia 5. Eucarya 3. Which of following is the proper term which would define a bacterium that has lives at extremely cold temperatures? 1. Halophile 2. Nucleophile 3. Thermophobe 4. Thermophile 5. Psychrophile 4. Which of the following statements are true? 1. Taxonomy is the area of biological systematics by which life is defined by shared characteristics 2. Linnaeus first described the Protista in 1735 3. The definition of a species is the same for both sexually and asexually reproducing organisms 1. 1 and 3 2. 1 only 3. 2 and 3 4. 2 only 5. 3 only 5. Which of the following would be an example of the species level of taxonomic classification 1. Hominidae 2. Podoviridae 3. Escherichia coli 4. Proteobacteria 5. Mammalia 6. Which of the following would be an example of how bacteria could be classified phenotypically by biochemistry? 1. The genetic makeup of a bacterium 2. The ability to cause disease 3. The production of bacterial enzymes 4. The shape of the bacterial cell 5. How the bacteria responds to other organisms 7. Which of the following statements are true? 1. An organism which is able to survive in extreme conditions (e.g. temperature, pH, etc) is called an extremophobe 2. The serotyping of Salmonella relies on the H and O antigens 3. Genotype classification can be confused by vertical gene transmission 1. 1 only 2. 3 only 3. 2 only 4. 2 and 3 5. 1 and 3 8. Which of the following statements are true? 1. A microbial species is a group of microorganisms that are capable of interbreeding even if geographically isolated. 2. A microbial species is a collection of strains which share stable properties but had significant differences to other strains. 3. A microbial species is a collection of strains which only vary slightly from different species through minor genetic changes. 1. 2 only 2. 3 only 3. 1 only 4. 1 and 3 5. 2 and 3 9. Which of the following describes the assignment of names to different types of organisms? 1. Taxonomy 2. Classification 3. Specification 4. Phylogenetics 5. Nomenclature **[\ Microbial Structure]** 1. Which of the following bacteria is an example of a monotrichous bacterium? 1. Escherichia coli 2. Helicobacter pylori 3. Vibrio cholerae 4. Staphylococcus epidermidis 5. Staphylococcus aureus 2. In which component of a bacterial cell are proteins packaged? 1. Plasmid 2. Cytoplasm 3. Endoplasmic reticulum 4. Ribosome 5. Mitochondria 3. Identify the following image. A close-up of a microscope Description automatically generated 1. The image shows a gram stain of Gram-positive cocci 2. The image shows a gram stain of Gram-negative bacilli 3. The image shows a gram stain of Gram-negative cocci 4. The image shows a gram stain of Staphylococcus epidermidis 5. The image shows a gram stain of Gram-positive bacilli 4. Which of the following statements are true? 1. Lipopolysaccharide consists of three domains; the R antigen, the core antigen, and Lipid A 2. Lipopolysaccharide is unable to have an effect on the human body 3. Lipopolysaccharide content is regularly quantified using the Limulus ameboyte lysate assay in sterile manufacturing 1. 2 and 3 2. 1 and 2 3. 2 only 4. 1 only 5. 3 only 5. In which component of a bacterial cell is energy produced? 1. Cytoplasm 2. Ribosome 3. Plasmid 4. Mitochondria 5. Endoplasmic reticulum 6. What is the most probable structure exhibited by the bacterium shown below?  1. Coccus 2. Tetrad 3. Bacillus 4. Streptobacilli 5. Spirochete 7. You have been provided with the following image of a Gram-negative bacterial cell wall. What is the cell wall feature labelled A? A blue and white lines with black text Description automatically generated 1. Peptidoglycan 2. Pseudomembranous space 3. Interstitial space 4. Pre-capsular layer 5. Periplasmic space 8. Based on the following diagram, a flagellated bacterial cell identify the type of flagella shown  1. Peritrichous 2. Amphitrichous 3. Ditrichous 4. Monotrichous 5. Lophotrichous 9. Which of the following bacterial species would be an example of a Gram-positive cocci bacterium? 1. Staphylococcus aureus 2. Bacillus anthracis 3. Saccharomyces cerevisiae 4. Neisseria gonorrhoeae 5. Escherichia coli 10. Which of the following statements are true? 1. Prokaryotic cells are generally more complex than Eukaryotic cells 2. Prokaryotic cells do not possess membrane bound organelles 3. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells possess the same features 1. 1 only 2. 1 and 2 3. 3 only 4. 2 only 5. 1 and 3 **[Microbial Growth and Evolution]** 1. Which of the following could best be described to describe an organism which photosynthesises and obtains carbon from other sources? 1. Photoheterotroph 2. Organochemotroph 3. Photoautotroph 4. Lithoheterochemotroph 5. Photolithotroph 2. Which of these would be representative of microaerophilic growth? A diagram of different types of liquid Description automatically generated 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. E 3. Which of the following types of bacteria cannot survive without oxygen? 1. Aerotolerant anaerobe 2. Facultative aerobe 3. Microaerophile 4. Obligate aerobe 5. Obligate anaerobe 4. Which of the following statements is true? (There may be more than one correct answer) 1. A chemically defined media is always rich in nutrients 2. The use of a solid media allows for the isolation of individual bacterial colonies 3. An obligate anaerobic organism is able to tolerate the presence of oxygen 1. 2 only 2. 1 only 3. 3 only 4. 1 and 2 5. 1 and 3 5. What is the name of an organism which obtains energy from the oxidation of compounds? 1. Lithotroph 2. Phototroph 3. Heterotroph 4. Autotroph 5. Chemotroph 6. Which phase of bacterial growth is represented by a in the following graph? 1. Exponential 2. Lag 3. Death 4. Stationary 5. Log 7. Which of the following statements is true? (There may be more than one correct answer) 1. During the log phase of growth, bacterial metabolism is in the primary state focusing on the production of natural products and metabolites which increase pathogenicity. 2. Antibiotic resistance arises due to single mutations within genes 3. In the industrial culturing of bacteria, a fed batch system is partially full at the start of the production run and additional nutrients are added as the run progresses 1. 1 and 2 2. 1 only 3. 2 only 4. 3 only 5. 2 and 3 8. Which of the following statements is true? (There may be more than one correct answer) 1. A bacterial colony is always formed from a single bacterial cell 2. The most abundant element within a bacterial cell is carbon 3. GasPak and Candle jars produce perfect anaerobic conditions for the growth of obligate anaerobes 1. 2 only 2. 3 only 3. 1 and 3 4. 2 and 3 5. 1 and 2 9. Which of the following statements is true? (There may be more than one correct answer) 1. In the lag phase of bacterial growth, bacteria replicate at the maximum possible rate given the environmental conditions 2. When used for biotechnological application (e.g. production of antibiotics), the secondary metabolism of an organism is important 3. Neutral mutations occur at a steady rate in microbes, they may not be passed to daughter cells 1. 1 and 2 2. 2 and 3 3. 2 only 4. 1 only 5. 1 and 3 10. What is the proper name for bacterial cell replication? 1. Mitosis 2. Binary fusion 3. Meiosis 4. Binary fission 5. Lysogeny **[Sources of Contamination and Sampling]** 1. For which of the following applications would water for injection be used in manufacturing 1. Microbiological media for use in aseptic testing 2. Cough syrups 3. Morphine sulfate solution for intravenous application 1. 1 and 2 2. 1 and 3 3. 2 only 4. 3 only 5. 1 only 2. Which of the following measures could not be used to reduce the risk of microbial contamination from the air in pharmaceutical manufacturing? 1. Passing the air that flows into the production environment through a HEPA filter 2. Manufacturing the product in a laminar flow cabinet 3. Irradiation 4. Wearing a facemask 5. Preventing workers from entering manufacturing areas when ill 3. Which of the following grades of aseptic production area would have the most stringent control measures in place? 1. Grade A 2. Grade B 3. Grade C 4. Grade D 5. Grade A\* 4. Which of the following contaminated products would present the greatest risk to people if the contamination was not detected during manufacturing? 1. Antacid tablets 2. Burn cream 3. Cough Syrup 4. Injectable morphine 5. Moisturiser 5. Which of the following would be an example of physical contamination? 1. Mould growing on the surface of a cough syrup 2. Oil in oral saline 3. HIV in a blood transfusion 4. Glucose in an insulin injection 5. Metal shavings in face cream 6. Which of the following is not normally used to reduce the risk of contamination in non-sterile production environments? 1. Training staff to wear hairnets while in the production environment 2. Using water for injection in manufacturing 3. Monitoring of the production environment for bacteria and fungi 4. Wearing gloves while handling raw materials 5. Regular cleaning of packaging machinery 7. Based on the following data, calculate the total number of bacteria in a 10mL suspension. The volume of bacteria used to inoculate the plate was 100 μL. A white rectangular box with black text Description automatically generated 1. 4.4 × 10⁸ PFU 2. 4.4 × 10⁷ CFU 3. 4.4 × 10⁹ PFU 4. 4.4 × 10⁸ CFU 5. 4.4 × 10⁹ CFU 8. Which of these statements are true? 1. Using antimicrobial hand gels will decrease the microbial load on the skin but increase microbial transmission to surfaces 2. Adding a preservative to a formulation will reduce the risk of microbial spoilage 3. The units of viral counts are colony forming units 1. 3 only 2. 2 only 3. 1 only 4. 1 and 2 5. 2 and 3 9. Which of the following would not be an example of an environmental control measure which would reduce the risk of microbial contamination? 1. Manufacturing within a facility where the air is filtered 2. Sterilisation of raw materials 3. Introducing a preservative into a formulation 4. Training of staff in the appropriate use of PPE 5. Regular cleaning of manufacturing equipment 10. Which of the following statements are true? 1. Poorly trained personnel have the potential to contaminate multiple aspects of the pharmaceutical manufacturing process 2. The process by which a pharmaceutical product is made can contaminate the facility it is performed in 3. A biological safety cabinet is frequently found in the aseptic production areas of pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities. 1. 2 only 2. 1 and 3 3. 2 and 3 4. 1 and 2 5. 1 only **[\ ]** **[Purification and Sterilization]** 1. Which of the following statements is true? (There may be more than one correct answer) 1. When purifying a pharmaceutical product you will always get all of the product back no matter the number of purification steps 2. A sterilised product is normally used when the product is due to come into contact with internal organs 3. Depth filters trap contaminants on their surface 1. 1 and 2 2. 2 and 3 3. 2 only 4. 3 only 5. 1 only 2. Which of the following statements is true? (There may be more than one correct answer) 1. Sterilization carries no risk to the final product 2. Only 3 methods of sterilization are approved by the European Pharmacopoeia 3. Membrane filters trap contaminants on their surface 1. 1 and 3 2. 1 and 2 3. 2 only 4. 1 only 5. 3 only 3. Which of the following organisms is the least resistant to sterilisation? 1. Prions 2. Fungi 3. Lipid enveloped viruses 4. Gram positive bacteria 5. Gram negative bacteria 4. Which of the following statements are true? (There may be more than one correct answer) 1. Sterilised pharmaceutical products are often checked for contamination by culturing them in liquid media for 14 days 2. True sterility requires the killing of every contaminant within a product 3. Purification by precipitation relies on increasing the solute solubility 1. 1 and 2 2. 1 and 3 3. 2 and 3 4. 1 only 5. 2 only 5. What is the mechanism of action by which filtration can sterilise pharmaceutical products 1. Oxidative action at temperatures higher than 150C 2. Removal of potential contaminants 3. DNA damage 4. Alkylation of protein functional groups 5. Hydrolytic action at temperatures about 120C and higher than atmospheric pressure. 6. Which of the following would be the most appropriate method for sterilizing a biologically active liquid suspension during manufacturing? 1. Autoclaving 2. Ethylene oxide exposure 3. Filtration 4. Irradiation 5. Dry Heat 7. Which of the following methods of sterilisation functions by alkylating protein functional groups? 1. Irradiation 2. Autoclaving 3. Dry heat 4. Ethylene oxide exposure 5. Filtration 8. Which of the following applications would be a common example of purification by immuno-affinity adsorption 1. Production of recombinant DNA polymerases 2. Endotoxin removal 3. Separation of blood components 4. Removal of high molecular weight bacterial debris 5. Exotoxin removal 9. What type of microorganism is usually found in a biological sterilisation indicator like the one shown below?  1. Bacillus subtilis 2. Geobacillus stearothermophilus 3. Clostridium perfringens 4. Bacillus globigii 5. Staphylococcus aureus 10. Which of the following would be the most appropriate method for sterilizing a heat sensitive, non-liquid product that is packaged in non-porous packaging? 1. Autoclaving 2. Ethylene oxide exposure 3. Filtration 4. Irradiation 5. Dry heat **[Microbial Identification]** 1. What would be the expected result if a gram-positive bacterium was grown on Eosin methylene blue agar? 1. No growth 2. Purple colonies with a metallic green sheen 3. Purple colonies 4. Yellow colonies which turn the agar yellow 5. Red colonies on red aga 2. Which of the following types of ELISA is used to capture specific types of antigens in a diagnostic test? 1. Indirect ELISA 2. Direct ELISA 3. Non-competitive ELISA 4. Competitive ELISA 5. Sandwich ELISA 3. Which of the following statements are true? (There may be more than one correct answer) 1. Light microscopy relies on the reflection of light from the surface of the sample in order to be visualised 2. A bacterial colony can be used to generate a highly accurate species identification 3. Most secondary identification tests (e.g. API strips) require a single bacterial type to be isolated 1. 3 only 2. 2 only 3. 2 and 3 4. 1 and 3 5. 3 only 4. Which of the following would be an example of a selective media? 1. M9 minimal agar 2. Blood agar 3. Nutrient agar 4. Tryptone soya agar 5. Sabouraud dextrose agar 5. Which microbial species is most likely to have produced the following result on Eosin Methylene Blue agar? A close-up of a petri dish Description automatically generated 1. Bacillus subtilis 2. Enterococcus faecium 3. Escherichia coli 4. Candida albicans 5. Staphylococcus epidermidis 6. Which of the following methods of identification will provide the most detailed information about a contaminant/disease causing agent? 1. Multi locus sequence typing 2. Whole genome sequencing 3. Bacterial colony morphology 4. Sandwich ELISA 5. MALDI-TOF 7. What type of microscopy is most likely to have produced the following image?  1. Scanning electron microscopy 2. Fluorescence microscopy 3. Transmission electron microscopy 4. Phase contrast microscopy 5. Transmission light microscopy 8. Which of the following would be an example of identification by a biochemical route? 1. ELISA testing 2. PCR amplification of 16s rRNA 3. Gram staining 4. MALDI-TOF profiling 5. API strips 9. Which of the following statements is true? (There may be more than one correct answer) 1. Antibiotics can be used within some media recipes in order to increase their selectivity 2. Culture based detection methods are rapid and highly specific 3. Identification of microorganisms by MALDI TOF is based on their genetic content 1. 1 only 2. 1 and 2 3. 1 and 3 4. 3 only 5. 2 and 3 10. What does the abbreviation ELISA stand for? 1. Endotoxin linked immunosorbent assay 2. Enzyme linked immune scoring assay 3. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay 4. Enzyme linked immunoglobulin assay 5. Endotoxin linked immune assay **[Disease and Pathogenesis]** 1. Which of these cell components aids in the attachment of bacteria to host cells? 1. Pili 2. Integral proteins 3. Lipopolysaccharide 4. Plasmids 5. Capsules 2. Which of the following is a type of microbial endotoxin? 1. Cytotoxin 2. Neurotoxin 3. Lipopolysaccharide 4. Superantigen 5. Enterotoxin 3. Which of the following toxins is likely to interfere with normal nerve impulses? 1. Enterotoxin 2. Cytotoxin 3. Lipopolysaccharide 4. Superantigen 5. Neurotoxin 4. Which of the following statements is true? (There may be more than one correct answer) 1. Death due to infectious diseases is relatively uncommon 2. Commensal organisms are unable to cause diseases under normal situations 3. Viral diseases are only communicable 1. 3 only 2. 1 and 3 3. 1 and 2 4. 2 only 5. 1 only 5. Which of the following haemolysins causes the rupturing of erythrocytes? 1. Beta 2. Gamma 3. Delta 4. Alpha 5. Sigma 6. Which of the following would be classified as an obligate pathogen in humans? 1. Escherichia coli 2. Staphylococcus aureus 3. Candida albicans 4. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 7. Which of the following could be classified as an endemic disease in rodents in the United States? 1. Food poisoning 2. Influenza 3. Bubonic plague 4. Chickenpox 5. Ebola 8. In which of the following microorganisms do the processes of antigenic shift and antigenic drift play an important role? 1. Escherichia coli 2. Staphylococcus aureus 3. Candida albicans 4. Influenza 5. HIV 9. What is the definition of a zoonotic disease? 1. A disease that has been transmitted through an inanimate object 2. A disease that has been transmitted from an animal 3. A disease that has been transmitted from an insect 4. A disease that has been transmitted from person to person 5. A disease that has been transmitted from mother to child 10. Which of the following statements is true? (There may be more than one correct answer) 1. Death due to infectious diseases is relatively uncommon 2. Commensal organisms are unable to cause diseases under normal situations 3. Viral diseases are only communicable 1. 1 and 3 2. 1 and 2 3. 1 only 4. 2 only 5. 3 only