Human Gut Microbes and Nutrition Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary roles of gut microbes in human nutrition?

  • They synthesize vitamins that humans cannot access.
  • They produce enzymes that digest food.
  • They break down pathogens in the digestive system.
  • They help obtain energy from food. (correct)
  • Which type of microorganisms is primarily found in the human gut?

  • Bacteriophages
  • Yeasts
  • Fungi
  • Bacteria (correct)
  • Which two phyla dominate the bacterial population in the human gut?

  • Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria
  • Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (correct)
  • Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes
  • Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria
  • What potential health issue can arise from an overgrowth of gut bacteria?

    <p>Alcoholic liver disease (ALD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which individuals can Candida species potentially become pathogenic?

    <p>Immunocompromised individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the microbiota in human health?

    <p>Activation of immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is NOT directly associated with disturbances in the microbiota?

    <p>Cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the collective genomes of the microorganisms residing in and on the human body?

    <p>Microbiome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consequence of disrupting the normal balance of microbiota?

    <p>Potential disease development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body location is most populated by the human microbiota?

    <p>Gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microorganism is often found in varying populations in different body sites?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a supposed effect of the microbiota on human health?

    <p>Increasing infectious disease risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do opportunistic pathogens play in relation to the microbiota?

    <p>Occasionally harmful when balance is disrupted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary roles of gut microbes in digestion?

    <p>They break down complex molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the gut microbiome influence adaptive immunity?

    <p>It helps the body develop an adaptive immune system from birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the link between gut microbiota and behavior?

    <p>They can influence brain function by triggering responses in the nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health conditions have been associated with the microbiome?

    <p>Autoimmune diseases, allergies, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary modifications are being investigated to maintain a healthy gut microbiome?

    <p>Prebiotics and probiotics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the diversity of the microbiome greater in adolescents compared to adults?

    <p>Adolescents have more varied diets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about plant cellulose is accurate?

    <p>It requires gut microbes for digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact can gastrointestinal diseases have on the microbiome?

    <p>They can disrupt microbial balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does dysbiosis of the microbiota lead to infectious diseases?

    <p>By disrupting microbial balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been shown to influence gut microbiota in relation to gastrointestinal diseases?

    <p>Dietary modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which connection exists between the gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome?

    <p>Gut microbes impact energy balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do gut microbes influence brain development?

    <p>Through modifying energy balance alongside genetic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serious consequence can arise from the implications of microbiota in the progression of diseases?

    <p>Resistance to treatment for chronic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of human cancers are implicated with microorganisms?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance produced by the intestinal microbiota can influence liver function?

    <p>Ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible complication of liver cirrhosis related to gut microbiota?

    <p>Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the innate microbiota help protect against harmful bacteria?

    <p>Competing for nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of antibiotic disturbance of the microbiota?

    <p>Infections and antibiotic resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the ways the microbiota influences colon cancer development?

    <p>By altering the balance of tumor cell proliferation and death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might a compromised microbiota increase cancer risk?

    <p>By making the body more prone to inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Helicobacter pylori play in relation to colon cancer?

    <p>It is involved in chronic inflammation that may elevate gastric cancer risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can specific microbes in tumors respond to?

    <p>Differences in oxygen tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way that bacteria may influence carcinogenesis?

    <p>Changing the stomach's acid levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium lactis, when administered to children?

    <p>Reduced risk of nonspecific gastrointestinal infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria predominantly make up the fecal microbiota in breastfed infants?

    <p><em>Bifidobacteria</em> such as <em>B. longum</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the gut microbiota of formula-fed infants differ from that of breastfed infants?

    <p>They contain more facultative anaerobes and delayed colonization by <em>bifidobacteria</em>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to gut microbiota diversity after the introduction of solid food around six months of age?

    <p>It becomes more diverse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria is NOT typically found in high levels in breast milk?

    <p><em>Clostridium</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Lactobacillus rhamnosus affect children's growth during the first few years of life?

    <p>Inhibits excessive weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of antibiotic treatment during the first two years of life?

    <p>Disruption of gut microbiome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phylum includes both Lactobacilli and Streptococci?

    <p>Firmicutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one benefit of Bifidobacterium breve for very low birth weight infants?

    <p>Improved weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about gut microbiota is correct?

    <p>The number of microbiota exceeds the host's own cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bacteria predominantly colonizes the gut of breastfed infants in early life?

    <p><em>Bifidobacteria</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which delivery method typically results in an infant's gut microbiome resembling that of the vaginal microbial community?

    <p>Vaginal delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT affect early life gut microbiota?

    <p>Age of the infant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of gut microbiota in formula-fed infants?

    <p>Resemblance to hospital environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bacterial species is often found in the early gut microbiota of preterm infants?

    <p>Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can influence the formation of gut microbiota in early life?

    <p>Cesarean delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is likely to impact the composition of gut microbiota in infants after 6 months of age?

    <p>Introduction of solid foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of probiotic is believed to have a nonspecific gastrointestinal impact in infants?

    <p><em>Bifidobacterium lactis</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

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