Microbiology of Gut Normal Flora
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following microorganisms is not typically part of the normal GI flora?

  • Clostridium difficile
  • Bifidobacterium spp.
  • Enterococcus faecalis
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa (correct)

    • What is the primary characteristic of diarrhea?

  • Stools with blood or mucus
  • Defecation more frequent than what is normal for an individual (correct)
  • Abdominal pain without fever
  • Passage of three or more loose stools in 48 hours

    • Which viral agent is commonly associated with food poisoning?

  • Hepatitis A virus
  • Norovirus (correct)
  • Influenza virus
  • Rotavirus

    • What is the primary purpose of antimicrobial materials produced by Bifidobacterium spp.?

    <p>To inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following microorganisms is commonly associated with acute diarrhea?

    <p>Clostridium difficile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of symptoms for acute diarrhea?

    <p>Less than 14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between non-cell-invasive and cell-invasive diarrheal pathogens?

    <p>The depth of intestinal invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following toxins is typically produced by bacteria present in food?

    <p>Intrinsic toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of transmission for Vibrio cholerae?

    <p>Faecal-oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foods is most commonly associated with Campylobacter food poisoning?

    <p>Chicken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Dr. Snow's observation regarding the incidence of cholera around the Broad Street pump?

    <p>It was concentrated around the Broad Street pump due to its reputed water purity and taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of Dr. Snow's discovery and the subsequent Public Health Acts?

    <p>The ridding of slums and requirement for private houses to have WCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between exotoxic and enterotoxic poisoning?

    <p>The duration of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the World Health Organization, what is the current status of cholera globally?

    <p>It is currently active in over 25 countries with a 25% increase in surge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria is responsible for the most common form of dysentery in the UK?

    <p>Shigella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of the Global Task Force on Cholera Control's country-led strategy?

    <p>To reduce cholera deaths by 90% and eliminate cholera in 20 countries by 2030</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for cholera?

    <p>Fluid replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main species of Salmonella?

    <p>Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of cholera epidemics?

    <p>Seasonal fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way to prevent cholera?

    <p>Boiling water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Salmonella that distinguishes it from other bacteria?

    <p>It is Gram-negative, encapsulated, and rod-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reservoir of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella?

    <p>Infected humans, animals, and birds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common complication of Listeria monocytogenes infections?

    <p>Hospitalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Salmonella typically transmitted?

    <p>Through faecal-oral transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical treatment for Salmonella food poisoning?

    <p>Hydration and electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for Typhoidal Salmonella?

    <p>Antibiotic therapy for 5-7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of typhoid fever symptoms?

    <p>4-6 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum inoculum required for Salmonella typhi to cause infection?

    <p>100,000 bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Shigella spp.?

    <p>Faecal-oral route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of Shigella spp. infection?

    <p>4-7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of pathogenesis for Shigella spp.?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complication that can occur in children infected with Shigella spp.?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for typhoid fever?

    <p>Fluid replacement and antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Salmonella typhi?

    <p>Faecal-oral route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of carrier status for Shigella spp.?

    <p>4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical incubation period for Shigella spp.?

    <p>1-3 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if you have blood or mucus in your stool?

    <p>Do not take anti-diarrheal medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for discomfort associated with acute diarrhea?

    <p>Taking paracetamol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication of acute diarrhea?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should you seek medical attention for acute diarrhea?

    <p>If symptoms persist for more than 7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you avoid drinking when trying to rehydrate?

    <p>Fruit juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should you avoid returning to work or school after symptoms resolve?

    <p>48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which E. coli toxins cause diarrhea?

    <p>Inhibition of Na+ reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important cause of infantile enteritis?

    <p>EPEC (enteropathogenic E. coli)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom that distinguishes E. coli from other causes of food poisoning?

    <p>Blood or mucus in the stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of diagnosing food poisoning, what is the primary indication for laboratory testing of stool specimens?

    <p>Systemic illness or immunocompromised state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that contributed to the outbreak of E. coli in Lanarkshire, 1996?

    <p>Contaminated meat from a butcher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of management in patients with food poisoning?

    <p>Fluid and electrolyte replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of food poisoning caused by Bacillus cereus?

    <p>Vomiting and slight diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for antibiotic therapy in patients with food poisoning?

    <p>Systemic illness or immunocompromised state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why the patient in the clinical case scenario did not require antibiotics?

    <p>No systemically unwell or immunocompromised state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advice for patients with food poisoning?

    <p>Stay at home and rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

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