10 Questions
An individual has, on average, how many bacterial species in their microbiome?
150 - 160 species
What is the estimated ratio of human cells to bacterial cells in our bodies?
1 human cell : 1 bacterial cell
Which of the following mechanisms translate the long-term effects of antibiotics on the human microbiome?
All of the above
The next proposed phase of the Human Microbiome Project seeks to explore which of the following areas?
The role of the microbiome in disease diagnosis and activity as well as utilizing the microbiome in disease treatments
The genera colonizing infants born of vaginal delivery differ from the general colonizing infants born after surgical caesarian section in the following ways:
The colonizing bacteria in vaginally born infants include a predominance of Lactobacillus spp.
Which of the following factors influence the composition of the human microbiome across one's lifespan?
All of the above
Older adults who live in long-term residential care are at increased risk of frailty which is associated with which change in the microbiome?
Increased ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes
The microbiome of older adults differs from younger adults in several ways. Which of the following statements best describes these changes?
The microbiome of the older adult is less diverse and is characterized by a decreased Firmicutes to Bacteriodetes ratio along with a shift to a more pro-inflammatory host response.
Helicobacter pylori can be a normal commensal, contributing factor to the development of peptic ulcer disease, and protective against which of the following neuroinflammatory diseases?
Multiple sclerosis
Which of the following has been found to be altered in breast tumor tissue compared to healthy breast tissue?
Endogenous microbiome
Study Notes
Microbiome Facts
- On average, an individual has 150-160 bacterial species in their microbiome.
- The estimated ratio of human cells to bacterial cells in our bodies is 1:1.
- There are approximately 10-25, 30-75, 1000-1500 bacterial species, but 150-160 is the correct answer.
Human Microbiome Project
- The next proposed phase of the Human Microbiome Project seeks to explore the role of the microbiome in disease diagnosis and activity, as well as utilizing the microbiome in disease treatments.
Infant Microbiome
- The genera colonizing infants born of vaginal delivery differ from those colonizing infants born after surgical caesarian section, with vaginally born infants having a predominance of Lactobacillus spp.
Microbiome Influencers
- Factors that influence the composition of the human microbiome across one's lifespan include diet, antibiotic usage, medication usage, place of residence, general health of the host, and others.
Aging and Microbiome
- Older adults who live in long-term residential care are at increased risk of frailty, which is associated with an increased ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes in the microbiome.
- The microbiome of older adults differs from younger adults, with a decreased diversity and a decreased Firmicutes to Bacteriodetes ratio, leading to a more pro-inflammatory host response.
Helicobacter Pylori
- Helicobacter pylori can be a normal commensal, contributing factor to the development of peptic ulcer disease, and protective against multiple sclerosis.
Microbiome in Breast Tumor Tissue
- The endogenous microbiome has been found to be altered in breast tumor tissue compared to healthy breast tissue.
Test your knowledge of the human microbiome, including the number of bacterial species and the ratio of human cells to bacterial cells in the body.
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